475
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Vancomycin pharmacokinetic models: informing the clinical management of drug-resistant bacterial infections

, , , , , & show all

References

  • Hazlewood KA, Brouse SD, Pitcher WD, Hall RG. Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity: grave concern or death by character assassination? Am J Med 2010;123(2):182; e181-187
  • Lodise TP, Drusano GL, Zasowski E, et al. Vancomycin Exposure in Patients With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: how Much Is Enough? Clin Infect Dis 2014;59(5):666-75
  • Vandecasteele SJ, De Vriese AS, Tacconelli E. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in clinical practice: evidence and uncertainties. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013;68(4):743-8
  • Matzke GR, McGory RW, Halstenson CE, Keane WF. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with various degrees of renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25(4):433-7
  • Avent ML, Vaska VL, Rogers BA, et al. Vancomycin therapeutics and monitoring: a contemporary approach. Intern Med J 2013;43(2):110-19
  • Neely MN, Youn G, Jones B, et al. Are vancomycin trough concentrations adequate for optimal dosing? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;58(1):309-16
  • Dhand A, Sakoulas G. Reduced vancomycin susceptibility among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates (’the MIC Creep’): implications for therapy. F1000 Med Rep 2012;4:4
  • Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52(3):e18-55
  • Giuliano C, Haase KK, Hall R. Use of vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties in the treatment of MRSA infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010;8(1):95-106
  • Barriere SL, Stryjewski ME, Corey GR, et al. Effect of vancomycin serum trough levels on outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: a retrospective, post hoc, subgroup analysis of the Phase 3 ATTAIN studies. BMC Infect Dis 2014;14:183
  • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004;32:470-85
  • Stryjewski ME, Szczech LA, Benjamin DK, et al. Use of vancomycin or first-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:190-6
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013. Available from: www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf [Last accessed 7 October 2014]
  • Patel N, Pai MP, Rodvold KA, et al. Vancomycin: we can’t get there from here. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52(8):969-74
  • Ette EI, Williams PJ. Population pharmacokinetics I: background, concepts, and models. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38(10):1702-6
  • Bartlett JG. Narrative review: the new epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated enteric disease. Ann Intern Med 2006;145(10):758-64
  • Bartlett JG. The case for vancomycin as the preferred drug for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46(10):1489-92
  • Spitzer PG, Eliopoulos GM. Systemic absorption of enteral vancomycin in a patient with pseudomembranous colitis. Ann Intern Med 1984;100(4):533-4
  • Thompson CM Jr, Long SS, Gilligan PH, Prebis JW. Absorption of oral vancomycin – possible associated toxicity. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1983;4(1):1-4
  • Bunke CM, Aronoff GR, Brier ME, et al. Vancomycin kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;34(5):631-7
  • Arroyo JC, Quindlen EA. Accumulation of vancomycin after intraventricular infusions. South Med J 1983;76(12):1554-5
  • Sutherland GE, Palitang EG, Marr JJ, Luedke SL. Sterilization of Ommaya reservoir by instillation of vancomycin. Am J Med 1981;71(6):1068-70
  • Kirby WM, Divelbiss CL. Vancomycin; clinical and laboratory studies. Antibiot Annu 1956;107-17
  • Matzke GR, Zhanel GG, Guay DR. Clinical pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1986;11(4):257-82
  • Ingerman MJ, Santoro J. Vancomycin. A new old agent. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1989;3(3):641-51
  • Polk RE, Healy DP, Schwartz LB, et al. Vancomycin and the red-man syndrome: pharmacodynamics of histamine release. J Infect Dis 1988;157(3):502-7
  • Geraci JE, Heilman FR, Nichols DR, et al. Some laboratory and clinical experiences with a new antibiotic, vancomycin. Antibiot Annu 1956;90-106
  • Blouin RA, Bauer LA, Miller DD, et al. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in normal and morbidly obese subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982;21(4):575-80
  • Brown N, Ho DH, Fong KL, et al. Effects of hepatic function on vancomycin clinical pharmacology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;23(4):603-9
  • Rotschafer JC, Crossley K, Zaske DE, et al. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin: observations in 28 patients and dosage recommendations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982;22(3):391-4
  • Krogstad DJ, Moellering RC Jr, Greenblatt DJ. Single-dose kinetics of intravenous vancomycin. J Clin Pharmacol 1980;20(4 Pt 1):197-201
  • Kirby WM, Divelbiss CL. Vancomycin; clinical and laboratory studies. Antibiotics annual 1956;107-17
  • Vancomycin [package insert]. Pfizer, New York, NY; 2010.
  • Kendrick JG, Carr RR, Ensom MH. Pharmacokinetics and drug dosing in obese children. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2010;15(2):94-109
  • Moffett BS, Kim S, Edwards MS. Vancomycin dosing in obese pediatric patients. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2011;50(5):442-6
  • Ducharme MP, Slaughter RL, Edwards DJ. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in a patient population: effect of age, gender, and body weight. Ther Drug Monit 1994;16(5):513-18
  • Ackerman BH, Taylor EH, Olsen KM, et al. Vancomycin serum protein binding determination by ultrafiltration. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1988;22(4):300-3
  • Albrecht LM, Rybak MJ, Warbasse LH, Edwards DJ. Vancomycin protein binding in patients with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. DICP 1991;25(7-8):713-15
  • Wilhelm MP, Estes L. Symposium on antimicrobial agents--Part XII. Vancomycin. Mayo Clin Proc 1999;74(9):928-35
  • Torres JR, Sanders CV, Lewis AC. Vancomycin concentration in human tissues--preliminary report. J Antimicrob Chemother 1979;5(4):475-7
  • Cooper GL, Given DB. Vancomycin: a comprehensive review of 30 years of clinical experience. Park Row Publishers, Inc; New York, USA: 1986
  • Albanese J, Leone M, Bruguerolle B, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion to mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive care unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44(5):1356-8
  • Cruciani M, Gatti G, Lazzarini L, et al. Penetration of vancomycin into human lung tissue. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996;38(5):865-9
  • Georges H, Leroy O, Alfandari S, et al. Pulmonary disposition of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997;16(5):385-8
  • Lodise TP, Drusano GL, Butterfield JM, et al. Penetration of vancomycin into epithelial lining fluid in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(12):5507-11
  • Lamer C, de Beco V, Soler P, et al. Analysis of vancomycin entry into pulmonary lining fluid by bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37(2):281-6
  • Graziani AL, Lawson LA, Gibson GA, et al. Vancomycin concentrations in infected and noninfected human bone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988;32(9):1320-2
  • Payne CJ, Thomson AH, Stearns AT, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of vancomycin continuous infusion as prophylaxis for vascular surgery. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66(11):2624-7
  • Lee CC, Anderson RC, Chen KK. Vancomycin, a new antibiotic. V. Distribution, excretion, and renal clearance. Antibiot Annu 1956;82-9
  • Macias WL, Mueller BA, Scarim SK. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in acute renal failure: preservation of nonrenal clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50(6):688-94
  • Nielsen HE, Hansen HE, Korsager B, Skov PE. Renal excretion of vancomycin in kidney disease. J Intern Med 1975;197(1-6):261-4
  • Llopis-Salvia P, Jimenez-Torres NV. Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in critically ill patients. J Clin Pharm Ther 2006;31(5):447-54
  • Revilla N, Martin-Suarez A, Perez MP, et al. Vancomycin dosing assessment in intensive care unit patients based on a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70(2):201-12
  • Sanchez JL, Dominguez AR, Lane JR, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult and geriatric patients: comparison of eleven approaches. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010;48(8):525-33
  • Staatz CE, Byrne C, Thomson AH. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of gentamicin and vancomycin in patients with unstable renal function following cardiothoracic surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;61(2):164-76
  • Tanaka A, Aiba T, Otsuka T, et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin using serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(2):778-82
  • Yamamoto M, Kuzuya T, Baba H, et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with gram-positive infections and the influence of infectious disease type. J Clin Pharm Ther 2009;34(4):473-83
  • Yasuhara M, Iga T, Zenda H, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Japanese pediatric patients. Ther Drug Monit 1998;20(6):612-18
  • Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16(1):31-41
  • Burnie J, Matthews R, Jiman-Fatami A, et al. Analysis of 42 cases of septicemia caused by an epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: evidence of resistance to vancomycin. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31(3):684-9
  • Preston SL, Drusano GL, Berman AL, et al. Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin: a new paradigm for early clinical trials. JAMA 1998;279(2):125-9
  • Dudley MN, Ambrose PG. Pharmacodynamics in the study of drug resistance and establishing in vitro susceptibility breakpoints: ready for prime time. Curr Opin Microbiol 2000;3(5):515-21
  • Lowdin E, Odenholt I, Cars O. In vitro studies of pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42(10):2739-44
  • Larsson AJ, Walker KJ, Raddatz JK, Rotschafer JC. The concentration-independent effect of monoexponential and biexponential decay in vancomycin concentrations on the killing of Staphylococcus aureus under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996;38(4):589-97
  • Ebert S. In vivo cidal activity and pharmacokinetic parameters for vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus. abstract 439 In: Program and abstracts of the 27th Interscience Conference on Antimicrob Agents Chemother (New York). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA: 1987. p. 173
  • Smirnova MV, Lubenko IY, Portnoy YA, et al. Concentration-response relationships as a basis for choice of the optimal endpoints of the antimicrobial effect: daptomycin and vancomycin pharmacodynamics with staphylococci in an in vitro dynamic model. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007;29(2):165-9
  • Rybak MJ. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42(Suppl 1):S35-9
  • Craig WA. Basic pharmacodynamics of antibacterials with clinical applications to the use of beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003;17(3):479-501
  • Sanders CC. ARTs versus ASTs: where are we going? J Antimicrob Chemother 1991;28(5):621-3
  • Chuard C, Lucet JC, Rohner P, et al. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from infected foreign body in vivo to killing by antimicrobials. J Infect Dis 1991;163(6):1369-73
  • Cui L, Iwamoto A, Lian JQ, et al. Novel mechanism of antibiotic resistance originating in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50(2):428-38
  • LaPlante KL, Rybak MJ. Impact of high-inoculum Staphylococcus aureus on the activities of nafcillin, vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin, alone and in combination with gentamicin, in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(12):4665-72
  • LaPlante KL, Woodmansee S. Activities of daptomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin and gentamicin against biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in an experimental model of endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53(9):3880-6
  • Rybak MJ, Lomaestro BM, Rotschafer JC, et al. Vancomycin therapeutic guidelines: a summary of consensus recommendations from the infectious diseases Society of America, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49(3):325-7
  • Rybak M, Lomaestro B, Rotschafer JC, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: a consensus review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009;66(1):82-98
  • Ambrose PG, Quintiliani R. Limitations of single point pharmacodynamic analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19(8):769
  • Bradley JS, Dudley MN, Drusano GL. Predicting efficacy of antiinfectives with pharmacodynamics and Monte Carlo simulation. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003;22(11):982-92; quiz 993-985
  • Moise-Broder PA, Forrest A, Birmingham MC, Schentag JJ. Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and other antimicrobials in patients with Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004;43(13):925-42
  • Holmes NE, Turnidge JD, Munckhof WJ, et al. Vancomycin AUC/MIC ratio and 30-day mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57(4):1654-63
  • Brown J, Brown K, Forrest A. Vancomycin AUC24/MIC ratio in patients with complicated bacteremia and infective endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its association with attributable mortality during hospitalization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(2):634-8
  • Gawronski KM, Goff DA, Brown J, et al. A stewardship program’s retrospective evaluation of vancomycin AUC24/MIC and time to microbiological clearance in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and osteomyelitis. Clin Ther 2013;35(6):772-9
  • Thomson AH, Staatz CE, Tobin CM, et al. Development and evaluation of vancomycin dosage guidelines designed to achieve new target concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;63(5):1050-7
  • Van Herendael B, Jeurissen A, Tulkens PM, et al. Continuous infusion of antibiotics in the critically ill: the new holy grail for beta-lactams and vancomycin? Ann Intensive Care 2012;2(1):22
  • Jeurissen A, Sluyts I, Rutsaert R. A higher dose of vancomycin in continuous infusion is needed in critically ill patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011;37(1):75-7
  • Cataldo MA, Tacconelli E, Grilli E, et al. Continuous versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin for the treatment of Gram-positive infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67(1):17-24
  • Hutschala D, Kinstner C, Skhirdladze K, et al. Influence of vancomycin on renal function in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery: continuous versus intermittent infusion. Anesthesiology 2009;111(2):356-65
  • Roberts JA, Taccone FS, Udy AA, et al. Vancomycin dosing in critically ill patients: robust methods for improved continuous-infusion regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(6):2704-9
  • Ingram PR, Lye DC, Tambyah PA, et al. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity associated with continuous vancomycin infusion in outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62(1):168-71
  • van den Anker JN. Getting the dose of vancomycin right in the neonate. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;49(4):247-9
  • Jacqz-Aigrain E, Zhao W, Sharland M, van den Anker JN. Use of antibacterial agents in the neonate: 50 years of experience with vancomycin administration. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;18(1):28-34
  • Anderson BJ, Allegaert K, Van den Anker JN, et al. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates and the prediction of adult clearance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63(1):75-84
  • Smits A, Kulo A, de Hoon JN, Allegaert K. Pharmacokinetics of drugs in neonates: pattern recognition beyond compound specific observations. Curr Pharm Des 2012;18(21):3119-46
  • James A, Koren G, Milliken J, et al. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and dose recommendations for preterm infants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31(1):52-4
  • Oudin C, Vialet R, Boulamery A, et al. Vancomycin prescription in neonates and young infants: toward a simplified dosage. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2011;96(5):F365-70
  • Rodvold KA, Everett JA, Pryka RD, Kraus DM. Pharmacokinetics and administration regimens of vancomycin in neonates, infants and children. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997;33(1):32-51
  • Marsot A, Boulamery A, Bruguerolle B, Simon N. Vancomycin: a review of population pharmacokinetic analyses. Clin Pharmacokinet 2012;51(1):1-13
  • de Hoog M, Mouton JW, van den Anker JN. Vancomycin: pharmacokinetics and administration regimens in neonates. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004;43(7):417-40
  • Ward RM, Allegaert K, de Groot R, van den Anker JN. Commentary: continuous infusion of vancomycin in neonates: to use or not to use remains the question. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014;33(6):606-7
  • Venkatesh MP, Placencia F, Weisman LE. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections in the neonate and child: an update. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2006;17(3):120-7
  • Zhao W, Lopez E, Biran V, et al. Vancomycin continuous infusion in neonates: dosing optimisation and therapeutic drug monitoring. Arch Dis Child 2013;98(6):449-53
  • Frymoyer A, Guglielmo BJ, Hersh AL. Desired vancomycin trough serum concentration for treating invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32(10):1077-9
  • Frymoyer A, Hersh AL, Benet LZ, Guglielmo BJ. Current recommended dosing of vancomycin for children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is inadequate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28(5):398-402
  • Welsh KJ, Abbott AN, Lewis EM, et al. Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and microbiologic features associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in pediatric patients treated with vancomycin. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48(3):894-9
  • Marques-Minana MR, Saadeddin A, Peris JE. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in neonates. A new proposal of initial dosage guideline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70(5):713-20
  • Eiland LS, English TM, Eiland EH 3rd. Assessment of vancomycin dosing and subsequent serum concentrations in pediatric patients. Ann Pharmacother 2011;45(5):582-9
  • Frymoyer A, Guglielmo BJ, Wilson SD, et al. Impact of a hospital-wide increase in empiric pediatric vancomycin dosing on initial trough concentrations. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31(9):871-6
  • Broome L, So TY. An evaluation of initial vancomycin dosing in infants, children, and adolescents. Int J Pediatr 2011;2011:470364
  • Le J, Bradley JS, Murray W, et al. Improved vancomycin dosing in children using area under the curve exposure. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32(4):e155-63
  • Glover ML, Cole E, Wolfsdorf J. Vancomycin dosage requirements among pediatric intensive care unit patients with normal renal function. J Crit Care 2000;15(1):1-4
  • Gordon CL, Thompson C, Carapetis JR, et al. Trough concentrations of vancomycin: adult therapeutic targets are not appropriate for children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012;31(12):1269-71
  • Le J, Ngu B, Bradley JS, et al. Vancomycin monitoring in children using Bayesian estimation. Ther Drug Monit 2014;36(4):510-18
  • Lasky T, Greenspan J, Ernst FR, Gonzalez L. Pediatric vancomycin use in 421 hospitals in the United States, 2008. PLoS One 2012;7(8):e43258
  • Kadambari S, Heath PT, Sharland M, et al. Variation in gentamicin and vancomycin dosage and monitoring in UK neonatal units. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66(11):2647-50
  • Meyers BR, Wilkinson P. Clinical pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in the elderly. Implications for selection and dosage. Clin Pharmacokinet 1989;17(6):385-95
  • Cutler NR, Narang PK, Lesko LJ, et al. Vancomycin disposition: the importance of age. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984;36(6):803-10
  • Guay DR, Vance-Bryan K, Gilliland S, et al. Comparison of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in hospitalized elderly and young patients using a Bayesian forecaster. J Clin Pharmacol 1993;33(10):918-22
  • Mizokami F, Shibasaki M, Yoshizue Y, et al. Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in elderly patients aged 75 years or older with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospital-acquired pneumonia. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:1015-21
  • Bauer LA, Black DJ, Lill JS. Vancomycin dosing in morbidly obese patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998;54(8):621-5
  • Vance-Bryan K, Guay DR, Gilliland SS, et al. Effect of obesity on vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters as determined by using a Bayesian forecasting technique. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37(3):436-40
  • Pai MP, Bearden DT. Antimicrobial dosing considerations in obese adult patients. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(8):1081-91
  • Wurtz R, Itokazu G, Rodvold K. Antimicrobial dosing in obese patients. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25(1):112-18
  • Cheymol G. Effects of obesity on pharmacokinetics implications for drug therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39(3):215-31
  • Bearden DT, Rodvold KA. Dosage adjustments for antibacterials in obese patients: applying clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;38(5):415-26
  • Lortholary O, Lefort A, Tod M, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in the management of febrile neutropenia. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8(10):612-20
  • Le Normand Y, Milpied N, Kergueris MF, Harousseau JL. Pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin for therapeutic regimens in neutropenic adult patients. Int J Biomed Comput 1994;36(1-2):121-5
  • Buelga DS, del Mar Fernandez de Gatta M, Herrera EV, et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with hematological malignancies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(12):4934-41
  • Omote S, Yano Y, Hashida T, et al. A retrospective analysis of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in Japanese cancer and non-cancer patients based on routine trough monitoring data. Biol Pharm Bull 2009;32(1):99-104
  • Al-Kofide H, Zaghloul I, Al-Naim L. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult cancer patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2010;16(4):245-50
  • Zhao W, Zhang D, Fakhoury M, et al. Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Vancomycin in Children with Malignant Hematological Disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;58(6):3191-9
  • Krivoy N, Peleg S, Postovsky S, Ben Arush MW. Pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in steady state in pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1998;15(4):333-8
  • Sadoh S, Tsuji Y, Tsukamoto K. [Correlation of pharmacokinetic parameters with serum vancomycin concentration in elderly patients with malignancies]. Yakugaku Zasshi 2010;130(1):69-73
  • Fernandez de Gatta Mdel M, Santos Buelga D, Sanchez Navarro A, et al. Vancomycin dosage optimization in patients with malignant haematological disease by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2009;48(4):273-80
  • Ghehi MT, Rezaee S, Hayatshahi A, et al. Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2013;7(4):1-9
  • Rolston KV. Challenges in the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with cancer and neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(Suppl 4):S246-52
  • DelDot ME, Lipman J, Tett SE. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004;58(3):259-68
  • Udy AA, Covajes C, Taccone FS, et al. Can population pharmacokinetic modelling guide vancomycin dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013;41(6):564-8
  • van de Vijsel LM, Walker SA, Walker SE, et al. Initial vancomycin dosing recommendations for critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Can J Hosp Pharm 2010;63(3):196-206
  • Beumier M, Roberts JA, Kabtouri H, et al. A new regimen for continuous infusion of vancomycin during continuous renal replacement therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013;68(12):2859-65
  • Chaijamorn W, Jitsurong A, Wiwattanawongsa K, et al. Vancomycin clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011;38(2):152-6
  • Roberts JA, Lipman J. Pharmacokinetic issues for antibiotics in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Med 2009;37(3):840-51; quiz 859
  • Covajes C, Scolletta S, Penaccini L, et al. Continuous infusion of vancomycin in septic patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013;41(3):261-6
  • Petejova N, Martinek A, Zahalkova J, et al. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics during high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critically ill septic patients. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014;158(1):65-72
  • Wilson FP, Berns JS. Vancomycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic during continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Clin Nephrol 2012;77(4):329-31
  • Thomas S, Cantrill S, Waghorn DJ, McIntyre A. The role of screening and antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of percutaneous gastrostomy site infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25(5):593-7
  • Solis A, Brown D, Hughes J, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with cystic fibrosis: an eradication protocol. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003;36(3):189-95
  • Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Patient Registry 2008 annual report. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; Bethesda, MD, USA: 2009
  • Dasenbrook EC, Merlo CA, Diener-West M, et al. Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and rate of FEV1 decline in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178(8):814-21
  • Pleasants RA, Michalets EL, Williams DM, et al. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40(1):186-90
  • Healy DP, Polk RE, Garson ML, et al. Comparison of steady-state pharmacokinetics of two dosage regimens of vancomycin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31(3):393-7
  • Naqvi SH, Keenan WJ, Reichley RM, Fortune KP. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in small, seriously ill infants. Am J Dis Child 1986;140(2):107-10
  • Chang D. Influence of malignancy on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14(8):667-73
  • Lamarre P, Lebel D, Ducharme MP. A population pharmacokinetic model for vancomycin in pediatric patients and its predictive value in a naive population. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44(2):278-82
  • Stockmann C, Sherwin CM, Zobell JT, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of intermittent vancomycin in children with cystic fibrosis. Pharmacotherapy 2013;33(12):1288-96
  • Rodvold KA, Blum RA, Fischer JH, et al. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with various degrees of renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988;32(6):848-52
  • Polard E, Le Bouquin V, Le Corre P, et al. Non steady state and steady state PKS Bayesian forecasting and vancomycin pharmacokinetics in ICU adult patients. Ther Drug Monit 1999;21(4):395-403
  • Ito MK, Duren LL, Simonian JS, et al. Computer dosing program for the initiation of vancomycin therapy. Clin Pharm 1993;12(2):126-30
  • Roberts JA, Lipman J, Blot S, Rello J. Better outcomes through continuous infusion of time-dependent antibiotics to critically ill patients? Curr Opin Crit Care 2008;14(4):390-6
  • Pea F, Furlanut M, Negri C, et al. Prospectively validated dosing nomograms for maximizing the pharmacodynamics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53(5):1863-7
  • Chua K, Howden BP. Treating Gram-positive infections: vancomycin update and the whys, wherefores and evidence base for continuous infusion of anti-Gram-positive antibiotics. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009;22(6):525-34
  • McKenzie C. Antibiotic dosing in critical illness. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66(Suppl 2):ii25-31
  • Saugel B, Nowack MC, Hapfelmeier A, et al. Continuous intravenous administration of vancomycin in medical intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care 2013;28(1):9-13
  • Schaible DH, Rocci ML Jr, Alpert GA, et al. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in infants: relationships to indices of maturation. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986;5(3):304-8

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.