233
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic evaluation of anti-infective agents

&
Pages 361-373 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Gould IM, MacKenzie FM. Antibiotic exposure as a risk factor for emergence of resistance: the influence of concentration. J. Appl. Microbiol. 92(Suppl.), S78–S84 (2002).
  • Andes D, Anon J, Jacobs MR, Craig WA. Application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infections. Clin. Lab. Med. 24(2), 477–502 (2004).
  • Preston SL. The importance of appropriate antimicrobial dosing: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Ann. Pharmacother. 38(9 Suppl.), S14–S18 (2004).
  • MacGowan AP. Role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: does the dose matter? Clin. Infect. Dis. 33(Suppl. 3), S238–S230 (2001).
  • Vinks AA. The application of population pharmacokinetic modeling to individualized antibiotic therapy. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 19, 313–322 (2002).
  • Hochhaus G, Barrett JS, Derendorf H. Evolution of pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/dynamic correlations during the 20th century. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40(9), 908–917 (2000).
  • Derendorf H, Lesko LJ, Chaikin P et al. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in drug research and development. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40(12 Pt 2), 1399–1418 (2000).
  • Derendorf H, Meibohm B. Modeling of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships: concepts and perspectives. Pharm. Res. 16(2), 176–185 (1999).
  • Mouton JW, Dudley MN, Cars O, Derendorf H, Drusano GL. Standardization of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) terminology for anti-infective drugs. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 19(4), 355–358 (2002).
  • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Approved Standard M7–A6: Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Sixth Edition. Wayne, PA, USA (2003).
  • Delacher S, Derendorf H, Hollenstein U et al. A combined in vivo pharmacokinetic-in vitro pharmacodynamic approach to simulate target site pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in humans. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 46(5), 733–739 (2000).
  • Mueller M, de la Pena A, Derendorf H. Issues in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-infective agents: kill-curve versus MIC. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48(2), 369–377 (2004).
  • Craig WA. Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials: general concepts and applications. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds). Marcel Dekker, NY, USA, 1–22 (2002).
  • Kim MK, Nicolau DP. Aminoglycoside pharmacodynamics. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds). Marcel-Dekker, NY, USA, 125–153 (2002).
  • Owens Jr RC, Ambrose PG. Pharmacodynamics of quinolones. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds). Marcel Dekker, NY, USA, 155–176 (2002).
  • McNabb JJ, Bui KQ. β-lactam pharmacodynamics. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds). Marcel-Dekker, NY, USA (2002).
  • Nightingale CH, Matteos HM. Macrolide, azalide, and ketolide pharmacodynamics. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds), Marcel-Dekker, NY, USA (2002).
  • Cunha BA, Matteos HM. Tetracycline pharmacodynamics. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale CH, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds), Marcel-Dekker, NY, USA (2002).
  • Ross GH, Wright DH, Rotschafer JC, Ibrahim KH. Glycopeptide pharmacodynamics. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds), Marcel-Dekker, NY, USA (2002).
  • Xuan D, Nicolau DP, Nightingale CH. Population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in hospitalized patients receiving once-daily dosing. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 23, 291–295 (2004).
  • Buijk SE, Gyssen IC, Mouton JW et al. Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in serum and peritoneal exudate during continuous versus intermittent administration to patients with severe intra-abdominal infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 49, 121–128 (2002).
  • Mouton JW, Hoffman-Schmitt A, Shapiro S, Nashed N, Nieko CP. Use of Monte Carlo simulations to select therapeutic doses provisional breakpoints of BAL9141. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48(5), 1713–1718 (2004).
  • Sanchez-Navarro A, Colino CI, Sanchez-Recio MM. A retrospective analysis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters as indicators of clinical efficacy of ceftazidime. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 40, 124–134 (2001).
  • Dudley MN, Ambrose PG. Pharmacodynamics in the study of drug resistance and establishing in vitro susceptibility breakpoints ready for primetime. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3, 515–521 (2000).
  • Nicolau DP. Optimizing outcomes with antimicrobial therapy through pharmacodynamic profiling. J. Infect. Chemother. 9, 292–296 (2003).
  • Griffith D, Dudley MN. Pharmacodynamics of RWJ-333441 (MC-04,546) when administered as the l-aspartyl prodrug RWJ-333442 against S. aureus in the neutropenic mouse thigh model. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology. Toronto, CA, USA (2000).
  • Dalhoff A, Schmitz FJ. In vitro antibacterial activity and pharmacodynamics of new quinolones. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 22(4), 203–221 (2003).
  • Safdar N, Andes D, Craig WA. In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of daptomycin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48(1), 63–68 (2004).
  • Kashuba AD, Nafzinger AN, Drusano GL, Bertino JS. Optimizing aminoglycoside therapy for nosocomial pneumoniae caused by gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 623–629 (1999).
  • Sanchez-Navarro A, Sanchez Recio MM. Basis of anti-infective therapy: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic criteria and methodology for dual dosage individualization. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 37(4), 289–304 (1999).
  • Schentag JJ, Meagher AK, Forrest A. Fluoroquinolone AUIC breakpoints and the link to bacterial killing rates. Part 2: human trials. Ann. Pharmacother. 37, 1478–1488 (2003).
  • Schentag JJ, Meagher AK, Forrest A. Fluoroquinolone AUIC breakpoints and the link to bacterial killing rates. Part I: in vitro and animal models. Ann. Pharmacother. 37, 1287–1298 (2003).
  • Schentag JJ. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic surrogate markers: studies with fluoroquinolones in patients. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 56(22 Suppl. 3), S21–S24 (1999).
  • Schentag JJ. Antimicrobial action and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics: the use of AUIC to improve efficacy and avoid resistance. J. Chemother. 11(6), 426–439 (1999).
  • Sanchez-Recio MM, Colino CI, Sanchez-Navarro A. A retrospective analysis of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices as indicators of the clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 45(3), 321–328 (2000).
  • Dalhoff A. Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 43(Suppl. B), 51–59 (1999).
  • Smith P, Ballow CH, Booker BM, Forrest A, Schentag JJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aztreonam and tobramycin in hospitalized patients. Clin. Ther. 23(8), 1231–1244 (2001).
  • Cha R, Grucz Jr RG, Rybak MJ. Daptomycin dose-effect relationship against resistant Gram-positive organisms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47(5), 1598–1603 (2003).
  • Forrest A, Nix DE, Ballow CH et al. Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37(5), 1073–1081 (1993).
  • Craig WA. Does the dose matter? Clin. Infect. Dis. 33(Suppl. 3), S233–S237 (2001).
  • Ambrose PG, Grasela DM, Grasela TH et al. Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones agaisnt Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 2793–2797 (2001).
  • Lacy ML, Lu W, Nicolau DP, Quintiliani R, Nightingale CH. Pharmacodynamic comparisons of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro model of infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 79–86 (1999).
  • Lister PD, Sanders CC. Pharmacodynamics of trovafloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 1118–1123 (1999).
  • Schentag JJ, Gilliland KK, Paladino JA. What have we learned from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic theories? Clin. Infect. Dis. 32(Suppl. 1), S39–S46 (2001).
  • Amsden GW, Owens Jr RC, Bertino JS. AUIC in humans: a fact-based discussion. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37(10), 1518–1521 (2003).
  • Brunner M, Stass H, Moller JG et al. Target site concentrations of ciprofloxacin after single intravenous and oral doses. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(12), 3724–3730 (2002).
  • de la Pena A, Dalla Costa T, Talton JD et al. Penetration of cefaclor into the interstitial space fluid of skeletal muscle and lung tissue in rats. Pharm. Res. 18(9), 1310–1314 (2001).
  • Joukhadar C, Derendorf H, Muller M. Microdialysis. A novel tool for clinical studies of anti-infective agents. Eur J. Clin. Pharmacol. 57(3), 211–219 (2001).
  • Liu P, Muller M, Derendorf H. Rational dosing of antibiotics: the use of plasma concentrations versus tissue concentrations. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 19(4), 285–290 (2002).
  • Liu P. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefpodoxime and cefixime. Department of Pharmaceutics. Doctoral thesis. Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, FL, USA, 176 (2002).
  • Liu Q. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Antibiotics and Resistance. Department of Pharmaceutics. Doctoral thesis. University of Florida, FL, USA, 117 (2004).
  • Meagher AK, Forrest A, Dalhoff A, Stass H, Schentag JJ. Novel pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for prediction of outcomes with an extended-release formulation of ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48(6), 2061–2068 (2004).
  • Dudley MN, Griffith D. Animal models of infection for the study of antibiotic pharmacodynamics. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose PG (Eds). Marcel-Dekker, NY, USA (2002).
  • Andes D, Craig WA. Animal model pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: a critical review. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 19(4), 261–268 (2002).
  • Liu Q, Rand K, Derendorf H. Impact of tazobactam pharmacokinetics on the antimicrobial effect of piperacillin-tazobactam combinations. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 23(5), 494–497 (2004).
  • Zinner SH, Firsov AA. In vitro dynamic model for determining the comparative pharmacology of fluoroquinolones. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 56(22 Suppl. 3), S12–S15 (1999).
  • de la Pena A, Graebe A, Rand KH et al. PK-PD modeling of the effect of cefaclor on four different bacterial strains. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 23, 218–225 (2004).
  • Nolting A, Dalla Costa T, Rand K, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the in vitro antibiotic effect of piperacillin in vitro. Pharm. Res. 13(1), 91–96 (1996).
  • Dalhoff A, MacGowan A, Cars O et al. Comparative evaluation of seven different in vitro pharmacodynamic models of infection. 43rd Interscience Conference of Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology. Chicago, IL, USA (2003).
  • Schuck EL, Dalhoff A, Stass H, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) evaluation of a once-daily treatment using ciprofloxacin in a modified release (MR) dosage form. Infection (2005) (In Press).
  • Schuck EL, Dalhoff A, Stass H, Derendorf H. Modeling the biphasic killing kinetics of quinolones. 2004 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition. AAPS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (2003).
  • MacGowan A, Rogers C, Bowker K. The use of in vitro pharmacodynamic models of infection to optimize fluoroquinolone dosing regimens. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 46, 163–170 (2000).
  • Rybak M, Allen GP, Hershberger E. In vitro antibiotic pharmacodynamics models. In: Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. Nightingale C, Marakawa T, Ambrose P (Eds). Marcel-Dekker, NY, USA 41–65 (2002).
  • Khunvichai A. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Faropenem Daloxate. Doctoral thesis. Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 157 (2003).
  • Carret G, Flandrois JP, Lobry JR. Biphasic kinetics of bacterial killing by quinolones. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 27, 319–327 (1991).
  • Rapp RP, Campion JJ. Challenges in pharmacodynamic studies of antimicrobial resistance. Ann. Pharmacother. 37, 1329–1330 (2003).
  • Campion JJ, Evans M, McNamara P. Pharmacodynamic modeling of ciprofloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition. Toronto, Canada (2002).
  • Muller M, Brenner M, Hollenstein U et al. Tissue penetration of ciprofloxacin into the interstitial space of inflamed foot lesions in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patient. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 2056–2058 (1999).
  • Müller M, Eichler H-G. Tissue pharmacokinetics during early clinical drug development. Applied clinical trials. 45(5), 56–60 (1999).
  • Firsov AA, Zinner SH, Lubenko IY, Portnoy YA, Vostrov SN. Simulated in vitro quinolone pharmacodynamics at clinically achievable AUC/MIC ratios: advantage of I E over other integral parameters. Chemotherapy 48(6), 275–279 (2002).
  • Firsov AA, Zinner SH, Vostrov SN, Portnoy YA, Lubenko IY. AUC/MIC relationships to different endpoints of the antimicrobial effect: multiple-dose in vitro simulations with moxifloxacin and levofloxacin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 50(4), 533–539 (2002).
  • Firsov AA, Lubenko IY, Portnoy YA, Zinner SH, Vostrov SN. Relationships of the area under the curve/MIC ratio to different integral endpoints of the antimicrobial effect: gemifloxacin pharmacodynamics in an in vitro dynamic model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(3), 927–931 (2001).
  • Trujillo M, Correa N, Olsen K et al. Cefprozil concentrations in middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media. Pedriatr. Infect. Dis. J. 19(3), 268–269 (2000).
  • Ambrose PG, Grasela DM. The use of Monte Carlo simulation to examine pharmacodynamic variance of drugs: fluoroquinolone pharmacodynamics against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Diag. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 38, 151–157 (2000).
  • Castanheira M, Gales AC, Mendes RE, Jones RN, Sader HS. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Latin America: results from five years of the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 10(7), 645–651 (2004).
  • Kuti JL, Florea NR, Nightingale CH, Nicolau DP. Pharmacodynamics of meropenem and imipenem against Enterobacteriaceae, Acetinobacter baumanii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmacotherapy 24(1), 8–15 (2004).
  • Drusano GL, Preston SL, Hardalo C et al. Use of preclinical data for selection of a phase II/III dose for evernimicin and identification of a preclinical MIC breakpoint. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(1), 13–22 (2001).
  • Tam VH, McKinnon PS, Akins RL, Drusano GL, Rybak MJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime in patients with various degrees of renal function. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47(6), 1853–1861 (2003).
  • Ambrose PG, Bhavnani SM, Cirincione BB, Piedmonte M, Grasela TH. Gatifloxacin and the elderly: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic rationale for a potential age-related dose reduction. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 52, 435–440 (2003).
  • Joukhadar C, Frossard M, Mayer BX et al. Impaired target site penetration of β-lactams may account for the therapeutic failure in patients with septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 29(2), 385–391 (2001).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.