Colorectal tissue engineering: prerequisites, current status and perspectives

References

• Langer R, Vacanti JP. Tissue engineering. Science 260(5110), 920–926 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baquey C, Dupuy B. Organes Artificiels Hybrides: Concepts et Developpement: BIOMAT 88. Centre hospitalo-universitaire Xavier Arnozan, Bordeaux, 18–19 October 1988. Editions de l’Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris, France (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Atala A, Bauer SB, Soker S, Yoo JJ, Retik AB. Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for patients needing cystoplasty. Lancet 367(9518), 1241–1246 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabkin E, Schoen FJ. Cardiovascular tissue engineering. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 11(6), 305–317 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freed LE, Guilak F, Guo XE et al. Advanced tools for tissue engineering: scaffolds, bioreactors, and signaling. Tissue Eng. 12(12), 3285–3305 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riha GM, Lin PH, Lumsden AB, Yao Q, Chen C. Review: application of stem cells for vascular tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. 11(9-10), 1535–1552 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker SC, Southgate J. Towards control of smooth muscle cell differentiation in synthetic 3D scaffolds. Biomaterials 29(23), 3357–3366 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissell MJ, Hall HG, Parry G. How does the extracellular matrix direct gene expression? J. Theor. Biol. 99(1), 31–68 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudreau N, Myers C, Bissell MJ. From laminin to lamin: regulation of tissue-specific gene expression by the ECM. Trends Cell Biol. 5(1), 1–4 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingber D. Extracellular matrix and cell shape: potential control points for inhibition of angiogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 47(3), 236–241 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contieri E, Magnifico G, Ruotolo C, Petrocelli MP, Di Prisco B, Salvatore G. The use of prosthetic material in the repair of gastric and colonic gaps in the rat. Chir. Patol. Sper. 28(2), 80–86 (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Oh DS, Manning MM, Emmanuel J, Broyles SE, Stone HH. Repair of full-thickness defects in alimentary tract wall with patches of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. Ann. Surg. 235(5), 708–711; discussion 711 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi RS, Riegler M, Pothoulakis C et al. Studies of brush border enzymes, basement membrane components, and electrophysiology of tissue-engineered neointestine. J. Pediatr. Surg. 33(7), 991–996; discussion 996 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaihara S, Kim SS, Kim BS, Mooney D, Tanaka K, Vacanti JP. Long-term follow-up of tissue-engineered intestine after anastomosis to native small bowel. Transplantation 69(9), 1927–1932 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Kim SS, Kaihara S, Benvenuto MS et al. Effects of anastomosis of tissue-engineered neointestine to native small bowel. J. Surg. Res. 87(1), 6–13 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organ GM, Mooney DJ, Hansen LK, Schloo B, Vacanti JP. Transplantation of enterocytes utilizing polymer-cell constructs to produce a neointestine. Transplant. Proc. 24(6), 3009–3011 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala FG, Kunisaki SM, Ochoa ER, Vacanti J, Grikscheit TC. Tissue-engineered small intestine and stomach form from autologous tissue in a preclinical large animal model. J. Surg. Res. 156(2), 205–212 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grikscheit TC, Ochoa ER, Ramsanahie A et al. Tissue-engineered large intestine resembles native colon with appropriate in vitro physiology and architecture. Ann. Surg. 238(1), 35–41 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grikscheit TC, Ogilvie JB, Ochoa ER, Alsberg E, Mooney D, Vacanti JP. Tissue-engineered colon exhibits function in vivo. Surgery 132(2), 200–204 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henne-Bruns D, Kreischer HP, Schmiegelow P, Kremer B. Reinforcement of colon anastomoses with polyglycolic acid mesh: an experimental study. Eur. Surg. Res. 22(4), 224–230 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marescaux JF, Aprahamian M, Mutter D et al. Prevention of anastomosis leakage: an artificial connective tissue. Br. J. Surg. 78(4), 440–444 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Mutter D, Aprahamian M, Damge C, Sonzini P, Marescaux J. Biomaterial supports for colonic wall defect healing. An experimental study in the rat. Biomaterials 17(14), 1411–1415 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Nocca D, Aggarwal R, Deneve E et al. Use of collagen wrap from bovine origin for the management of colic perforation. Preliminary study in a pig model. J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. A 19(1), 79–83 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Ozel SK, Kazez A, Akpolat N. Does a fibrin–collagen patch support early anastomotic healing in the colon? An experimental study. Tech. Coloproctol. 10(3), 233–236 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Badylak S, Meurling S, Chen M, Spievack A, Simmons-Byrd A. Resorbable bioscaffold for esophageal repair in a dog model. J. Pediatr. Surg. 35(7), 1097–1103 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen M, Ponsky J, Petras R, Fanning A, Brody F, Duperier F. Small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for biliary tract regeneration. Surgery 132(3), 480–486 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De La Fuente SG, Gottfried MR, Lawson DC, Harris MB, Mantyh CR, Pappas TN. Evaluation of porcine-derived small intestine submucosa as a biodegradable graft for gastrointestinal healing. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 7(1), 96–101 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Ueno T, Oga A, Takahashi T, Pappas TN. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in the repair of a cecal wound in unprepared bowel in rats. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 11(7), 918–922 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Hoeppner J, Crnogorac V, Marjanovic G et al. Small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for tissue regeneration in defects of the colonic wall. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 13(1), 113–119 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Badylak S, Kokini K, Tullius B, Whitson B. Strength over time of a resorbable bioscaffold for body wall repair in a dog model. J. Surg. Res. 99(2), 282–287 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Record RD, Hillegonds D, Simmons C et al. In vivo degradation of 14C-labeled small intestinal submucosa (SIS) when used for urinary bladder repair. Biomaterials 22(19), 2653–2659 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badylak SF, Vorp DA, Spievack AR et al. Esophageal reconstruction with ECM and muscle tissue in a dog model. J. Surg. Res. 128(1), 87–97 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan D, Kropp BP, Lin HK, Zhang Y, Cowan R, Madihally SV. Physical characteristics of small intestinal submucosa scaffolds are location-dependent. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 73(1), 90–96 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelberg I, Kohn J. Physico-mechanical properties of degradable polymers used in medical applications: a comparative study. Biomaterials 12(3), 292–304 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon JJ, Park TG. Degradation behaviors of biodegradable macroporous scaffolds prepared by gas foaming of effervescent salts. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 55(3), 401–408 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue L, Greisler HP. Biomaterials in the development and future of vascular grafts. J. Vasc. Surg. 37(2), 472–480 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence BJ, Maase EL, Lin HK, Madihally SV. Multilayer composite scaffolds with mechanical properties similar to small intestinal submucosa. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 88(3), 634–643 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Badylak SF, Vorp DA, Spievack AR et al. Esophageal reconstruction with ECM and muscle tissue in a dog model. J. Surg. Res. 128(1), 87–97 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei RQ, Tan B, Tan MY et al. Grafts of porcine small intestinal submucosa with cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cells for esophageal repair in a canine model. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 234(4), 453–461 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vacanti JP, Morse MA, Saltzman WM, Domb AJ, Perez-Atayde A, Langer R. Selective cell transplantation using bioabsorbable artificial polymers as matrices. J. Pediatr. Surg. 23(1 Pt 2), 3–9 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Föllmann W, Weber S, Birkner S. Primary cell cultures of bovine colon epithelium: isolation and cell culture of colonocytes. Toxicol. In Vitro 14(5), 435–445 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Grossmann J, Walther K, Artinger M et al. Progress on isolation and short-term ex-vivo culture of highly purified non-apoptotic human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Eur. J. Cell Biol. 82(5), 262–270 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm A, Jahns F, Böcker S, Mothes H, Greulich KO, Glei M. Culturing explanted colon crypts highly improves viability of primary non-transformed human colon epithelial cells. Toxicol. In Vitro 26(1), 133–141 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra DP, Dombkowski AA, Stemmer PM, Parker GC. Intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Stem Cells Dev. 19(1), 131–142 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakase Y, Hagiwara A, Nakamura T et al. Tissue engineering of small intestinal tissue using collagen sponge scaffolds seeded with smooth muscle cells. Tissue Eng. 12(2), 403–412 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin HH, Dunn JC. Small intestinal submucosa seeded with intestinal smooth muscle cells in a rodent jejunal interposition model. J. Surg. Res. 171(1), e21–e26 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan S, Lam MT, Foster LL et al. Bioengineered three-dimensional physiological model of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle in vitro. Tissue Eng. Part C. Methods 16(5), 999–1009 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan S, Gilmont RR, Miyasaka EA et al. Successful implantation of bioengineered, intrinsically innervated, human internal anal sphincter. Gastroenterology 141(1), 310–319 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Read TE, Andujar JE, Caushaj PF et al. Neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: histologic response of the primary tumor predicts nodal status. Dis. Colon Rectum 47(6), 825–831 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Påhlman L, Bohe M, Cedermark B et al. The Swedish rectal cancer registry. Br. J. Surg. 94(10), 1285–1292 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters KC, van de Velde CJ, Leer JW et al. Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients – a Dutch colorectal cancer group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(25), 6199–6206 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marijnen CA, van de Velde CJ, Putter H et al. Impact of short-term preoperative radiotherapy on health-related quality of life and sexual functioning in primary rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(9), 1847–1858 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks JH, Valsdottir EB, DeNittis A et al. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of rectal cancer: comparison of wound complication rates with and without neoadjuvant radiation therapy. Surg. Endosc. 23(5), 1081–1087 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez RO. Predicting response to neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: a step toward individualized medicine. Dis. Colon Rectum 54(9), 1057–1058 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Ito M, Sugito M, Kobayashi A, Nishizawa Y, Tsunoda Y, Saito N. Relationship between multiple numbers of stapler firings during rectal division and anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 23(7), 703–707 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthiessen P, Hallböök O, Andersson M, Rutegård J, Sjödahl R. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of the rectum. Colorectal Dis. 6(6), 462–469 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stumpf M, Klinge U, Wilms A et al. Changes of the extracellular matrix as a risk factor for anastomotic leakage after large bowel surgery. Surgery 137(2), 229–234 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohsiriwat V. Persistent perineal sinus: incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management. Surg. Today 39(3), 189–193 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Olmo D, Garcia-Arranz M, Herreros D. Expanded adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistula including Crohn’s disease. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 8(9), 1417–1423 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Olmo D, Herreros D, Pascual I et al. Expanded adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistula: a Phase II clinical trial. Dis. Colon Rectum 52(1), 79–86 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meagher AP, Farouk R, Dozois RR, Kelly KA, Pemberton JH. J ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis: complications and long-term outcome in 1310 patients. Br. J. Surg. 85(6), 800–803 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ståhlberg D, Gullberg K, Liljeqvist L, Hellers G, Löfberg R. Pouchitis following pelvic pouch operation for ulcerative colitis. Incidence, cumulative risk, and risk factors. Dis. Colon Rectum 39(9), 1012–1018 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonkalsrud EW, Bustorff-Silva J. Reconstruction for chronic dysfunction of ileoanal pouches. Ann. Surg. 229(2), 197–204 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd NA. The pelvic ileal reservoir: apocalypse later? BMJ 301(6757), 886–887 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng H, Leblond CP. Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine. V. Unitarian theory of the origin of the four epithelial cell types. Am. J. Anat. 141(4), 537–561 (1974).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barker N, van Es JH, Kuipers J et al. Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5. Nature 449(7165), 1003–1007 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 13(12), 4279–4295 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andoh A, Bamba S, Fujiyama Y, Brittan M, Wright NA. Colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts in mucosal inflammation and repair: contribution of bone marrow-derived stem cells to the gut regenerative response. J. Gastroenterol. 40(12), 1089–1099 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadauchi A, Narita Y, Kagami H, Niwa Y, Ueda M, Goto H. Novel cell-based therapeutic strategy for ischemic colitis with use of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells in rats. Dis. Colon Rectum 52(8), 1443–1451 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Adas G, Arikan S, Karatepe O et al. Mesenchymal stem cells improve the healing of ischemic colonic anastomoses (experimental study). Langenbecks. Arch. Surg. 396(1), 115–126 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori Y, Nakamura T, Kimura D et al. Experimental study on tissue engineering of the small intestine by mesenchymal stem cell seeding. J. Surg. Res. 102(2), 156–160 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sîrbu-Boeti MP, Chivu M, Pâslaru LL et al. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on biomatrix support induces repairing of digestive tract defects, in animal model. Chirurgia (Bucur) 104(1), 55–65 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Trebol Lopez J, Georgiev Hristov T, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Stem cell therapy for digestive tract diseases: current state and future perspectives. Stem Cells Dev. 20(7), 1113–1129 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Du XF, Kwon SK, Song JJ, Cho CG, Park SW. Tracheal reconstruction by mesenchymal stem cells with small intestine submucosa in rabbits. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 76(3), 345–351 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Ma L, Yang Y, Sikka SC et al. Adipose tissue-derived stem cell-seeded small intestinal submucosa for tunica albuginea grafting and reconstruction. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109(6), 2090–2095 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi C, Zhu Y, Ran X, Wang M, Su Y, Cheng T. Therapeutic potential of chitosan and its derivatives in regenerative medicine. J. Surg. Res. 133(2), 185–192 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citgez B, Cengiz AN, Akgun I et al. Effects of chitosan on healing and strength of colonic anastomosis in rats. Acta Cir. Bras. 27(10), 707–712 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauto A. Integration of extracellular matrix with chitosan adhesive film for sutureless tissue fixation. Lasers Surg. Med. 41(5), 366–371 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Lauto A, Mawad D, Barton M, Gupta A, Piller SC, Hook J. Photochemical tissue bonding with chitosan adhesive films. Biomed. Eng. Online 9, 47 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal R, Günzel D, Finger C et al. The effect of chitosan on transcellular and paracellular mechanisms in the intestinal epithelial barrier. Biomaterials 33(9), 2791–2800 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakhem E, Raghavan S, Gilmont RR, Bitar KN. Chitosan-based scaffolds for the support of smooth muscle constructs in intestinal tissue engineering. Biomaterials 33(19), 4810–4817 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar