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Review

Advances in supraglottic airway devices for the management of difficult airways in children

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Pages 157-169 | Received 29 Oct 2015, Accepted 21 Dec 2015, Published online: 29 Jan 2016

References

  • Papers of special note have been highlighted as:
  • • of interest
  • •• of considerable interest
  • Timmermann A. Supraglottic airways in difficult airway management: successes, failures, use and misuse. Anaesthesia. 2011;66(Suppl 2):45–56.
  • Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Caplan RA, et al. Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists TaskForce on Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology. 2013;118:251–270.

•• Updated recommendations for difficult airway management based on current available evidence and survey of expert consultants.

•• Pediatric specific guidelines for the management of the difficult airway in children.

  • Langeron O, Masso E, Huraux C, et al. Prediction of difficult mask ventilation. Anesthesiology. 2000;92:1229–1236.
  • Jagannathan N, Sohn LE, Mankoo R, et al. A randomized crossover comparison between the Laryngeal Mask Airway-Unique™ and the air-Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22:161–167.
  • Jagannathan N, Kozlowski RJ, Sohn LE, et al. A clinical evaluation of the intubating laryngeal airway as a conduit for tracheal intubation in children. Anesth Analg. 2011;112:176–182.
  • Sinha R, Chandralekha, Ray BR. Evaluation of air-QTM intubating laryngeal airway as a conduit for tracheal intubation in infants–a pilot study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22:156–160.
  • Jagannathan N, Roth AG, Sohn LE, et al. The new air-QTM intubating laryngeal airway for tracheal intubation in children with anticipated difficult airway: a case series. Paediatr Anaesth. 2009;19:618–622.
  • Jagannathan N, Kho MF, Kozlowski RJ, et al. Retrospective audit of the air-Q intubating laryngeal airway as a conduit for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients with a difficult airway. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011;21:422–427.
  • Jagannathan N, Sohn LE, Sawardekar A, et al. A randomized trial comparing the Ambu® Aura-i TM with the air-Q TM intubating laryngeal airway as conduits for tracheal intubation in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22:1197–1204.
  • Jagannathan N, Sohn L, Ramsey M, et al. A randomized comparison between the i-gelTM and the air-QTM supraglottic airways when used by anesthesiology trainees as conduits for tracheal intubation in children. Can J Anaesth J Can Anesth. 2015;62:587–594.
  • Jagannathan N, Sohn LE, Eidem JM. Use of the air-Q intubating laryngeal airway for rapid-sequence intubation in infants with severe airway obstruction: a case series. Anaesthesia. 2013;68:636–638.
  • Fiadjoe JE, Stricker PA. The air-Q intubating laryngeal airway in neonates with difficult airways. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011;21:702–703.
  • Kleine-Brueggeney M, Nicolet A, Nabecker S, et al. Blind intubation of anaesthetised children with supraglottic airway devices AmbuAura-i and Air-Q cannot be recommended: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32:631–639.
  • Jagannathan N, Sequera-Ramos L, Sohn L, et al. Elective use of supraglottic airway devices for primary airway management in children with difficult airways. Br J Anaesth. 2014;112:742–748.

• Describes a large series of patients where a supraglottic airway was chosen for maintaining anesthesia in children with difficult airways vs tracheal intubation.

  • Van Zundert TCRV, Brimacombe JR, Ferson DZ, et al. Archie Brain: celebrating 30 years of development in laryngeal mask airways. Anaesthesia. 2012;67:1375–1385.
  • Wong DT, Yang JJ, Mak HY, et al. Use of intubation introducers through a supraglottic airway to facilitate tracheal intubation: a brief review. Can J Anaesth J Can Anesth. 2012;59:704–715.
  • Weinstein RA, Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: recommendations for disinfection and sterilization. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2001;32:1348–1356.
  • Lopez-Gil M, Brimacombe J, Alvarez M. Safety and efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway. A prospective survey of 1400 children. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:969–972.
  • Mathis MR, Haydar B, Taylor EL, et al. Failure of the Laryngeal Mask Airway UniqueTM and ClassicTM in the pediatric surgical patient: a study of clinical predictors and outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2013;119:1284–1295.

•• Describes the risk factors associated with SGA failure in the pediatric surgical population.

  • Walker RW, Allen DL, Rothera MR. A fibreoptic intubation technique for children with mucopolysaccharidoses using the laryngeal mask airway. Paediatr Anaesth. 1997;7:421–426.
  • Inada T, Fujise K, Tachibana K, et al. Orotracheal intubation through the laryngeal mask airway in paediatric patients with Treacher-Collins syndrome. Paediatr Anaesth. 1995;5:129–132.
  • Asai T, Nagata A, Shingu K. Awake tracheal intubation through the laryngeal mask in neonates with upper airway obstruction. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18:77–80.
  • Paterson SJ, Byrne PJ, Molesky MG, et al. Neonatal resuscitation using the laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesiology. 1994;80:1248–1253; discussion 27A.
  • Gandini D, Brimacombe JR. Neonatal resuscitation with the laryngeal mask airway in normal and low birth weight infants. Anesth Analg. 1999;89:642–643.
  • Trevisanuto D, Ferrarese P, Zanardo V, et al. Laryngeal mask airway in neonatal resuscitation: a survey of current practice and perceived role by anaesthesiologists and paediatricians. Resuscitation. 2004;60:291–296.
  • Trevisanuto D, Micaglio M, Pitton M, et al. Laryngeal mask airway: is the management of neonates requiring positive pressure ventilation at birth changing? Resuscitation. 2004;62:151–157.
  • Zanardo V, Weiner G, Micaglio M, et al. Delivery room resuscitation of near-term infants: role of the laryngeal mask airway. Resuscitation. 2010;81:327–330.
  • Goldmann K, Jakob C. A randomized crossover comparison of the size 2 1/2 laryngeal mask airway ProSeal versus laryngeal mask airway-Classic in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg. 2005;100:1605–1610.
  • Shimbori H, Ono K, Miwa T, et al. Comparison of the LMA-ProSealTM and LMA-ClassicTM in children. Br J Anaesth. 2004;93:528–531.
  • Zhang X, Chen M, Li Q. The ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway is more effective than the LMA-Classic in pediatric anesthesia: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24:639–646.
  • Micaglio M, Ori C, Parotto M, et al. The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway for neonatal resuscitation: first reports. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007;17: 499; author reply 499–500.
  • Richebé P, Semjen F, Cros A-M, et al. Clinical assessment of the laryngeal tube in pediatric anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15:391–396.
  • Scheller B, Schalk R, Byhahn C, et al. Laryngeal tube suction II for difficult airway management in neonates and small infants. Resuscitation. 2009;80:805–810.
  • Asai T, Latto IP, Vaughan RS. The distance between the grille of the laryngeal mask airway and the vocal cords. Is conventional intubation through the laryngeal mask safe? Anaesthesia. 1993;48:667–669.
  • Osborn IP, Soper R. It’s a disposable LMA, just cut it shorter–for fiberoptic intubation. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:299–300.
  • Jagannathan N, Sohn LE, Sawardekar A, et al. A randomised trial comparing the laryngeal mask airway SupremeTM with the laryngeal mask airway UniqueTM in children. Anaesthesia. 2012;67:139–144.
  • Jagannathan N, Sohn L, Sommers K, et al. A randomized comparison of the laryngeal mask airway supreme™ and laryngeal mask airway unique™ in infants and children: does cuff pressure influence leak pressure? Paediatr Anaesth. 2013;23:927–933.
  • Jagannathan N, Sommers K, Sohn LE, et al. A randomized equivalence trial comparing the i-gel and laryngeal mask airway Supreme in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013;23:127–133.
  • Trevisanuto D, Cavallin F, Nguyen LN, et al. Supreme laryngeal mask airway versus face mask during neonatal resuscitation: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2015;167:286–291.e1.
  • Jagannathan N. The air-Q intubating laryngeal airway: new weight-based guidelines (Response to Dr. Parotto and colleagues). Paediatr Anaesth. 2009;19:1029–1030.
  • Vasudevan B, Dehran M, Chandran R, et al. Successful use of size 0.5 air-Q in a low birth weight neonate. J Clin Anesth. 2015;27:366–367.
  • Goyal R, Shukla RN, Kumar G. Comparison of size 2 i-gel supraglottic airway with LMA-ProSeal™ and LMA-Classic™ in spontaneously breathing children undergoing elective surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22:355–359.
  • Lee J-R, Kim M-S, Kim J-T, et al. A randomised trial comparing the i-gel (TM) with the LMA Classic (TM) in children. Anaesthesia. 2012;67:606–611.
  • Fukuhara A, Okutani R, Oda Y. A randomized comparison of the i-gel and the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in pediatric patients: performance and fiberoptic findings. J Anesth. 2013;27:1–6.
  • Kim Y-L, Seo DM, Shim KS, et al. Successful tracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope via an I-gelTM supraglottic airway in a pediatric patient with Goldenhar syndrome -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2013;65:61–65.
  • Dhanger S, Adinarayanan S, Vinayagam S, et al. I-gel assisted fiberoptic intubation in a child with Morquio′s syndrome. Saudi J Anaesth. 2015;9:217–219.
  • Hughes C, Place K, Berg S, et al. A clinical evaluation of the I-gel TM supraglottic airway device in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22:765–771.
  • Theiler LG, Kleine-Brueggeney M, Luepold B, et al. Performance of the pediatric-sized i-gel compared with the Ambu AuraOnce laryngeal mask in anesthe-tized and ventilated children. Anesthesiology. 2011;115:102–110.
  • Çiftçi T. Airway management in a pediatric patient with post-burn neck contracture using i-gel. J Clin Exp Investig. 2014;5:301–303.
  • De Lloyd LJ, Subash F, Wilkes AR, et al. A comparison of fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation through the Ambu®Aura-iTM, the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the i-gelTM: a manikin study. Anaesthesia. 2015;70:591–597.
  • Darlong V, Biyani G, Baidya DK, et al. Comparison of air-Q and Ambu Aura-i for controlled ventilation in infants: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Anesth. 2015;25:795–800.
  • Patel A, Clark SR, Schiffmiller M, et al. A survey of practice patterns in the use of laryngeal mask by pediatric anesthesiologists. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015;25:1127–1131.

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