17
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Novel therapeutic directions in Cushing’s syndrome

Pages 199-207 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Nolan LA, Thomas CK, Levy A. Pituitary mitosis and apoptotic responsiveness following adrenalectomy are independent of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus CRH input. J. Endocrinol. 181, 521–529 (2004).
  • Laws ER, Reitmeyer M, Thapar K, Vance ML. Cushing’s disease resulting from pituitary corticotrophic microadenoma. Treatment results from transsphenoidal microsurgery and gamma knife radiosurgery. Neurochirurgie 48, 294–299 (2002).
  • Tindall GT, Herring CJ, Clark RV, Adams DA, Watts NB. Cushing’s disease: results of transsphenoidal microsurgery with emphasis on surgical failures. J. Neurosurg. 72, 363–369 (1990).
  • Invitti C, Giraldi FP, de Martin M, Cavagnini F. Diagnosis and management of Cushing’s syndrome: results of an Italian multicentre study. Study Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology on the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 440–448 (1999).
  • van Aken MO, Pereira AM, Biermasz NR et al. Quality of life in patients after long-term biochemical cure of Cushing’s disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 3279–3286 (2005).
  • Sheehan JM, Vance ML, Sheehan JP, Ellegala DB, Laws ERJ. Radiosurgery for Cushing’s disease after failed transsphenoidal surgery. J. Neurosurg. 93, 738–742 (2000).
  • Chu JW, Matthias DF, Belanoff J, Schatzberg A, Hoffman AR, Feldman D. Successful long-term treatment of refractory Cushing’s disease with high-dose mifepristone (RU 486). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 3568–3573 (2001).
  • Lamberts SW, Uitterlinden P, Klijn JM. The effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 on ACTH secretion in Nelson’s syndrome and Cushing’s disease. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 120, 760–766 (1989).
  • Woodhouse NJ, Dagogo-Jack S, Ahmed M, Judzewitsch R. Acute and long-term effects of octreotide in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Am. J. Med. 95, 305–308 (1993).
  • Uwaifo GI, Koch CA, Hirshberg B et al. Is there a therapeutic role for octreotide in patients with ectopic Cushing’s syndrome? J. Endocrinol. Invest. 26, 710–717 (2003).
  • Paez-Pereda M, Kovalovsky D, Hopfner U et al. Retinoic acid prevents experimental Cushing syndrome. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 1123–1131 (2001).
  • Labeur M, Arzt E, Stalla GK, Paez Pereda M. New perspectives in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. Curr. Drug Targets Immune Endocr. Metabol. Disord. 4, 335–342 (2004).
  • Heaney AP, Fernando M, Yong WH, Melmed S. Functional PPAR-γ receptor is a novel therapeutic target for ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Nature. Med. 8, 1281–1287 (2002).
  • Heaney AP, Fernado M, Melmed S. PPAR-γ receptor ligands: novel therapy for pituitary adenomas. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 1381–1388 (2003).
  • Alevizaki M, Philippou G, Zapanti L, Alvizaki CC, Anastasiou E, Mavrikakis M. Significant improvement of recurrent pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome after administration of a PPARγ agonist. American Endocrine Society 86th Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA, 2–453 (2004).
  • Kreutzer J, Fahlbusch R. Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary tumors. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 17, 693–703 (2004).
  • Cannavo S, Ambrosi B, Chiodini I et al. Baseline and CRH-stimulated ACTH and cortisol levels after administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligand, rosiglitazone, in Cushing’s disease. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 27, 8–11 (2004).
  • Ambrosi B, Dall’Asta C, Cannavo S et al. Effects of chronic administration of PPAR-γ ligand rosiglitazone in Cushing’s disease. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 151, 173–178 (2004).
  • Suri D, Weiss RE. Effect of pioglitazone on adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion in Cushing’s disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 1340–1346 (2005).
  • Hull SS, Sheridan B, Atkinson AB. Pre-operative medical therapy with rosiglitazone in two patients with newly diagnosed pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 62, 259–261 (2005).
  • Hofland LJ, van der Hoek J, Feelders R et al. The multi-ligand somatostatin analogue SOM230 inhibits ACTH secretion by cultured human corticotroph adenomas via somatostatin receptor type 5. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 152, 645–654 (2005).
  • van der Hoek J, van der Lelij AJ, Feelders RA et al. The somatostatin analogue SOM230, compared with octreotide, induces differential effects in several metabolic pathways in acromegalic patients. Clin. Endocrinol. 63, 176–184 (2005).
  • Bruns C, Lewis I, Briner U, Meno-Tetang G, Weckbecker G. SOM230: a novel somatostatin peptidomimetic with broad somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRIF) receptor binding and a unique antisecretory profile. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 146, 707–716 (2002).
  • van der Hoek J, Lamberts SW, Hofland LJ. The role of somatostatin analogs in Cushing’s disease. Pituitary 7(4), 257–264 (2005).
  • van der Hoek J, Waaijers M, van Koetsveld PM et al. Distinct functional properties of native somatostatin receptor subtype 5 compared with subtype 2 in the regulation of acth release by corticotroph tumour cells. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. (2005) (In Press).
  • Bergeron F, Sirois F, Mbikay M. ACTH secretion by mouse corticotroph AtT20 cells is negatively modulated by the intracellular level of 7B2. FEBS Lett. 512, 259–262 (2002).
  • Kovalovsky D, Paez Pereda M, Labeur M et al. Nur77 induction and activation are necessary for interleukin-1 stimulation of proopiomelanocortin in AtT-20 corticotrophs. FEBS Lett. 563, 229–233 (2004).
  • Lee EJ, Martinson F, Kotlar T, Thimmapaya B, Jameson JL. Adenovirus-mediated targeted expression of toxic genes to adrenocorticotropin-producing pituitary tumors using the pro-opiomelanocortin promoter. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 3400–3409 (2001).
  • Engelhardt D, Weber MM. Therapy of Cushing’s syndrome with steroid biosynthesis inhibitors. J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 49, 261–267 (1994).
  • Dewis P, Anderson DC, Bulock DE, Earnshaw R, Kelly WF. Experience with trilostane in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 18, 533–540 (1983).
  • Knappe G, Gerl H, Ventz M, Rohde W. The long-term therapy of hypothalamic-hypophyseal Cushing’s syndrome with mitotane (o,p'-DDD). Dtsch Med. Wochenschr. 122, 882–886 (1997).
  • Nieman LK. Medical therapy of Cushing’s disease. Pituitary 5(2), 77–82 (2002).
  • Berwaerts JJ, Verhelst JA, Verhaert GC, Verhaegen AA, Abs RE. Corticotropin-dependent Cushing’s syndrome in older people: presentation of five cases and therapeutical use of ketoconazole. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 46, 880–884 (1998).
  • Krakoff J, Koch CA, Calis KA, Alexander RH, Nieman LK. Use of a parenteral propylene glycol-containing etomidate preparation for the long-term management of ectopic Cushing’s syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 4104–4108 (2001).
  • Drake WM, Perry LA, Hinds CJ, Lowe DG, Reznek RH, Besser GM. Emergency and prolonged use of intravenous etomidate to control hypercortisolemia in a patient with Cushing’s syndrome and peritonitis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 3542–3544 (1998).
  • Fassnacht M, Hahner S, Beuschlein F, Klink A, Reincke M, Allolio B. New mechanisms of adrenostatic compounds in a human adrenocortical cancer cell line. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 30, 76–82 (2000).
  • Verhelst JA, Trainer PJ, Howlett TA et al. Short and long-term responses to metyrapone in the medical management of 91 patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 35, 169–178 (1991).
  • Minamori Y, Yasuda K, Murayama M, Morita H, Yamakita N, Miura K. Effects of reserpine treatment on pituitary-adrenocortical axis in patients with Cushing’s disease. Endocr. J. 40, 545–556 (1993).
  • Yasuda K, Miura K. Unique type of Cushing’s disease in clinical profile: cyclic Cushing’s syndrome and Cushing’s disease with favorable outcome to a high daily dose of bromocriptine. Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 70, 11–16 (1994).
  • Pivonello R, Ferone D, de Herder WW et al. Dopamine receptor expression and function in corticotroph pituitary tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 68, 2452–2462 (2004).
  • Sonino N, Fava GA, Fallo F, Franceschetto A, Belluardo P, Boscaro M. Effect of the serotonin antagonists ritanserin and ketanserin in Cushing’s disease. Pituitary 3, 55–59 (2000).
  • Colao A, Pivonello R, Tripodi FS et al. Failure of long-term therapy with sodium valproate in Cushing’s disease. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 20, 387–392 (1997).
  • Miller JW, Crapo L. The medical treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. Endocr. Rev. 14, 443–458 (1993).
  • Tanakol R, Alagol F, Azizlerli H, Sandalci O, Terzioglu T, Berker F. Cyproheptadine treatment in Cushing’s disease. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 19, 242–247 (1996).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.