Targeting 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in brain: therapy for cognitive aging?

References

• Yaffe K, Kanaya A, Lindquist K et al. The metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and risk of cognitive decline. JAMA292, 2237–2242 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deary IJ, Whiteman MC, Pattie A et al. Cognitive change and the APOE epsilon 4 allele. Nature418, 932 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster TC. Biological markers of age-related memory deficits: treatment of senescent physiology. CNS Drugs20, 153–166 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien SJ, de Leon M, de Santi S et al. Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Nature Neurosci.1, 69–73 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau JLW, Olsson T, Morris RGM, Meaney MJ, Seckl JR. Glucocorticoids, hippocampal corticosteroid receptor gene expression and antidepressant treatment: relationship with spatial learning in young and aged rats. Neuroscience.66, 571–581 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright CE, Kunz-Ebrecht SR, Iliffe S, Foese O, Steptoe A. Physiological correlates of cognitive functioning in an elderly population. Psychoneuroendocrinology30, 826–838 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen BS, de Leon MJ, Lupien SJ, Meaney MJ. Corticosteroids, the aging brain and cognition. Trends Endocrinol. Metab.10, 92–96 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lupien SJ, Schwartz G, Ng YK et al. The Douglas Hospital longitudinal study of normal and pathological aging: summary of findings. J. Psychiatry Neurosci.30, 328–334 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown ES, D JW, Frol A et al. Hippocampal volume, spectroscopy, cognition, and mood in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy. Biol. Psychiatry55, 538–545 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Convit A, de Leon MJ, Tarshish C et al. Hippocampal volume loss in minimally impaired elderly. Lancet.345, 266 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li G, Cherrier M, Tsuang D. Salivary cortisol and memory function in human aging. Neurobiol. Aging DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.09.031 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Karlamangla AS, Singer BH, Chodosh J, McEwen BS, Seeman TE. Urinary cortisol excretion as a predictor of incident cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Aging26(Suppl. 1), 80–84 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacLullich AM, Deary IJ, Starr JM et al. Plasma cortisol levels, brain volumes and cognition in healthy elderly men. Psychoneuroendocrinology30, 505–515 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landfield PW, Baskin RK, Pitler TA. Brain aging correlates: retardation by hormonal-pharmacological treatments. Science214, 581–584 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meaney MJ, Aitken DH, van Berkel C, Bhatnagar S, Sapolsky RM. Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus. Science239, 766–768 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau JLW, Noble J, Hibberd C et al. Chronic treatment with the antidepressant amitriptyline prevents impairments in watermaze learning in aging rats. J. Neurosci.22, 1436–1442 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolkowitz OM, Epel ES, Reus VI. Stress hormone-related psychopathology: pathophysiological and treatment implications. World J. Biol. Psychiatry2, 115–143 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Chan T et al. Antiglucocorticoid treatment of depression: double-blind ketoconazole. Biol. Psychiatry45, 1070–1074 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher P, Watson S, Smith MS, Ferrier IN, Young AH. Effects of adjunctive mifepristone (RU-486) administration on neurocognitive function and symptoms in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry57, 155–161 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBattista C, Belanoff J. C-1073 (mifepristone) in the adjunctive treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Curr. Alzheimer Res.2, 125–129 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edwards CRW, Stewart PM, Burt D et al. Localisation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-tissue specific protector of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Lancet2, 986–989 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funder JW, Pearce PT, Smith R, Smith AI. Mineralocorticoid action: target tissue specificity is enzyme, not receptor, mediated. Science242, 583–585 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshmi V, Monder C. Purification and characterisation of the corticosteroid 11β-dehydrogenase component of the rat liver 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase complex. Endocrinol.123, 2390–2398 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson PM, Chapman KE, Edwards CR, Seckl JR. 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is an exclusive 11 β-reductase in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes: effect of physicochemical and hormonal manipulations. Endocrinology136, 4754–4761 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajan V, Edwards CRW, Seckl JR. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cultured hippocampal cells reactivates inert 11-dehydrocorticosterone, potentiating neurotoxicity. J. Neuroscience16, 65–70 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kotelevtsev Y, Holmes MC, Burchell A et al. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mice show attenuated glucocorticoid-inducible responses and resist hyperglycemia on obesity or stress. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA94, 14924–14929 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton NM, Holmes MC, Fievet C et al. Improved lipid and lipoprotein profile, hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 null mice. J. Biol. Chem.276, 41293–41300 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton NM, Paterson JM, Masuzaki H et al. Novel adipose tissue-mediated resistance to diet-induced visceral obesity in 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-deficient mice. Diabetes53, 931–938 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman JP, Ostrander MM, Mueller NK, Figueiredo H. Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation: hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry29, 1201–1213 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maclullich AM, Ferguson KJ, Wardlaw JM et al. Smaller left anterior cingulate cortex volumes are associated with impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation in healthy elderly men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.91(4), 1591–1594 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris HJ, Kotelevtsev Y, Mullins JJ, Seckl JR, Holmes MC. Intracellular regeneration of glucocorticoids by 11β-HSD-1 plays a key role in regulation of the HPA axis: analysis of 11β-HSD-1-deficient mice. Endocrinology142, 114–120 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau JL, Noble J, Kenyon CJ et al. Lack of tissue glucocorticoid reactivation in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mice ameliorates age-related learning impairments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA98, 4716–4721 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz R, Brown RW, Seckl JR. Ontogeny of mRNAs encoding glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in prenatal rat brain development reveal complex control of glucocorticoid action. J. Neurosci.18, 2570–2580 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandeep TC, Yau JL, MacLullich AM et al. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition improves cognitive function in healthy elderly men and type 2 diabetics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA101, 6734–6739 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhingra D, Parle M, Kulkarni SK. Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol.91, 361–365 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Quervain DJ, Poirier R, Wollmer MA et al. Glucocorticoid-related genetic susceptibility for Alzheimer’s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet.13, 47–52 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasmuson S, Andrew R, Nasman B et al. Increased glucocorticoid production and altered cortisol metabolism in women with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Biol. Psychiatry49, 547–552 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elgh E, Lindqvist Astot A, Fagerlund M et al. Cognitive dysfunction, hippocampal atrophy and glucocorticoid feedback in Alzheimer’s disease. Biol. Psychiatry59, 155–161 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair S, Lee YH, Lindsay RS et al. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1: genetic polymorphisms are associated with Type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians independently of obesity and expression in adipocyte and muscle. Diabetologia47, 1088–1095 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franks PW, Knowler WC, Nair S et al. Interaction between an 11βHSD1 gene variant and birth era modifies the risk of hypertension in Pima Indians. Hypertension44, 681–688 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deary IJ, Hayward C, Permana PA et al. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11β1) and lifetime cognitive change. Neurosci. Lett.393, 74–77 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattsson C, Lai M, Noble J et al. Obese Zucker rats have reduced mineralocorticoid receptor and 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in hippocampus – implications for dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in obesity. Endocrinology144, 2997–3003 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morton NM, Ramage L, Seckl JR. Down-regulation of adipose 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 by high-fat feeding in mice: a potential adaptive mechanism counteracting metabolic disease. Endocrinology145, 2707–2712 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson PM, Chapman KE, Seckl JR. Tissue- and temporal-specific regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 by glucocorticoids in vivo. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.68, 245–250 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Napolitano A, Voice M, Edwards CRW, Seckl JR, Chapman KE. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipocytes: expression is differentiation-dependent and hormonally-regulated. J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol.64, 251–260 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams LJS, Lyons V, MacLeod I et al. C/EBPa regulates hepatic transcription of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1; novel mechanisms for cross-talk between the C/EBP and glucocorticoid signalling pathways, J. Biol. Chem.275, 30232–30239 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson P, Fuchs E, Seckl J. Chronic psycho-social stress attenuates 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus and liver in the tree-shrew. Stress2, 123–132 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newcomer JW, Craft S, Hershey T, Askins K, Bardgett ME. Glucocorticoid-induced impairment in declarative memory performance in adult humans. J. Neurosci.14, 2047–2053 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall JL, Gonder-Frederick LA, Chewning WW, Silveira J, Gold PE. Glucose enhancement of performance on memory tests in young and aged humans. Neuropsychologia27, 1129–1138 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craft S, Dagogo-Jack SE, Wiethop BV et al. Effects of hyperglycaemia on memory and hormone levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a longitudinal study. Behav. Neurosci.107, 926–940 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molteni R, Barnard RJ, Ying Z, Roberts CK, Gomez-Pinilla F. A high-fat, refined sugar diet reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal plasticity, and learning. Neuroscience112, 803–814 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamal A, Biessels GJ, Duis SE, Gispen WH. Learning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: interaction of diabetes and ageing. Diabetologia43, 500–506 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillipov G, Palermo M, Shackleton CH. Apparent cortisone reductase deficiency: a unique form of hypercortisolism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.81, 3855–3860 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Draper N, Walker EA, Bujalska IJ et al. Mutations in the genes encoding 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase interact to cause cortisone reductase deficiency. Nat. Genet.34, 434–439 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White PC. Genotypes at 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 11β1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase loci are not risk factors for apparent cortisone reductase deficiency in a large population-based sample. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.90, 5880–5883 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lavery GG, Walker EA, Draper N et al. Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase knockout mice lack 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-mediated glucocorticoid generation. J. Biol. Chem.281, 6546–6551 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barf T, Vallgarda J, Emond R et al. Arylsulfonamidothiazoles as a new class of potential antidiabetic drugs. Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J. Med. Chem.45, 3813–3815 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberts P, Engblom L, Edling N et al. Selective inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 decreases blood glucose concentrations in hyperglycaemic mice. Diabetologia45, 1528–1532 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberts P, Nilsson C, Selen G et al. Selective inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in hyperglycemic mice strains. Endocrinology144, 4755–4762 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews RC, Rooyackers O, Walker BR. Effects of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carbenoxolone on insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.88, 285–291 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson S, Aster SD, Brown K et al. Adamantyl triazoles as selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.15, 4359–4362 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu X, Dragovic J, Koo GC et al. Discovery of 4-heteroarylbicyclo[2.2.2]octyltriazoles as potent and selective inhibitors of 11β-HSD1: novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.15, 5266–5269 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppola GM, Kukkola PJ, Stanton JL et al. Perhydroquinolylbenzamides as novel inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J. Med. Chem.48, 6696–6712 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belanoff JK, Gross K, Yager A, Schatzberg AF. Corticosteroids and cognition. J. Psychiatr. Res.35, 127–145 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson A, Wallace AM, Andrew R et al. Apparent cortisone reductase deficiency: a functional defect in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.84, 3570–3574 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brunner EJ. Social and biological determinants of cognitive aging. Neurobiol. Aging26(Suppl. 1), 17–20 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman KE, Gilmour JS, Coutinho AE, Savill JS, Seckl JR. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-A role in inflammation? Mol. Cell Endocrinol.248, 3–8 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang TY, Ding X, Daynes RA. The expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I by lymphocytes provides a novel means for intracrine regulation of glucocorticoid activities. J. Immunol.174, 879–889 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thieringer R, Le Grand CB, Carbin L et al. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is induced in human monocytes upon differentiation to macrophages. J. Immunol.167, 30–35 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC et al. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch. Neurol.56, 303–308 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portet F, Ousset PJ, Visser PJ et al. Mild cognitive impairment in medical practice: critical review of the concept and new diagnostic procedure. Report of the MCI working group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer’s Disease (EADC). J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry77(6), 714–718 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leon MJ, McRae T, Tsai JR et al. Abnormal cortisol response in Alzheimer’s disease linked to hippocampal atrophy. Lancet ii,391–392 (1988).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar