References
- Hillmann D, Murphy A, Pezullo L. The economic cost of sleep disorders. Sleep29, 282–283 (2006).
- Punjabi N, Polotsky V. Disorders of glucose metabolism in sleep apnea. J. Appl. Physiol.99, 1998–2007 (2005).
- Grunstein R, Stenlof K, Hedner J, Sjostrom L. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea and sleepiness on metablic and cardiovascular risk factors in the swedish obese subjects (SOS) study. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord.19, 410–419 (1995).
- Jennum P, Schultz-Larsen K, Christensen N. Snoring, sympathetic activity and cardiovascular risk factors in a 70 year old population. Eur. J. Epidemiol.9, 477–482 (1993).
- Enright P, Newmann A, Wahl P, Maniolo T, Haponik E, Boyle P. Prevalence and correlates of snoring and observed apneas in 5201 older adults. Sleep19(531), 539 (1996).
- Leineweber C, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T, Janszky I, Orth-Gomer K. Snoring and the metabolic syndrome in women. Sleep Med.4, 531–536 (2003).
- Ip M, Lam B, Ng M, Lam W, Tsang K, Lam K. Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with insulin resistance. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.165, 670–676 (2002).
- Punjabi N, Sorkin J, Katzel L, Goldlieb A, Schwartz A, Smith P. Sleep disordered breathing and insulin resistance in middleaged and overweight men. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.(165), 677–682 (2002).
- Punjabi N, Shahar E, Redline S, Gottlieb D, Givelber R, Resnick HE. Sleep disorderd breathing, glucose intolerance, and insulin reisitance: the sleep heart health study. Am. J. Epidemiol.160, 521–530 (2004).
- Polotsky V, Li J, Punjabi N et al. Intermittent hypoxia increases insulin resistance in genetically obese mice. J. Physiol.552(1), 253–264 (2003).
- Vgontzas A, Bixler E, Chrousos G. Sleep apnea is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Sleep Med. Rev.9, 211–224 (2005).
- Shinohara E, Kihara S, Yamashita S et al. Visceral fat accumulation as an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in obese subjects. J. Int. Med.241, 11–18 (1997).
- Harsch I, Schahin S, Radespiel-Troger M et al. Continious positive airway pressure treatment rapidly improves insulin sensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.169, 156–162 (2004).
- Brooks B, Cistulli P, Borkman M et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in obese noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients: effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on insulin responsiveness. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.79, 1681–1685 (1994).
- Leproult R, Copinschi G, Buxton O, vanCauter E. Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels in the next evening. Sleep20, 865–870 (1997).
- Andrew R, Walker BR. Glucocorticoids and insulin resistance: old hormones, new targets. Clin. Sci.96, 513–523 (1999).
- Reynolds R, Walker BR. Human insulin resistance: the role of glucocorticoids. Diab. Obes.Metab.5, 5–12 (2003).
- Fletcher E, Miller J, Schaaf J, Fletcher J. Urinary catecholamines before and after tracheostomy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. Sleep10, 35–44 (1987).
- Stumvoll M, Chintalapudi U, Perriello G, Welle S, Gutierrez O, Gerich J. Uptake and release of glucose by the human kidney. Postabsorptive rates and responses to epinephrine. J. Clin. Invest.96, 2528–2533 (1995).
- Wiesner TD, Bluher M, Windgassen M, Paschke R. Improvement of insulin sensitivity after adrenalectomy in patients with pheochromocytoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.88(8), 3632–3636 (2003).
- Esler M, Eikelis N. Is obstructive sleep apnea the cause of sympathetic nervous activation in human obesity? J. Appl. Physiol.100, 11–12 (2006).
- Karlander S, Vranic M, Efendic S. Increased glucose turnover and glucose cycling in acromegalic patients with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetologia29(11), 778–783 (1986).
- McNicholas W, Ryan S. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: translating science to clinical practice. Respirology11, 136–144 (2006).
- Stumvoll M, Goldstein B, van Haeften T. Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet365, 1333–1346 (2005).
- Yokoe T, Minoguchi K, Matsuo H et al. Elevated levels of C reactive protein and IL-6 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are decreased by nasal continiuous positive airway pressure. Circulation107, 1129–1134 (2003).
- Ryan S, Taylor C, McNicholas W. Selective activation of inflammatory pathways by intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Circulation112, 2660–2667 (2005).