Do we inherit or acquire mitochondrial dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes?

References

• American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care30(Suppl. 1), S42–S47 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haffner SM. The metabolic syndrome: inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Cardiol.16(2A), A3–A11 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Heine RJ, Nijpels G, Mooy JM. New data on the rate of progression of impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM and predicting factors. Diabet. Med.13(3 Suppl. 2), S12–S14 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morino K, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and their potential links with mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes55(Suppl. 2), S9–S15 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adeli K, Taghibiglou C, Van Iderstine SC, Lewis GF. Mechanisms of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein overproduction in insulin resistance. Trends Cardiovasc. Med.11(5), 170–176 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musso C, Cochran E, Moran SA et al. Clinical course of genetic diseases of the insulin receptor (type A and Rabson–Mendenhall syndromes): a 30-year prospective. Medicine (Baltimore)83(4), 209–222 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George S, Rochford JJ, Wolfrum C et al. A family with severe insulin resistance and diabetes due to a mutation in AKT2. Science304(5675), 1325–1328 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman H, Cox RD. Type-2 diabetes: a cocktail of genetic discovery. Hum. Mol. Genet.15(2), R202–R209 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nandi A, Kitamura Y, Kahn CR, Accili D. Mouse models of insulin resistance. Physiol. Rev.84(2), 623–647 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maassen JA, ‘t Hart LM, Janssen GM, Reiling E, Romijn JA, Lemkes HH. Mitochondrial diabetes and its lessons for common Type 2 diabetes. Biochem. Soc. Trans.34(5), 819–823 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Andrade PB, Rubi B, Frigerio F, van den Ouweland JM, Maassen JA, Maechler P. Diabetes-associated mitochondrial DNA mutation A3243G impairs cellular metabolic pathways necessary for β-cell function. Diabetologia49(8), 1816–1826 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattersley AT, Pearson ER. Pharmacogenetics and beyond: the interaction of therapeutic response, β-cell physiology, and genetics in diabetes. Endocrinology147(6), 2657–2663 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matschinsky FM. Glucokinase, glucose homeostasis, and diabetes mellitus. Curr. Diab. Rep.5(3), 171–176 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen L, Pedersen O. Genetics of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: status and perspectives. Diabetes Obes. Metab.7(2), 122–135 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sladek R, Rocheleau G, Rung J et al. A genome-wide association study identifies novel risk loci for Type 2 diabetes. Nature445(7130), 881–885 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maassen JA, ‘t Hart LM, Van Essen E et al. Mitochondrial diabetes: molecular mechanisms and clinical presentation. Diabetes53(Suppl. 1), S103–S109 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace DC. A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer: a dawn for evolutionary medicine. Annu. Rev. Genet.39, 359–407 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohlke KL, Jackson AU, Scott LJ et al. Mitochondrial polymorphisms and susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes-related traits in Finns. Hum. Genet.118(2), 245–254 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena R, de Bakker PI, Singer K et al. Comprehensive association testing of common mitochondrial DNA variation in metabolic disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet.79(1), 54–61 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuku N, Park KS, Yamada Y et al. Mitochondrial haplogroup N9a confers resistance against Type 2 diabetes in Asians. Am. J. Hum. Genet.80(3), 407–415 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulton J, Luan J, Macaulay V, Hennings S, Mitchell J, Wareham NJ. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a common mitochondrial variant: evidence from a population-based case–control study. Hum. Mol. Genet.11(13), 1581–1583 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkman K, Smeitink JA, Romijn JA, Reiss P. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy. Lancet354, 1112–1115 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Sutinen J, Hakkinen AM, Westerbacka J et al. Increased fat accumulation in the liver in HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy. AIDS16, 2183–2193 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yki-Jarvinen H. Fat in the liver and insulin resistance. Ann. Med.37(5), 347–356 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koivisto VA, Yki-Jarvinen H, DeFronzo RA. Physical training and insulin sensitivity.Diabetes Metab. Rev.1(4), 445–481 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang X, Eriksson KF, Vaag A et al. Insulin-regulated mitochondrial gene expression is associated with glucose flux in human skeletal muscle. Diabetes48(8), 1508–1514 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley DE, He J, Menshikova EV, Ritov VB. Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes51(10), 2944–2950 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yechoor VK, Patti ME, Saccone R, Kahn CR. Coordinated patterns of gene expression for substrate and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA99(16), 10587–10592 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asmann YW, Stump CS, Short KR et al. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and gene transcript profiles in Type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects at equal levels of low or high insulin and euglycemia. Diabetes55(12), 3309–3319 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling CA, Poulsen P, Simonsson S et al. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors infuence oxidative phosphorylation genes and metabolism in human muscle. Diabetologia49(Suppl. 1), (2006) (Abstract 0198).
   Google Scholar
• ‘t Hart LM, Hansen T, Rietveld I et al. Evidence that the mitochondrial leucyl tRNA synthetase (LARS2) gene represents a novel Type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene. Diabetes54, 1892–1895 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maassen JA, Romijn, JA, Heine RJ. Fatty acid-induced mitochondrial uncoupling in adipocytes as key protective factor against insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction: a new concept in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia (2007) (In Press).
   Google Scholar
• Choo HJ, Kim JH, Kwon OB et al. Mitochondria are impaired in the adipocytes of Type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetologia49, 784–791 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogacka I, Xie H, Bray GA, Smith SR. Pioglitazone induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Diabetes54(5), 1392–1399 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson-Fritch L, Nicoloro S, Chouinard M et al. Mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissue associated with obesity and treatment with rosiglitazone. J. Clin. Invest.114(9), 1281–1289 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tordjman J, Chauvet G, Quette J, Beale EG, Forest C, Antoine B. Thiazolidinediones block fatty acid release by inducing glyceroneogenesis in fat cells. J. Biol. Chem.278(21), 18785–18790 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machann J, Haring H, Schick F, Stumvoll M. Intramyocellular lipids and insulin resistance. Diabetes Obes. Metab.6(4), 239–248 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colston VL, Wheeler TJ. Stimulation of cardiac glucose transport by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Life Sci.69(20), 2383–2398 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianna CR, Huntgeburth M, Coppari R et al. Hypomorphic mutation of PGC-1β causes mitochondrial dysfunction and liver insulin resistance. Cell Metab.4(6), 453–464 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen KF, Dufour S, Shulman GI. Decreased insulin-stimulated ATP synthesis and phosphate transport in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of Type 2 diabetic parents. PLoS Med.2(9), e233 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden M. Muscle triglycerides and mitochondrial function: possible mechanisms for the development of Type 2 diabetes. Int. J. Obes. (London)29(Suppl. 2), S111–S115 (2005).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson DK, Kashyap S, Bajaj M et al. Lipid infusion decreases the expression of nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes and increases the expression of extracellular matrix genes in human skeletal muscle. J. Biol. Chem.280(11), 10290–10297 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilbronn LK, Gan SK, Turner N, Campbell LV, Chisholm DJ. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism are lower in overweight and obese insulin resistant subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.92(4), 1467–1473 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory pathways and insulin action. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord.27(Suppl. 3), S53–S55 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valerio A, Cardile A, Cozzi V et al. TNF-α downregulates eNOS expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fat and muscle of obese rodents. J. Clin. Invest.116(10), 2791–2798 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knouff C, Auwerx J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ calls for activation in moderation: lessons from genetics and pharmacology. Endocr. Rev.25, 899–918 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadoudal T, Blouin JM, Collinet M et al. Acute and selective regulation of glyceroneogenesis and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in adipose tissue by thiazolidinediones in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia50(3), 666–675 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar