21
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Systemic and endocrine manifestations of Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: current concepts in diagnosis and management

, &
Pages 773-783 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Favara BE. Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis pathobiology and pathogenesis. Semin. Oncol.18(1), 3–7 (1991).
  • Arceci RJ. The histiocytoses: the fall of the Tower of Babel. Eur. J. Cancer35(5), 747–767 (1999).
  • Weitzman S, Egeler RM. Histiocytic Disorders of Children and Adults Basic Science, Clinical Features and Therapy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (2006).
  • Coppes-Zantinga A, Egeler RM. The Langerhans cell histiocytosis X files revealed. Br. J. Haematol.116(1), 3–9 (2002).
  • Mittheisz E, Seidl R, Prayer D et al. Central nervous system-related permanent consequences in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr. Blood Cancer48(1), 50–56 (2007).
  • Haupt R, Nanduri V, Calevo MG et al. Permanent consequences in Langerhans cell histiocytosis patients: a pilot study from the Histiocyte Society-Late Effects Study Group. Pediatr. Blood Cancer42(5), 438–444 (2004).
  • Broadbent V, Egeler RM, Nesbit ME Jr. Langerhans cell histiocytosis – clinical and epidemiological aspects. Br. J. Cancer23(Suppl.), S11–S16 (1994).
  • Baumgartner I, von Hochstetter A, Baumert B, Luetolf U, Follath F. Langerhans’-cell histiocytosis in adults. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.28(1), 9–14 (1997).
  • Malpas JS. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am.12(2), 259–268 (1998).
  • Yu RC, Chu C, Buluwela L, Chu AC. Clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Lancet343(8900), 767–768 (1994).
  • Yousem SA, Colby TV, Chen YY, Chen WG, Weiss LM. Pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: molecular analysis of clonality. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.25(5), 630–636 (2001).
  • Vassallo R, Ryu JH, Schroeder DR, Decker PA, Limper AH. Clinical outcomes of pulmonary Langerhans’-cell histiocytosis in adults. N. Engl. J. Med.346(7), 484–490 (2002).
  • Egeler RM, Favara BE, van Meurs M, Laman JD, Claassen E. Differential in situ cytokine profiles of Langerhans-like cells and T cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: abundant expression of cytokines relevant to disease and treatment. Blood94(12), 4195–4201 (1999).
  • Egeler RM, Favara BE, Laman JD, Claassen E. Abundant expression of CD40 and CD40-ligand (CD154) in paediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis lesions. Eur. J. Cancer36(16), 2105–2110 (2000).
  • Annels NE, Da Costa CE, Prins FA, Willemze A, Hogendoorn PC, Egeler RM. Aberrant chemokine receptor expression and chemokine production by Langerhans cells underlies the pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J. Exp. Med.197(10), 1385–1390 (2003).
  • De Filippi P, Badulli C, Cuccia M et al. Specific polymorphisms of cytokine genes are associated with different risks to develop single-system or multi-system childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Br. J. Haematol.132(6), 784–787 (2006).
  • Rosso DA, Roy A, Zelazko M, Braier JL. Prognostic value of soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Br. J. Haematol.117(1), 54–58 (2002).
  • Rolland A, Guyon L, Gill M et al. Increased blood myeloid dendritic cells and dendritic cell-poietins in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J. Immunol.174(5), 3067–3071 (2005).
  • Prosch H, Grois N, Bokkerink J et al. Central diabetes insipidus: is it Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the pituitary stalk? A diagnostic pitfall. Pediatr. Blood Cancer46(3), 363–366 (2006).
  • Favara BE, Feller AC, Pauli M et al. Contemporary classification of histiocytic disorders. The WHO Committee On Histiocytic/Reticulum Cell Proliferations. Reclassification Working Group of the Histiocyte Society. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.29(3), 157–166 (1997).
  • Chu T, D’Angio GJ, Favara BE, Ladisch S, Nesbit M, Pritchard J. Histiocytosis syndromes in children. Lancet2(8549), 41–42 (1987).
  • Makras P, Alexandraki KI, Chrousos GP, Grossman AB, Kaltsas GA. Endocrine manifestations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab.18(6), 252–257 (2007).
  • LCH-A1. First International Study for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Adults. Histiocyte Society (2004).
  • Ceci A, de Terlizzi M, Colella R et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in childhood: results from the Italian Cooperative AIEOP-CNR-H.X ‘83 study. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.21(4), 259–264 (1993).
  • Gadner H, Grois N, Arico M et al. A randomized trial of treatment for multisystem Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis. J. Pediatr.138(5), 728–734 (2001).
  • Donadieu J, Piguet C, Bernard F et al. A new clinical score for disease activity in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr. Blood Cancer43(7), 770–776 (2004).
  • Arico M, Girschikofsky M, Genereau T et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults. Report from the International Registry of the Histiocyte Society. Eur. J. Cancer39(16), 2341–2348 (2003).
  • Amato MC, Elias LL, Elias J et al. Endocrine disorders in pediatric-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Horm. Metab. Res.38(11), 746–751 (2006).
  • Dunger DB, Broadbent V, Yeoman E et al. The frequency and natural history of diabetes insipidus in children with Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. N. Engl. J. Med.321(17), 1157–1162 (1989).
  • Jubinsky PT. Hypercalcemia in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: is it therapy-related? J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.25(2), 176–179 (2003).
  • Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Barbey S, Virelizier JL, Kornprobst M, Nezelof C. Histiocytosis X purified (T6+) cells from bone granuloma produce interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 in culture. J. Clin. Invest.77(1), 326–329 (1986).
  • Dalle CL, Arlot ME, Chavassieux PM, Roux JP, Portero NR, Meunier PJ. Comparison of trabecular bone microarchitecture and remodeling in glucocorticoid-induced and postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res.16(1), 97–103 (2001).
  • Wuster C, Abs R, Bengtsson BA et al. The influence of growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone replacement therapy, and other aspects of hypopituitarism on fracture rate and bone mineral density. J. Bone Miner. Res.16(2), 398–405 (2001).
  • Crone-Munzebrock W, Brassow F. A comparison of radiographic and bone scan findings in histiocytosis X. Skeletal Radiol.9(3), 170–173 (1983).
  • Jubran RF, Marachelian A, Dorey F, Malogolowkin M. Predictors of outcome in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr. Blood Cancer45(1), 37–42 (2005).
  • Favara BE, Jaffe R, Egeler RM. Macrophage activation and hemophagocytic syndrome in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: report of 30 cases. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol.5(2), 130–140 (2002).
  • Munn S, Chu AC. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the skin. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am.12(2), 269–286 (1998).
  • Nondahl SR, Finlay JL, Farrell PM, Warner TF, Hong R. A case report and literature review of ‘primary’ pulmonary histiocytosis X of childhood. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.14(1), 57–62 (1986).
  • Vassallo R, Ryu JH, Colby TV, Hartman T, Limper AH. Pulmonary Langerhans’-cell histiocytosis. N. Engl. J. Med.342(26), 1969–1978 (2000).
  • Braier J, Ciocca M, Latella A, de Davila MG, Drajer M, Imventarza O. Cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis, and liver transplantation in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.38(3), 178–182 (2002).
  • Griffiths W, Davies S, Gibbs P, Thillainayagam A, Alexander G. Liver transplantation in an adult with sclerosing cholangitis due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J. Hepatol.44(4), 829–831 (2006).
  • Siegal GP, Dehner LP, Rosai J. Histiocytosis X (Langerhans’ cell granulomatosis) of the thymus. A clinicopathologic study of four childhood cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.9(2), 117–124 (1985).
  • Osband ME, Lipton JM, Lavin P et al. Histiocytosis-X. N. Engl. J. Med.304(3), 146–153 (1981).
  • Irving RM, Broadbent V, Jones NS. Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis in childhood: management of head and neck manifestations. Laryngoscope104(1 Pt 1), 64–70 (1994).
  • Grois N, Tsunematsu Y, Barkovich AJ, Favara BE. Central nervous system disease in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Br. J. Cancer Suppl.23, S24–S28 (1994).
  • Grois N, Prayer D, Prosch H, Lassmann H. Neuropathology of CNS disease in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Brain128(Pt 4), 829–838 (2005).
  • Prayer D, Grois N, Prosch H, Gadner H, Barkovich AJ. MR imaging presentation of intracranial disease associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol.25(5), 880–891 (2004).
  • Barthez MA, Araujo E, Donadieu J. Langerhans cell histiocytosis and the central nervous system in childhood: evolution and prognostic factors. Results of a collaborative study. J. Child Neurol.15(3), 150–156 (2000).
  • Makras P, Samara C, Antoniou M et al. Evolving radiological features of hypothalamo–pituitary lesions in adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Neuroradiology48(1), 37–44 (2006).
  • Kaltsas GA, Powles TB, Evanson J et al. Hypothalamo–pituitary abnormalities in adult patients with langerhans cell histiocytosis: clinical, endocrinological, and radiological features and response to treatment. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.85(4), 1370–1376 (2000).
  • Nanduri VR, Bareille P, Pritchard J, Stanhope R. Growth and endocrine disorders in multisystem Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxford)53(4), 509–515 (2000).
  • Donadieu J, Rolon MA, Thomas C et al. Endocrine involvement in pediatric-onset Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: a population-based study. J. Pediatr.144(3), 344–350 (2004).
  • Grois N, Prayer D, Prosch H, Minkov M, Potschger U, Gadner H. Course and clinical impact of magnetic resonance imaging findings in diabetes insipidus associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr. Blood Cancer43(1), 59–65 (2004).
  • Prosch H, Grois N, Prayer D et al. Central diabetes insipidus as presenting symptom of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr. Blood Cancer43(5), 594–599 (2004).
  • Maghnie M, Sommaruga MG, Beluffi G, Severi F. Role of MR imaging in the evaluation of the functional status of the posterior pituitary gland: the view of a pediatric endocrinologist. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol.14(6), 1443–1445 (1993).
  • Howarth DM, Gilchrist GS, Mullan BP, Wiseman GA, Edmonson JH, Schomberg PJ. Langerhans cell histiocytosis: diagnosis, natural history, management, and outcome. Cancer85(10), 2278–2290 (1999).
  • Grois N, Potschger U, Prosch H et al. Risk factors for diabetes insipidus in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr. Blood Cancer46(2), 228–233 (2006).
  • Maghnie M, Cosi G, Genovese E et al. Central diabetes insipidus in children and young adults. N. Engl. J. Med.343(14), 998–1007 (2000).
  • Kilpatrick SE, Wenger DE, Gilchrist GS, Shives TC, Wollan PC, Unni KK. Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X) of bone. A clinicopathologic analysis of 263 pediatric and adult cases. Cancer76(12), 2471–2484 (1995).
  • Donadieu J, Rolon MA, Pion I et al. Incidence of growth hormone deficiency in pediatric-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis: efficacy and safety of growth hormone treatment. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.89(2), 604–609 (2004).
  • Makras P, Papadogias D, Kontogeorgos G, Piaditis G, Kaltsas GA. Spontaneous gonadotrophin deficiency recovery in an adult patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Pituitary8(2), 169–174 (2005).
  • Modan-Moses D, Weintraub M, Meyerovitch J, Segal-Lieberman G, Bielora B. Hypopituitarism in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: seven cases and literature review. J. Endocrinol. Invest.24(8), 612–617 (2001).
  • Larsen R, Kronenberg H, Melmed S, Polonsky K. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (10th Edition). Saunders, USA (2003).
  • Grois N, Flucher-Wolfram B, Heitger A, Mostbeck GH, Hofmann J, Gadner H. Diabetes insipidus in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: results from the DAL-HX 83 study. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.24(4), 248–256 (1995).
  • Thompson LD, Wenig BM, Adair CF, Smith BC, Heffess CS. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid: a series of seven cases and a review of the literature. Mod. Pathol.9(2), 145–149 (1996).
  • Yap WM, Chuah KL, Tan PH. Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Mod. Pathol.14(2), 111–115 (2001).
  • Coode PE, Shaikh MU. Histiocytosis X of the thyroid masquerading as thyroid carcinoma. Hum. Pathol.19(2), 239–241 (1988).
  • Kitahama S, Iitaka M, Shimizu T et al. Thyroid involvement by malignant histiocytosis of Langerhans’ cell type. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxford)45(3), 357–363 (1996).
  • Axiotis CA, Merino MJ, Duray PH. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the female genital tract. Cancer67(6), 1650–1660 (1991).
  • Miller AA, Ramsden F. Neural and visceral xanthomatosis in adults. J. Clin. Pathol.18(5), 622–635 (1965).
  • Goyal R, Das A, Nijhawan R, Bansal D, Marwaha RK. Langerhans cell histiocytosis infiltration into pancreas and kidney. Pediatr. Blood Cancer49(5), 748–750 (2006).
  • Ben GI, Houman MH, B’chir S, Chamakhi S, Miled M. [A disseminated form of Langerhans histiocytosis associated with diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus]. Rev. Med. Interne22(5), 469–474 (2001).
  • Trochtenberg DS, Dessypris EN. Reversible hepatomegaly and diabetes mellitus in an adult with disseminated histiocytosis X. Am. J. Med. Sci.299(3), 179–184 (1990).
  • Wei L, MacDonald TM, Walker BR. Taking glucocorticoids by prescription is associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease. Ann. Intern. Med.141(10), 764–770 (2004).
  • Alexander RW. Inflammation and coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med.331(7), 468–469 (1994).
  • Rosen T, Bengtsson BA. Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. Lancet336(8710), 285–288 (1990).
  • Ladisch S, Gadner H, Arico M et al. LCH-I: a randomized trial of etoposide vs. vinblastine in disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The Histiocyte Society. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.23(2), 107–110 (1994).
  • Bernard F, Thomas C, Bertrand Y et al. Multi-centre pilot study of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and cytosine arabinoside combined chemotherapy in refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis with haematological dysfunction. Eur. J. Cancer41(17), 2682–2689 (2005).
  • Dhall G, Finlay JL, Dunkel IJ et al. Analysis of outcome for patients with mass lesions of the central nervous system due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Pediatr. Blood Cancer (2007) (Epub ahead of print).
  • Pardanani A, Phyliky RL, Li CY, Tefferi A. 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine therapy for disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Mayo Clin. Proc.78(3), 301–306 (2003).
  • Farran RP, Zaretski E, Egeler RM. Treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pamidronate. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.23(1), 54–56 (2001).
  • Minkov M, Grois N, Broadbent V, Ceci A, Jakobson A, Ladisch S. Cyclosporine A therapy for multisystem langerhans cell histiocytosis. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.33(5), 482–485 (1999).
  • Lukina EA, Kuznetsov VP, Beliaev DL, Kaplanskaia IB, Mokeeva RA. [The treatment of histiocytosis X (Langerhans-cell histiocytosis) with α-interferon preparations]. Ter. Arkh.65(11), 67–70 (1993).
  • Reichle A, Vogt T, Kunz-Schughart L et al. Anti-inflammatory and angiostatic therapy in chemorefractory multisystem Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis of adults. Br. J. Haematol.128(5), 730–732 (2005).
  • Mogulkoc N, Veral A, Bishop PW, Bayindir U, Pickering CA, Egan JJ. Pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: radiologic resolution following smoking cessation. Chest115(5), 1452–1455 (1999).
  • Dauriat G, Mal H, Thabut G et al. Lung transplantation for pulmonary langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: a multicenter analysis. Transplantation81(5), 746–750 (2006).
  • Nagarajan R, Neglia J, Ramsay N, Baker KS. Successful treatment of refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis with unrelated cord blood transplantation. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.23(9), 629–632 (2001).
  • Akkari V, Donadieu J, Piguet C et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with severe Langerhans cell histiocytosis and hematological dysfunction: experience of the French Langerhans Cell Study Group. Bone Marrow Transplant.31(12), 1097–1103 (2003).
  • Tatevossian R, Nanduri V, Salotti J et al. Adults with LCH – orphans with an orphan disease. Clin. Med.6(4), 404–408 (2006).

Website

  • Histiocytosis Association of America www.histio.org/site

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.