Anticytokine therapy, particularly anti-IFN-γ, in Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases

References

• Skurkovich SV, Klinova EG, Eremkina EI, Levina NV. Immunosuppressive effect of an anti-interferon serum. Nature 247, 551–552 (1974).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Klinova EG, Aleksandrovskaya IM, Levina NV, Arkhipova NA, Bulicheva TI. Stimulation of transplantation immunity and plasma cell reaction by interferon in mice. Immunology 25, 317–322 (1973).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Eremkina EI. The probable role of interferon in allergy. Ann. Allergy 35, 356–360 (1975).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Skurkovich B. Development of autoimmune diseases is connected with the initial disturbance of IFN synthesis in the cells. J. Inytrferon Res. 9(Suppl. 2), S305 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Skorikova AS, Dubrovina NA et al. Lymphocytes’ cytotoxicity towards cells of human lymphoblastoid lines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Allergy 39, 344–350 (1977).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Aleksandrovsky YA, Chekhonin VP, Ryabukhin IA, Chakhava KO, Skurkovich B. Improvement in negative symptoms of schizophrenia with antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and to interferon-gamma: a case report. J. Clin. Psychiatry 64, 734–735 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawakami Y, Kuzuya N, Watanabe T, Uchiyama Y, Yamashita K. Induction of experimental thyroiditis in mice by recombinant interferon γ administration. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.). 122, 41–48 (1990).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egwuagu CE, Mahdi RM, Chan CC, Sztein J, Li W, Smith JA, Chepelinsky AB. Expression of interferon-γ in the lens exacerbates anterior uveitis and induces retinal degenerative changes in transgenic Lewis rats. Clin. Immunol. 91, 196–205 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung HP, Schafer B, van der Meide PH, Fierz W, Heininger K, Toyka KV. The role of interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system. Ann. Neurol. 27, 247–257 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setiady YY, Pramoonjago P, Tung KS. Requirements of NK cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in T-cell-dependent neonatal autoimmune ovarian disease triggered by immune complex. J. Immunol. 173, 1051–1058 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Debray-Sachs M, Carnaud C, Boitard C et al. Prevention of diabetes in NOD mice treated with antibody to murine IFN γ. J. Autoimmun. 4, 237–248 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoletti F, Zaccone P, Di Marco R et al. Prevention of spontaneous autoimmune Diabetes in Diabetes-prone BB rats by prophylactic treatment with antirat interferon-γ antibody. Endocrinology 138, 281–288 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tang H, Mignon-Godefroy K, Meroni PL, Garotta G, Charreire J, Nicoletti F. The effects of a monoclonal antibody to interferon-γ on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT): prevention of disease and decrease of EAT-specific T-cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 23(1), 275–278 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai CP, Pollard JD, Armati PJ. Interferon-gamma inhibition suppresses experimental allergic neuritis: modulation of major histocompatibility complex expression of Schwann cells in vitro. J. Neuroimmunol. 31, 133–145 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Itoh M, Yano A, Xie Q et al. Essential pathogenic role for endogenous interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) during disease onset phase of murine experimental autoimmune orchitis. I. In vivo studies. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 111, 513–520 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miossec P. Cytokine-induced autoimmune disorders. Drug Saf. 17, 93–104 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kageyama Y, Koide Y, Yoshida A et al. Reduced susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis in mice deficient in IFN-γ receptor. J. Immunol. 161, 1542–1548 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snapper CM. Interferon-gamma. In: Cytokine Regulation of Humoral Immunity. Basic and Clinical Aspects. Snapper CM (Ed.), Wiley & Sons, NY, USA (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. 43, 109–142 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin JL, Uemura E, Cunnick JE. Microglial release of nitric oxide by the synergistic action of β-amyloid and IFN-γ Brain Res. 692, 207–214 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann TR, Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th-1, Th2 and more. Immunol. Today 17, 138–146 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Herrath MG, Oldstone MB. Interferon-gamma is essential for destruction of beta cells and development of insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus. J. Exp. Med. 185, 531–539 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dandekar AA, Anghelina D, Perlman S. Bystander CD8 T-cell-mediated demyelination is interferon-γ-dependent in a coronavirus model of multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Pathol. 164, 363–369 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Canete JD, Martinez SE, Farres J. Differential Th-1/Th2 cytokine patterns in chronic arthritis: interferon gamma is highly expressed in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis compared with seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 59, 263–268 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodroofe MN, Cuzner ML. Cytokine mRNA expression in inflammatory multiple sclerosis lesions: detection by non-radioactive in situ hybridization. Cytokine 5, 583–588 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traugott U, Lebon P. Interferon-γ and Ia antigen are present on astrocytes in active chronic multiple sclerosis lesions. J. Neurol. Sci. 84, 257–264 (1988).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitcup SM, Chan CC, Li Q, Nussenblatt RB. Expression of cell adhesion molecules in posterior uveitis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 110, 662–666 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamagami S, Kawashima H, Endo H. Cytokine profiles of aqueous humor and graft in orthotopic mouse corneal transplantation. Transplantation 66, 1504–1510 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker JN, Karabin GD, Stoof TJ, Sarma VJ, Dixit VM, Nickoloff BJ. Detection of interferon-γ mRNA in psoriatic epidermis by polymerase chain reaction. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2, 106–111 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grimes PE, Morris R, Avaniss-Aghajani E, Soriano T, Meraz M, Metzger A. Topical tacrolimus therapy for vitiligo: therapeutic responses and skin messenger RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 51, 52–61 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouser PE, Baker BS, Seaton ED et al. Propionibacterium acnes-reactive T-helper-1 cells in the skin of patients with acne vulgaris. J. Invest. Dermatol. 121, 1226–1228 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Loukina GV, Sigidin YA, Skurkovich BS. Successful first-time use of antibodies to interferon-gamma alone and combined with antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-α to treat rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, Behcet’s syndrome). Int. J. Immunother. 14, 23–32 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Sigidin AY, Loukina GV, Skurkovich B, Skurkovich SV. Randomized double-blind trial of anti-interferon-γ antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Scan. J. Rheumatol. 30, 203–207 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukina GV. Anticytokine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Summary of doctoral dissertation, Moscow, Russia, 23 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Lukina G, Sigidin Y, Pushkova O, Mach E, Skurkovich B, Skurkovich S. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with anti-interferon (IFN)-γ vs. antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American College of Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting 514-LB5 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Panitch HS, Hirsch RL, Schindler J, Johnson KP. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with gamma interferon: exacerbations associated with activation of the immune system. Neurology 37, 1097–1102 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz MS, Evans CF, McGavern DB, Rodriguez M, Oldstone MB. Primary demyelination in transgenic mice expressing interferon-gamma. Nature Med. 3, 1037–1041 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarci OH, Goris A, Hebrink DD, Heggarty S, Cunningham S, Alloza I. IFN-γ polymorphisms are associated with gender differences in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun. 6, 153–161 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Boiko A, Beliaeva I et al. Randomized study of antibodies to IFN-γ and TNF-α in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis 7, 277–284 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lenercept Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. TNF neutralization in MS: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Neurology 53, 457–465 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas CW Jr, Weinshenker BG, Sandborn, WJ. Demyelination during antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy with infliximab for Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 10, 28–31(2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan N, Edwards ET, Cupps TR, Oliverio PJ, Sandberg G, Crayton H, Demyelination occurring during antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum. 44, 2862–2869 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn J, Feng X, Patel N, Dhawan N, Reder AT. Abnormal levels of interferon-γ receptors in active multiple sclerosis are normalized by IFN-beta therapy: implications for control of apoptosis. Front Biosci. 9, 1547–1555 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlan R, Bergami A, Lang R, Brambilla E, Franciotta D, Martinelli V. Interferon-β treatment in multiple sclerosis patients decreases the number of circulating T-cells producing interferon-γ and interleukin-4. J. Neuroimmunol. 111, 86–92 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra C, Mameli G, Arru G, Sotgiu S, Rosati G, Dolei A. In vitro modulation of the multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated retrovirus by cytokines: implications for MS pathogenesis. J. Neurovirol. 9, 637–643 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada J, Yoshida M, Taylor AW, Streilein JW. Mice with Th-2-biased immune systems accept orthotopic corneal allografts placed in ‘high risk’ eyes. J. Immunol. 162, 5247–5255 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Kasparov A, Narbut N, Skurkovich B. Treatment of corneal transplant rejection in humans with anti-interferon-γ antibodies. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 133, 829–830 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasparov AA, Narbut NP, Skurkovich, BS, Skurkovich SV. Treatment of corneal transplant rejection using anti-interferon-γ and antitumor necrosis factor-alpha. In: New Technology in the Treatment of Diseases of the Cornea. Takhchidy KP (Ed.), Moscow, Russia, 200–202 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Nicoletti F, Meroni PL, Landolfo S et al. Prevention of Diabetes in BB/Wor rats treated with monoclonal antibodies to interferon-γ. Lancet 336(8710), 319 (1990).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Volkov IE, Delyagin VM, Rumyantzev AG, Skurkovich B. First use of anti-interferon (IFN)-γ in the treatment of Type I Diabetes in children. Berlin 8th International Workshop on Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity. Poster 1 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Rumyantsev AG, Volkov IE et al. First experience with anti-interferon-γ in children suffering from Type I Diabetes mellitus. Problems Hematol./Oncol. Immunopathol. Pediatrics 2, 81–83 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Volkov IE, Dyomina ES, Pashanov ED, Rumyantsev AG. First experience using Infleximab for the pathogenetic therapy of autommune insulitis in children with Diabetes mellitus Type 1. Questions Hematol./Oncol. Immunopathol. Pediatrics, 3 (4), 60–65 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Kukreja A, Maclaran NK. Autoimmunity and Diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 4371–4378 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santangelo C, Marchetti P, Marselli L et al. Suppressors of cytokine signaling in cytokine-induced human islet cell damage. Diabetologia 44 (Suppl. 1), 41 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Nicoletti F, Zaccone P, Di Marco R et al. Paradoxical antidiabetogenic effect of γ-interferon in DP-BB rats. Diabetes 47, 32–38 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Delyagin VM, Rumyantsev AG, Mel’nikova MB, Skurkovich B. AntiIFN-γ in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis in children. Berlin 8th International Workshop on Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity, Poster 18 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Skurkovich B, Bellanti JA. A unifying model of the immunoregulatory role of the interferon system: can interferon produce disease in humans? Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 43, 362–373 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Skurkovich B, Bellanti J. A disturbance of interferon synthesis with the hyperproduction of unusual kinds of interferon can trigger autoimmune disease and play a pathogenetic role in AIDS: the removal of these interferons can be therapeutic. Med. Hypotheses 42(1), 27–35 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preble OT, Black RJ, Friedman RM, Klippel JH, Vilcek J. Systemic lupus erythematosus: presence in human serum of an unusual acid-labile leukocyte interferon. Science 216, 429–431 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeStefano E, Friedman RM, Friedman-Kien AE et al. Acid-labile human leukocyte interferon in homosexual men with Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphadenopathy. J. Infect. Dis. 146, 451–459 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vadhan-Raj S, Wong G, Gnecco C et al. Immunological variables as predictors of prognosis in patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cancer Res. 46(1), 417–425 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bellanti JA, Skurkovich SV, Peters SM, Arias G. Treatment of AIDS patients with anti-α IFN-: an alternative approach. Second Annual Conference on Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Society, WA, USA (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Gringeri A, Musicco M, Hermans P et al. Active anti-interferon-alpha immunization: a European-Israeli, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 242 HIV-1-infected patients (the EURIS study). J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 20(4), 358–370 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gallo RC, Burny A, Zagury D. Targeting Tat and IFN (α) as a therapeutic AIDS vaccine. DNA Cell. Biol. 21(9), 611–618 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swindells S, Baldwin T, Kelly C, Baca-Regen L, Loomis L, Post D. Regulation and characterization of the interferon-α present in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 disease. J. Interferon Cytokine Res.16, 127–137 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau AS, Der SD, Read SE, Williams BR. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor expression by acid-labile interferon-α from AIDS sera. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 7(6), 545–552 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De SK, Devadas K, Notkins AL. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in human immunodeficiency virus Type 1-transgenic mice: prevention of death by antibody to TNF-α. J. Virol. 76, 11710–11714 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaylis N. Infliximab in the treatment of an HIV positive patient with Reiter’s syndrome. J. Rheumatol. 30(2), 407–411 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallis RS, Kyambadde P, Johnson JL et al. A study of the safety, immunology, virology, and microbiology of adjunctive etanercept in HIV-1-associated tuberculosis. AIDS 18(2), 257–264 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadha KC, Ambrus JL Jr, Dembinski W, Ambrus JL Sr. Interferons and interferon inhibitory activity in disease and therapy. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 229, 285–290 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thein C, Strange P, Hansen ER, Baadsgaard O. Lesional alopecia areata T-lymphocytes downregulate epithelial cell proliferation. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289, 384–388 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Korotky N, Sharova NM, Skurkovich B. Successful treatment with antiIFN-γ of alopecia areata (AA). Ninth International Congress of Dermatology, Beijing, China 289 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Freyschmidt-Paul P, Zöller M, McElwee KJ, Sundberg J, Happle R, Hoffmann R. The functional relevance of the Type 1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 in alopecia areata of C3H/HeJ mice. Plenary Workshop on Alopecia Areata, 4th Intercontinental Meeting of Hair Research Societies, Berlin, Germany (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Arca E, Musabak U, Akar A, Erbil AH, Tastan HB. Interferon-gamma in alopecia areata. Eur. J. Dermatol. 14, 33–36 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoller M, McElwee KJ, Vitacolonna M, Hoffmann R. The progressive state, in contrast to the stable or regressive state of alopecia areata, is reflected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exp. Dermatol. 13, 435–444 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Korotky N, Sharova N, Skurkovich B. Anti-interferon-γ to treat alopecia areata, psoriasis vulgaris, vitiligo, pemphigus vulgaris, and epidermolysis bullosa. In: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Congress of Allergology and Clinical Immunology: 12–15 October 2002. You-Young Kim et al. (Eds), Monduzzi Editore, Bologne, Italy, 121–125 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Prinz JC. Psoriasis vulgaris, streptococci and the immune system: a riddle to be solved soon? Scand J. Immunol. 45, 583–586 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown DW, Baker BS, Ovigne JM, Hardman C, Fowles AV, Fry L. Skin CD4+ T-cells produce interferon-gamma in vitro in response to streptococcal antigens in chronic plaque psoriasis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 114, 576–580 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Korotky N, Sharova NM, Skurkovich B. Successful anticytokine therapy in psoriasis. Ninth International Congress of Dermatology, Beijing, China, 288 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Ozawa M, Aiba S. Immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy 3, 137–144 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fierlbeck G, Rassner G, Muller C. Psoriasis induced at the injection site of recombinant interferon γ. Results of immunohistologic investigations. Arch. Dermatol. 126, 351–355 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga T, Duan H, Urabe K, Furue M. In situ localization of IFN-γ-positive cells in psoriatic lesional epidermis. Eur. J. Dermatol. 12, 20–23 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacob SE, Nassiri M, Kerdel FA, Vincek V. Simultaneous measurement of multiple Th-1 and Th-2 serum cytokines in psoriasis and correlation with disease severity. Mediators Inflamm. 12, 309–313 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis EG, Rush BR, Blecha F. Increases in cytokine and antimicrobial peptide gene expression in horses by immunomodulation with Propionibacterium acnes. Vet. Ther. 4, 5–11 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karpuzoglu-Sahin E, Hissong BD, Ansar Ahmed S. Interferon-γ levels are upregulated by 17-β-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol. J. Reprod. Immunol. 52, 113–127 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurkovich S, Skurkovich B, Korotky N, Sharova N, Lukina G, Sigidin Y. AntiIFN-γ as a universal treatment for Th-1-mediated skin diseases. 5th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies, MA, USA 62 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Faergemann J, Jones JC, Hettler O, Loria Y. Pityrosporum ovale (Malassezia furfur) as the causative agent of seborrhoeic dermatitis: new treatment options. Br. J. Dermatol. 134 (Suppl. 46), 12–15 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molinero LL, Gruber M, Leoni J, Woscoff A, Zwirner NW. Upregulated expression of MICA and pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin biopsies from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis. Clin. Immunol. 106, 50–54 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smoller BR, McNutt NS, Gray MH, Krueger J, Hsu A, Gottlieb AB. Detection of the interferon-γ-induced protein 10 in psoriasiform dermatitis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch. Dermatol. 126, 1457–1461 (1990).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rufli T, Buchner SA. T-cell subsets in acne rosacea lesions and the possible role of Demodex folliculorum. Dermatologica 169, 1–5 (1984).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu Q, Arseculeratne C, Liu Z et al. Simultaneous deficiency in CD28 and STAT6 results in chronic ectoparasite-induced inflammatory skin disease. Infect. Immun. 72, 3706–3715 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koga T, Duan H, Urabe K, Furue M. Immunohistochemical detection of interferon-gamma-producing cells in dermatophytosis. Eur. J. Dermatol. 11, 105–107 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan A, Farah CS, Savage NW, Walsh LJ, Harbrow DJ, Sugerman PB. Th-1 cytokines in oral lichen planus. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 32, 77–83 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• La Placa M, Vitone F, Bianchi T et al. Serum antibodies against human intracisternal A-type particle (HIAP) endogenous retrovirus in alopecia areata patients: a hallmark of autoimmune disease? J. Invest. Dermatol. 123(2), 407–409 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aurelian L, Ono F, Burnett J. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM): a viral disease with an autoimmune component. Dermatol. Online J. 9, 1 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kokuba H, Aurelian L, Burnett J. Herpes simplex virus associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) is mechanistically distinct from drug-induced erythema multiforme: interferon-gamma is expressed in HAEM lesions and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in drug-induced erythema multiforme lesions. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113, 808–815 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao ZS, Granucci F, Yeh L, Schaffer PA, Cantor H. Molecular mimicry by herpes simplex virus-type 1: autoimmune disease after viral infection. Science 279, 1344–1347 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardella R, Belletti L, Zoppi N, Marini D, Barlati S, Colombi M. Identification of two splicing mutations in the collagen Type VII gene (COL7A1)of a patient affected by the localisata variant of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59, 292–300 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buntinx M, Gielen E, Van Hummelen P et al. Cytokine-induced cell death in human oligodendroglial cell lines. II: Alterations in gene expression induced by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. J. Neurosci. Res. 76, 846–861 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korotky NG, Sharova NM, Skurkovich B, Skurkovich S. Striking therapeutic effects in a patient with dysplastic epidermolysis bullosa using antiIFN-γ (case report). Ninth International Congress of Dermatology, Beijing, China (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Chopra V, Tyring SK, Johnson L, Fine JD. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets in patients with severe inherited forms of epidermolysis bullosa. Arch. Dermatol. 128, 201–209 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tyring SK, Chopra V, Johnson L, Fine JD. Natural killer cell activity is reduced in patients with severe forms of inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Arch. Dermatol. 125, 797–800 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baxter AG, Smyth MJ. The role of NK cells in autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity 35, 1–14 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Kumar A, Creery WD, Ruben M, Giulivi A, Diaz-Mitoma F. Dysregulated expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 and impaired IFN-gamma-mediated responses at different disease stages in patients with genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 133, 97–107 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karlsson MG, Lawesson SS, Ludvigsson J. Th1-like dominance in high-risk first-degree relatives of Type I diabetic patients. Diabetologia 43, 742–749 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vreugdenhil GR, Wijnands PG, Netea MG, van der Meer JW, Melchers WJ, Galama JM. Enterovirus-induced production of pro-inflammatory and T-helper cytokines by human leukocytes. Cytokine 12(12), 1793–1796 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hari Y, Urwyler A, Hurni M et al. Distinct serum cytokine levels in drug- and measles-induces exanthema. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 120, 225–229 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin R, Vallbracht A, Kreth HW. Interferon-gamma secretion by in vivo activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid during mumps meningitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 33, 191–198 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohga S, Miyazaki C, Okada K, Akazawa K, Ueda K. The inflammatory cytokines in measles: correlation between serum interferon-gamma levels and lymphocyte subpopulations. Eur. J. Pediatr. 252, 492–496 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Deng C, Radu C, Diab A et al. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 regulates susceptibility to organ-specific autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 170, 2833–2842 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moreland LW. Drugs that block tumour necrosis factor: experience in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacoeconomics 22(2 Suppl), 39–53 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott DL. Pursuit of optimal outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacoecomics 22(Suppl. 2), 13–26 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gisondi P, Gubinelli E, Cocuroccia B, Girolomoni G. Targeting tumor necrosis factor-α in the therapy of psoriasis. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy. 3(2), 175–183 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wendling D, Toussirot E. AntiTNF-α therapy in ankylosing spondylitis. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 5(07), 1497–1507 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheinfeld N. A comprehensive review and evaluation of the side effects of the tumor necrosis factor α blockers etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab. J. Dermatolog. Treat. 15, 280–294 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Etefagh L, Nedorost S, Mirmirani P. Alopecia areata in a patient using infliximab: new insights into the role of tumor necrosis factor on human hair follicles. Arch. Dermatol. 140, 1012 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K, Miyasaka N et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 50(6), 1761–1769 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefano GB, Zhu W, Cadet P, Salamon E, Mantione KJ. Music alters constitutively expressed opiate and cytokine processes in listeners. Med. Sci. Monit. 10, MS18–MS27 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basili S, Martini F, Ferroni P et al. Effects of mud-pack treatment on plasma cytokine and soluble adhesion molecule levels in healthy volunteers. Clin. Chim. Acta 314, 209–124 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart TA, Hultgren B, Huang X, Pitts-Meek S, Hully J, MacLachlan NJ. Induction of Type I diabetes by interferon-α in transgenic mice. Science 260(5116), 1942–1946 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart TA. Neutralizing interferon α as a therapeutic approach to autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 14(2), 139–154 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff K, Stuetz A. Pimecrolimus for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 5, 643–655 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wauben-Penris PJ, Cerneus DP, van den Hoven WE, Leuven PJ, den Brok JH, Hall DW. Immunomodulatory effects of tretinoin in combination with clindamycin. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 11(Suppl. 1), S2–S7 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cippitelli M, Santoni A. Vitamin D3: a transcriptional modulator of the interferon-γ gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 3017–3030 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsonby AL, McMichael A, van der Mei I. Ultraviolet radiation and autoimmune disease: insights from epidemiological research. Toxicology 181–182, 71–78 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albers R, Bol M, Bleumink R, Willems AA, Pieters RH. Effects of supplementation with vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, and zinc on immune function in a murine sensitization model. Nutrition 19, 940–946 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thepen T, Langeveld-Wildschut EG, Bihari IC et al. Biphasic response against aeroallergen in atopic dermatitis showing a switch from an initial TH2 response to a TH1 response in situ: an immunocytochemical study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 97, 828–837 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loukina G, Sigidin YA, Pashkova O, Skurkovich B, Skurkovich S. Clinical response to anti-interferon (IFN)-γ and antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α compared in Th1-mediated autoimmune disease-rheumatoid arthritis(RA)-and Th1/Th2 disease (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]). ICI/FOCIS Conference, Montreal, Canada (2004) (Abstract W51.46).
   Google Scholar
• Skurkovich SV, Skurkovich B, Kelly JA. Anticytokine therapy-new approach to the treatment of autoimmune and cytokine-disturbance diseases. Med. Hypotheses 59, 770–780 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kristensson K, Aldskogius M, Peng ZC, Olsson T, Aldskogius H, Bentivoglio M. Co-induction of neuronal interferon-gamma and nitric oxide synthase in rat motor neurons after axotomy: a role in nerve repair or death? J. Neurocytol. 23, 453–459 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayden D. Pox: Genius, Madness, and the Mysteries of Syphilis. Basic Books, NY, USA (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Arroll TW, Centurion-Lara A, Lukehart SA, Van Voorhis WC. T-cell responses to Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum antigens during the course of experimental syphilis infection. Infect. Immun. 67(9), 4757–4763 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar