Accelerated telomere shortening in rheumatic diseases: cause or consequence?

References

• Miller RA. The aging immune system: primer and perspectus. Science 273(5271), (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Sohal RS, Weindruch R. Oxidative stress, caloric restriction, and aging. Science 273(5271), (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holt SE, Shay JW, Wright WE. Refine telomere-telomerase hypothesis of aging and cancer Nat. Biotechnol. 14(836), (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sampson MJ, Hughes DA. Chromosomal Telomere Attrition as a mechanism for increased risk of epithelial cancers and senescent phenotype in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 49 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Yung R, Julius A. Epigenetics, aging, and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 41(4), (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zahava V, Haj T, Kessel A, Toubi, E. Age related autoimmunity. Biomed. Central. 11 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Olovnikov A. A theory of marginotomy: the incomplete copying of template margin in Enzymatic synthesis of polynucleotides and biological significance of phenomenon. J.Theor. Biol. 41 (1973).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blackburn E. The structure and function of telomeres. Nature 350(6319), (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goronzy J, Shao L, Weyand CM. Immune aging and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 36(2), (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Fellstrom B et al. Telomere attrition is associated with inflammation, low fetuin A levels, and high mortality in prevalent haemodyalysis patients. J. Intern. Med. 263(3), (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costenbader K, Prescott J, Zee RY. Immunosenescence and rheumatoid arthritis: Does Telomere Shortening Predict Impending Disease? Autoimmunity Rev. 10(9), (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodes RJ, Hathcock KS, Weng NP. Telomeres in T and B cells. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2(9), (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goronzy J, Hiroshi F, Weyand CM. Telomeres, immune aging, and autoimmunity. Exp. Gerontol. 41 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Naylor K, Guangijn L, Vallejo AN et al. The influence of age on T-cell generation and TCR diversity. J.Immunol. 174 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga T. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 376(9746), (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Steer SE, Williams B, Kato JP et al. Reduced telomere length in rheumatoid arthrtitis is independent of disease activity and duration. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66(4), (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schonland SO, Lopez C, Widmann T et al. Premature telomeric loss in rheumatoid arthritis is genetically determined and involved in both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. PNAS 100(23), (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koetz K, Bryl E, Spickschen K et al. T-cell homeostasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PNAS 97(16), (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robertson JD, Gale RE, Wynn RF et al. Dynamics of telomere shortening in neutrophils and T lymphocytes during ageing and the relationship to skewed X chromosome inactivation patterns. Br. J. Haematol. 109 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rufer N, Brummendorf TH, Kolvraa S et al. Telomere fluoresensce measurements in granulocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets point to a higher turnover of HSC and memory T-cells in eary childhood. J. Exp. Med. 190 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yudoh K, Matsuno H, Nakazawa F, Katayama R, Kimura T. Reconstituting Telomerase activity using the telomerase catalytic subunit prevents the telomere shortening and replicative senescence in human osteoblasts. J. Bone Miner. Res. 16 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weng NP, Levine BL, June CH,Hodes RJ. Regulated expression of telomerase activity in human T-lymphocyte development and activation. J. Exp. Med. 183 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buckwalkter JA, Saltzman C, Brown T. The Impact of osteoarthritis: implications for research. Clin. Ortho. Relat. Res. 427 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Zhai G, Aviv A, Hunter DJ et al. Reduction of leukocyte telomere length in radiographic hand osteoarthritis: a population based study. Ann. Rheum.Dis. 65 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliveria SA, Felson DT, Reed JI, Cirillo PA, Walker AM. Incidence of symptomatic hand, hip, and knee osteoarthritis among patients in a health maintenance organization. Arthritis Rheum. 38 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin JA, Buckwalter JA. Telomere erosion and senescence in human articular cartilage chrondocytes. J.Gerontol. 56(4), 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Andrew T, Aviv A, Falchi M et al. Mapping genetic loci that determine leukocyte telomere length in a large sample of unselected female sibling pairs. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Napirei M, Karsunsky H, Stephan H, Mannherz-Georg H, Moroy T. Features of systemic lupus erythematosis in Dnase 1 deficient Mice. Nat. Gen. 25 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Honda M, Mengesha E, Albano S. Telomere shortening and decreased replicative potential constrasted by continued proliferation of telomerase positive CD8+ CD28 (lo) T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin. Immunol. 99 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kurosaka D, Yasuda J, Yoshida K et al. Telomerase activity and telomere length of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in SLE patients. Lupus 12 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Haque S, Rakieh C, Marriage F et al. Shortened telomere length in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 65(5), (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Hoffecker BM, Raffield LM, Kamen DL, Nowling TK. Systemic lupus erythematosus and Vitamin D deficiency are associated with shorter telomere length amonth african americans : a case control study. PLoS ONE 8(5), (2013).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwama H, Ohyashiki K, Ohyashiki JH. Telomeric length and telomerase activity vary with ae in peripheral blood cells obtained from normal individuals. Hum. Genet. 102 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hishikawa T, Tokano Y, Sekigawa I. HLA-DP T-cells and deficient IL-2 production in patents with systemic lupus erthematosus. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 55 (1990).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jimenez SA, Derk CT. Following molecular pathways towards an understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 140 (1), (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Artlett CM, Black CM, Briggs DC, Stevens CO, Welsh KI. Telomere reduction in scleroderma: a possible cause for chromosomal instability. Br. J. Rheumatol. 35(8), (1996).
   Google Scholar
• MacIntyre A, Brouilette SW, Lamb K et al. Assocaition of increased telomere lengths in limited scleroderma with a lack of age related telomere erosion. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67(12), (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Katayama Y,Kohriyama K. Telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of systemic connective tissue diseases. J. Rheumatol. 28(2), (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Tarhan F, Vural F, Kosova B et al. Telomerase activity in connective tissue diseases: elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, but markedly decreased in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol. Int. 28 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawashima M, Kawakita T, Maida Y et al. Comparison of Telomere Length and association with progenitor cell markers in lacrimal gland between Sjogren Syndrom and non Sjogren Syndrom dry eye patients. Mol. Vis. 17 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berenbaum F. Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 21(1), (2013).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blasco MA. Telomeres and human disease: ageing, cancer and beyond. Nat. Rev. Gen. 6 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morocutti A, Earle K, Sethi M et al. Premature senescence of skin fibroblasts from insulin depedent diabetic patients. Kidney Int. 50 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitzpatrick A, Kronmal RA, Gardner JP et al. Leukocyte telomere length and cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 165(1), (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhawan S, Quiyummi A. Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Curr. Artheroscler. Rep. 10(2), (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harst P, Steege G, Boer Rd et al. Telomere Length of circulating leukocytes is decreased in patients with chronic heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cadiol. 49(13), (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar