Crosstalk between dendritic cell subsets and implications for dendritic cell-based anticancer immunotherapy

References

• Banchereau J, Briere F, Caux C, et al. Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2000;18:767-811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teunissen MB, Haniffa M, Collin MP. Insight into the immunobiology of human skin and functional specialization of skin dendritic cell subsets to innovate intradermal vaccination design. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012;351:25-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banchereau J, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 1998;392(6673):245-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreibelt G, Tel J, Sliepen KH, et al. Toll-like receptor expression and function in human dendritic cell subsets: implications for dendritic cell-based anti-cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010;59(10):1573-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity 2011;34(5):637-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell 1997;91(3):295-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palm NW, Medzhitov R. Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2009;227(1):221-33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hemont C, Neel A, Heslan M, et al. Human blood mDC subsets exhibit distinct TLR repertoire and responsiveness. J Leukoc Biol 2013;93(4):599-609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi ME. DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger. J Leukoc Biol 2007;81(1):1-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trombetta ES, Mellman I. Cell biology of antigen processing in vitro and in vivo. Annu Rev Immunol 2005;23:975-1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakadamyali M, Rust MJ, Zhuang X. Ligands for clathrin-mediated endocytosis are differentially sorted into distinct populations of early endosomes. Cell 2006;124(5):997-1009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgdorf S, Kurts C. Endocytosis mechanisms and the cell biology of antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2008;20(1):89-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin ML, Zhan Y, Villadangos JA, Lew AM. The cell biology of cross-presentation and the role of dendritic cell subsets. Immunol Cell Biol 2008;86(4):353-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nierkens S, Tel J, Janssen E, Adema GJ. Antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cell subsets: one general or all sergeants? Trends Immunol 2013;34(8):361-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quah BJ, O’Neill HC. Maturation of function in dendritic cells for tolerance and immunity. J Cell Mol Med 2005;9(3):643-54
   Google Scholar
• Bakdash G, Sittig SP, van Dijk T, et al. The nature of activatory and tolerogenic dendritic cell-derived signal II. Front Immunol 2013;4:53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luther SA, Tang HL, Hyman PL, et al. Coexpression of the chemokines ELC and SLC by T zone stromal cells and deletion of the ELC gene in the plt/plt mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97(23):12694-9
   Google Scholar
• Kalinski P, Hilkens CM, Wierenga EA, Kapsenberg ML. T-cell priming by type-1 and type-2 polarized dendritic cells: the concept of a third signal. Immunol Today 1999;20(12):561-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keppler SJ, Rosenits K, Koegl T, et al. Signal 3 cytokines as modulators of primary immune responses during infections: the interplay of type I IFN and IL-12 in CD8 T cell responses. PLoS One 2012;7(7):e40865
   Google Scholar
• Kalinski P. Dendritic cells in immunotherapy of established cancer: roles of signals 1, 2, 3 and 4. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2009;10(6):526-35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sigmundsdottir H, Pan J, Debes GF, et al. DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to ’program’ T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27. Nat Immunol 2007;8(3):285-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung CY, Ysebaert D, Berneman ZN, Cools N. Dendritic cells: cellular mediators for immunological tolerance. Clin Dev Immunol 2013;2013:972865
   Google Scholar
• Vremec D, Zorbas M, Scollay R, et al. The surface phenotype of dendritic cells purified from mouse thymus and spleen: investigation of the CD8 expression by a subpopulation of dendritic cells. J Exp Med 1992;176(1):47-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccioli D, Sammicheli C, Tavarini S, et al. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are unresponsive to bacterial stimulation and require a novel type of cooperation with myeloid dendritic cells for maturation. Blood 2009;113(18):4232-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoneyama H, Matsuno K, Toda E, et al. Plasmacytoid DCs help lymph node DCs to induce anti-HSV CTLs. J Exp Med 2005;202(3):425-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassianos AJ, Hardy MY, Ju X, et al. Human CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myeloid dendritic cells secrete IL-10 and display an immuno-regulatory phenotype and function in response to Escherichia coli. Eur J Immunol 2012;42(6):1512-22
   Google Scholar
• Tel J, van der Leun AM, Figdor CG, et al. Harnessing human plasmacytoid dendritic cells as professional APCs. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012;61(8):1279-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccioli D, Tavarini S, Borgogni E, et al. Functional specialization of human circulating CD16 and CD1c myeloid dendritic-cell subsets. Blood 2007;109(12):5371-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao W, Rosen DB, Ito T, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell-specific receptor ILT7-Fc epsilonRI gamma inhibits Toll-like receptor-induced interferon production. J Exp Med 2006;203(6):1399-405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstedt M, Lundberg K, Borrebaeck CA. Gene family clustering identifies functionally associated subsets of human in vivo blood and tonsillar dendritic cells. J Immunol 2005;175(8):4839-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadowaki N, Antonenko S, Lau JY, Liu YJ. Natural interferon alpha/beta-producing cells link innate and adaptive immunity. J Exp Med 2000;192(2):219-26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farkas L, Kvale EO, Johansen FE, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells activate allergen-specific TH2 memory cells: modulation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114(2):436-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad C, Meller S, Gilliet M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the skin: to sense or not to sense nucleic acids. Semin Immunol 2009;21(3):101-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treilleux I, Blay JY, Bendriss-Vermare N, et al. Dendritic cell infiltration and prognosis of early stage breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10(22):7466-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labidi-Galy SI, Sisirak V, Meeus P, et al. Quantitative and functional alterations of plasmacytoid dendritic cells contribute to immune tolerance in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2011;71(16):5423-34
   Google Scholar
• Karthaus N, Torensma R, Tel J. Deciphering the message broadcast by tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells. Am J Pathol 2012;181(3):733-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarrossay D, Napolitani G, Colonna M, et al. Specialization and complementarity in microbial molecule recognition by human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2001;31(11):3388-93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nizzoli G, Krietsch J, Weick A, et al. Human CD1c+ dendritic cells secrete high levels of IL-12 and potently prime cytotoxic T-cell responses. Blood 2013;122(6):932-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot R, van Beelen AJ, Bakdash G, et al. Viral dsRNA-activated human dendritic cells produce IL-27, which selectively promotes cytotoxicity in naive CD8+ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2012;92(3):605-10
   Google Scholar
• Breckpot K, Escors D, Arce F, et al. HIV-1 lentiviral vector immunogenicity is mediated by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR7. J Virol 2010;84(11):5627-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyvaerts C, Kurt de G, Van Lint S, et al. Immunogenicity of targeted lentivectors. Oncotarget 2014;5(3):704-15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaw J, Wang YH, Ito T, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate B-cell growth and differentiation via CD70. Blood 2010;115(15):3051-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao L, Tyrrell DL. Myeloid dendritic cells can kill T cells during chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Viral Immunol 2013;26(1):25-39
   Google Scholar
• Di Pucchio T, Chatterjee B, Smed-Sorensen A, et al. Direct proteasome-independent cross-presentation of viral antigen by plasmacytoid dendritic cells on major histocompatibility complex class I. Nat Immunol 2008;9:551-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeffel G, Ripoche AC, Matheoud D, et al. Antigen crosspresentation by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunity 2007;27(3):481-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tel J, Aarntzen EH, Baba T, et al. Natural human plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce antigen-specific T-cell responses in melanoma patients. Cancer Res 2013;73(3):1063-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tel J, Schreibelt G, Sittig SP, et al. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells efficiently cross-present exogenous Ags to CD8+ T cells despite lower Ag uptake than myeloid dendritic cell subsets. Blood 2013;121(3):459-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tel J, Anguille S, Waterborg CE, et al. Tumoricidal activity of human dendritic cells. Trends Immunol 2014;35(1):38-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roothans D, Smits E, Lion E, et al. CD56 marks human dendritic cell subsets with cytotoxic potential. Oncoimmunology 2013;2(2):e23037
   Google Scholar
• Tel J, Smits EL, Anguille S, et al. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are equipped with antigen-presenting and tumoricidal capacities. Blood 2012;120(19):3936-44
   Google Scholar
• Lande R, Gilliet M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: key players in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010;1183:89-103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med 1994;179(4):1109-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon B, Lopez-Bravo M, Ardavin C. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells formed at the infection site control the induction of protective T helper 1 responses against Leishmania. Immunity 2007;26(4):519-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greter M, Helft J, Chow A, et al. GM-CSF controls nonlymphoid tissue dendritic cell homeostasis but is dispensable for the differentiation of inflammatory dendritic cells. Immunity 2012;36(6):1031-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammad H, Plantinga M, Deswarte K, et al. Inflammatory dendritic cells – not basophils – are necessary and sufficient for induction of Th2 immunity to inhaled house dust mite allergen. J Exp Med 2010;207(10):2097-111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell IK, van Nieuwenhuijze A, Segura E, et al. Differentiation of inflammatory dendritic cells is mediated by NF-kappaB1-dependent GM-CSF production in CD4 T cells. J Immunol 2011;186(9):5468-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segura E, Touzot M, Bohineust A, et al. Human inflammatory dendritic cells induce Th17 cell differentiation. Immunity 2013;38(2):336-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimbeni M, Perie L, Chorro L, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells accumulate in spleens from chronically HIV-infected patients but barely participate in interferon-alpha expression. Blood 2009;113(24):6112-19
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Cabezas B, Naranjo-Gomez M, Ruiz-Riol M, et al. TLR-activated conventional DCs promote gamma-secretase-mediated conditioning of plasmacytoid DCs. J Leukoc Biol 2012;92(1):133-43
   Google Scholar
• Vermi W, Lonardi S, Morassi M, et al. Cutaneous distribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lupus erythematosus. Selective tropism at the site of epithelial apoptotic damage. Immunobiology 2009;14(9-10):877-86
   Google Scholar
• Fonteneau JF, Larsson M, Beignon AS, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and concomitantly induces the bystander maturation of myeloid dendritic cells. J Virol 2004;78(10):5223-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, et al. HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages. Nat Med 2003;9(2):191-7
   Google Scholar
• Tan PH, Beutelspacher SC, Xue SA, et al. Modulation of human dendritic-cell function following transduction with viral vectors: implications for gene therapy. Blood 2005;105(10):3824-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer M, Schulte BM, Eleveld-Trancikova D, et al. Cross-talk between human dendritic cell subsets influences expression of RNA sensors and inhibits picornavirus infection. J Innate Immun 2010;2(4):360-70
   Google Scholar
• Kuwajima S, Sato T, Ishida K, et al. Interleukin 15-dependent crosstalk between conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells is essential for CpG-induced immune activation. Nat Immunol 2006;7(7):740-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cantisani R, Sammicheli C, Tavarini S, et al. Surface molecules on stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells are sufficient to cross-activate resting myeloid dendritic cells. Hum Immunol 2011;72(11):1018-21
   Google Scholar
• Jonuleit H, Wiedemann K, Muller G, et al. Induction of IL-15 messenger RNA and protein in human blood-derived dendritic cells: a role for IL-15 in attraction of T cells. J Immunol 1997;158(6):2610-15
   Google Scholar
• Ferlazzo G, Pack M, Thomas D, et al. Distinct roles of IL-12 and IL-15 in human natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells from secondary lymphoid organs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101(47):16606-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallandre JR, Krzewski K, Bedel R, et al. Dendritic cell and natural killer cell cross-talk: a pivotal role of CX3CL1 in NK cytoskeleton organization and activation. Blood 2008;112(12):4420-4
   Google Scholar
• Joly E, Hudrisier D. What is trogocytosis and what is its purpose? Nat Immunol 2003;4(9):815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed KA, Xiang J. Mechanisms of cellular communication through intercellular protein transfer. J Cell Mol Med 2011;15(7):1458-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakim LM, Bevan MJ. Cross-dressed dendritic cells drive memory CD8+ T-cell activation after viral infection. Nature 2011;471(7340):629-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salio M, Cella M, Vermi W, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells prime IFN-gamma-secreting melanoma-specific CD8 lymphocytes and are found in primary melanoma lesions. Eur J Immunol 2003;33(4):1052-62
   Google Scholar
• Hartmann E, Wollenberg B, Rothenfusser S, et al. Identification and functional analysis of tumor-infiltrating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2003;63(19):6478-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou W, Machelon V, Coulomb-L’Hermin A, et al. Stromal-derived factor-1 in human tumors recruits and alters the function of plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells. Nat Med 2001;7(12):1339-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigel BJ, Nath N, Taylor PA, et al. Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses. Blood 2002;100(12):4169-76
   Google Scholar
• Seo MJ, Kim GR, Son YM, et al. Interactions of dendritic cells with cancer cells and modulation of surface molecules affect functional properties of CD8+ T cells. Mol Immunol 2011;48(15-16):1744-52
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan D, Singh AV, Brahmandam M, et al. Functional interaction of plasmacytoid dendritic cells with multiple myeloma cells: a therapeutic target. Cancer Cell 2009;16(4):309-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nierkens S, den Brok MH, Garcia Z, et al. Immune adjuvant efficacy of CpG oligonucleotide in cancer treatment is founded specifically upon TLR9 function in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Cancer Res 2011;71(20):6428-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou Y, Liu C, Kim GJ, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells synergize with myeloid dendritic cells in the induction of antigen-specific antitumor immune responses. J Immunol 2007;178(3):1534-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner A, Rothenfusser S, Hornung V, et al. CpG ODN enhance antigen-specific NKT cell activation via plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2005;35(8):2347-57
   Google Scholar
• Montoya CJ, Jie HB, Al-Harthi L, et al. Activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells with TLR9 agonists initiates invariant NKT cell-mediated cross-talk with myeloid dendritic cells. J Immunol 2006;177(2):1028-39
   Google Scholar
• Gerosa F, Gobbi A, Zorzi P, et al. The reciprocal interaction of NK cells with plasmacytoid or myeloid dendritic cells profoundly affects innate resistance functions. J Immunol 2005;174(2):727-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Sinha P, Beury DW, Clements VK. Cross-talk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), macrophages, and dendritic cells enhances tumor-induced immune suppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2012;22(4):275-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteside TL. Regulatory T cell subsets in human cancer: are they regulating for or against tumor progression? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014;63(1):67-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshmi Narendra B, Eshvendar Reddy K, Shantikumar S, Ramakrishna S. Immune system: a double-edged sword in cancer. Inflamm Res 2013;62(9):823-34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cook J, Hagemann T. Tumour-associated macrophages and cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013;13(4):595-601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banchereau J, Palucka AK. Dendritic cells as therapeutic vaccines against cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5(4):296-306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• den Brok MH, Nierkens S, Figdor CG, et al. Dendritic cells: tools and targets for antitumor vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2005;4(5):699-710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuyaerts S, Aerts JL, Corthals J, et al. Current approaches in dendritic cell generation and future implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007;56(10):1513-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackensen A, Herbst B, Chen JL, et al. Phase I study in melanoma patients of a vaccine with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells generated in vitro from CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells. Int J Cancer 2000;86(3):385-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banchereau J, Palucka AK, Dhodapkar M, et al. Immune and clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma to CD34(+) progenitor-derived dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Res 2001;61(17):6451-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuler-Thurner B, Schultz ES, Berger TG, et al. Rapid Induction of Tumor-specific Type 1 T Helper Cells in Metastatic Melanoma Patients by Vaccination with Mature, Cryopreserved, Peptide-loaded Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells. J Exp Med 2002;195(10):1279-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonhartsberger N, Ramoner R, Falkensammer C, et al. Quality of life during dendritic cell vaccination against metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012;61(9):1407-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries IJ, Lesterhuis WJ, Scharenborg NM, et al. Maturation of dendritic cells is a prerequisite for inducing immune responses in advanced melanoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9(14):5091-100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilgenhof S, Van Nuffel AM, Benteyn D, et al. A phase IB study on intravenous synthetic mRNA electroporated dendritic cell immunotherapy in pretreated advanced melanoma patients. Ann Oncol 2013;24(10):2686-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestle FO, Alijagic S, Gilliet M, et al. Vaccination of melanoma patients with peptide- or tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat Med 1998;4(3):328-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhodapkar MV, Krasovsky J, Steinman RM, Bhardwaj N. Mature dendritic cells boost functionally superior CD8(+) T-cell in humans without foreign helper epitopes. J Clin Invest 2000;105(6):R9-R14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreibelt G, Benitez-Ribas D, Schuurhuis D, et al. Commonly used prophylactic vaccines as an alternative for synthetically produced TLR ligands to mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 2010;116(4):564-74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Vries IJ, Tel J, Benitez-Ribas D, et al. Prophylactic vaccines mimic synthetic CpG oligonucleotides in their ability to modulate immune responses. Mol Immunol 2011;48(6-7):810-17
   Google Scholar
• Mathan TS, Figdor CG, Buschow SI. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells: from molecules to intercellular communication network. Front Immunol 2013;4:372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond MS, Kinder M, Matsushita H, et al. Type I interferon is selectively required by dendritic cells for immune rejection of tumors. J Exp Med 2011;208(10):1989-2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuertes MB, Kacha AK, Kline J, et al. Host type I IFN signals are required for antitumor CD8+ T cell responses through CD8{alpha}+ dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2011;208(10):2005-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anguille S, Lion E, Willemen Y, et al. Interferon-alpha in acute myeloid leukemia: an old drug revisited. Leukemia 2011;25(5):739-48
   Google Scholar
• Ascierto PA, Gogas HJ, Grob JJ, et al. Adjuvant interferon alfa in malignant melanoma: an interdisciplinary and multinational expert review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013;85(2):149-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood JM, Bender C, Agarwala S, et al. Mechanisms and management of toxicities associated with high-dose interferon alfa-2b therapy. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(17):3703-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lattanzi L, Rozera C, Marescotti D, et al. IFN-alpha boosts epitope cross-presentation by dendritic cells via modulation of proteasome activity. Immunobiology 2011;216(5):537-47
   Google Scholar
• Lorenzi S, Mattei F, Sistigu A, et al. Type I IFNs control antigen retention and survival of CD8alpha(+) dendritic cells after uptake of tumor apoptotic cells leading to cross-priming. J Immunol 2011;186(9):5142-50
   Google Scholar
• Spadaro F, Lapenta C, Donati S, et al. IFN-alpha enhances cross-presentation in human dendritic cells by modulating antigen survival, endocytic routing, and processing. Blood 2012;119(6):1407-17
   Google Scholar
• Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 2010;363(8):711-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 2011;364(26):2517-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med 2011;364(26):2507-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochet NM, Kottschade LA, Markovic SN. Vemurafenib for melanoma metastases to the brain. N Engl J Med 2011;365(25):2439-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartzentruber DJ, Lawson DH, Richards JM, et al. gp100 peptide vaccine and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med 2011;364(22):2119-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM, Gooding WE, et al. Durable complete responses with high-dose bolus interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma who have experienced progression after biochemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(25):3802-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong L, Small EJ. Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody: the first in an emerging class of immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer treatment. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(32):5275-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar