5
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

A fresh look at an old story: revisiting HLA class II antigen expression by melanoma cells

&
Pages 805-823 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Chang CC, Campoli M, Ferrone S. Classical and nonclassical HLA class I antigen and NK cell-activating ligand changes in malignant cells: current challenges and future directions. Adv. Cancer Res.93, 189–234 (2005).
  • Smyth MJ, Godfrey DI, Trapani JA. A fresh look at tumor immunosurveillance and immunotherapy. Nat. Immunol.2, 293–299 (2001).
  • Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Animal models of tumor immunity, immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. Curr. Opin. Immunol.16, 143–150 (2004).
  • Moretta L, Bottino C, Pende D, Vitale M, Mingari MC, Moretta A. Human natural killer cells: molecular mechanisms controlling NK cell activation and tumor cell lysis. Immunol. Lett.100, 7–13 (2005).
  • Knutson KL, Disis ML. Tumor antigen-specific T helper cells in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.54, 721–728 (2005).
  • Marsman M, Jordens I, Griekspoor A, Neefjes J. Chaperoning antigen presentation by MHC class II molecules and their role in oncogenesis. Adv. Cancer Res.93, 129–158 (2005).
  • Ruiter DJ, van Duinen SG, Tsujisaki M, Ferrone S. Class II HLA antigens in benign and malignant lesions of melanocytic origin. In: HLA Class II Antigens: A Comprehensive Review of Structure and Function. Solheim BG, Moller E, Ferrone S (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Germany 429–441 (1986).
  • Brocker EB, Suter L, Sorg C. HLA-DR antigen expression in primary melanomas of the skin. J. Invest. Dermatol.82, 244–247 (1984).
  • Brocker EB, Suter L, Bruggen J, Ruiter DJ, Macher E, Sorg C. Phenotypic dynamics of tumor progression in human malignant melanoma. Int. J. Cancer36, 29–35 (1985).
  • Natali P, Bigotti A, Cavaliere R, Liao SK, Taniguchi M, Matsui M, Ferrone S. Heterogeneous expression of melanoma-associated antigens and HLA antigens by primary and multiple metastatic lesions removed from patients with melanoma. Cancer Res.45, 2883–2889 (1985).
  • Fossati G, Anichini A, Taramelli D et al Immune response to autologous human melanoma: implication of class I and II MHC products. Biochim. Biophys. Acta.865, 235–251 (1986).
  • D’Alessandro G, Zardawi I, Grace J, McCarthy WH, Hersey P. Immunohistological evaluation of MHC class I and II antigen expression on nevi and melanoma: relation to biology of melanoma. Pathology19, 339–346 (1987).
  • Natali PG, Bigotti A, Cavaliere R, Ruiter DJ, Ferrone S. HLA class II antigens synthesized by melanoma cells. Cancer Rev.9, 1–33 (1987).
  • Tsujisaki M, Igarashi M, Sakaguchi K, Eisinger M, Herlyn M, Ferrone S. Immunochemical and functional analysis of HLA class II antigens induced by recombinant immune interferon on normal epidermal melanocytes. J. Immunol.138, 1310–1316 (1987).
  • Lopez-Nevot MA, Garcia E, Romero C, Oliva MR, Serrano S, Garrido F. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigen expression on human melanomas. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet.5, 203–212 (1988).
  • Maio M, Gulwani B, Tombesi S et al. Differential induction by immune interferon of the gene products of the HLA-D region on the melanoma cell line MeWo and its metastatic variant MeM 50-10. J. Immunol.141, 913–920 (1988).
  • van Duinen SG, Ruiter DJ, Broecker EB et al. Level of HLA antigens in locoregional metastases and clinical course of the disease in patients with melanoma. Cancer Res.48, 1019–1025 (1988).
  • van Vreeswijk H, Ruiter DJ, Brocker EB, Welvaart K, Ferrone S. Differential expression of HLA-DR, DQ and DP antigens in primary and metastatic melanoma. J. Invest. Dermatol.90, 755–760 (1988).
  • Zaloudik J, Moore M, Ghosh AK, Mechl Z, Rejthar A. DNA content and MHC class II antigen expression in malignant melanoma: clinical course. J. Clin. Pathol.41, 1078–1084 (1988).
  • Maio M, Gulwani B, Langer JA et al. Modulation by interferons of HLA antigen, high-molecular-weight melanoma associated antigen, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression by cultured melanoma cells with different metastatic potential. Cancer Res.49, 2980–2987 (1989).
  • Maio M, Gulwani B, Morgano A, Ferrone S. Differential modulation by tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon of HLA class-II antigens expressed by melanoma cells. Int. J. Cancer44, 554–559 (1989).
  • Natali PG, Bigotti A, Nicotra MR et al. Analysis of the antigenic profile of uveal melanoma lesions with anti-cutaneous melanoma-associated antigen and anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res.49, 1269–1274 (1989).
  • West KP, Priyakumar P, Jagjivan R, Colloby PS. Can HLA-DR expression help in the routine diagnosis of malignant melanomas? Br. J. Dermatol.121, 175–178 (1989).
  • Elder DE, Rodeck U, Thurin J et al. Antigenic profile of tumor progression states in human melanocytic nevi and melanomas. Cancer Res.49, 5091–5096 (1989).
  • Berdowska I. Cysteine proteases as disease markers. Clin. Chim. Acta.342, 41–69 (2004).
  • Creswell P (Guest Ed.). Antigen processing and presentation. Immunol. Rev.207, 5–313 (2005).
  • Reith W, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Waldburger JM. Regulation of MHC class II gene expression by the class II transactivator. Nat. Rev. Immunol.5, 793–806 (2005).
  • Ruiter DJ, Mattijssen V, Broecker EB, Ferrone S. MHC antigens in human melanomas. Sem. Cancer Biol.2, 35–45 (1991).
  • Wollina U, Kilian U, Henkel U, Schaarschmidt H, Knopf B. The initial steps of tumor progression in melanocytic lineages: a histochemical approach. Anticancer Res.11, 1405–1414 (1991).
  • Colloby PS, West KP, Fletcher A. Is poor prognosis really related to HLA-DR expression by malignant melanoma cells? Histopathology20, 411–416 (1992).
  • Barnhill RL. Pathology and prognostic factors. Curr. Opin. Oncol.5, 364–376 (1993).
  • Si Z, Hersey P. Expression of the neuroglandular antigen and analogues in melanoma. CD9 expression appears inversely related to metastatic potential of melanoma. Int. J. Cancer54, 37–43 (1993).
  • Moretti S, Pinzi C, Berti E et al. In situ expression of transforming growth factor β is associated with melanoma progression and correlates with Ki67, HLA-DR and β 3 integrin expression. Melanoma Res.7, 313–321 (1997).
  • Ostmeier H, Fuchs B, Otto F, et al. Can immunohistochemical markers and mitotic rate improve prognostic precision in patients with primary melanoma? Cancer85, 2391–2399 (1999).
  • Ostmeier H, Fuchs B, Otto F et al. Prognostic immunohistochemical markers of primary human melanomas. Br. J. Dermatol.145, 203–209 (2001).
  • Ricaniadis N, Kataki A, Agnantis N, Androulakis G, Karakousis CP. Long-term prognostic significance of HSP-70, c-myc and HLA-DR expression in patients with malignant melanoma. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol.27, 88–93 (2001).
  • Altomonte M, Fonsatti E, Visintin A, Maio M. Targeted therapy of solid malignancies via HLA class II antigens: a new biotherapeutic approach? Oncogene22, 6564–6569 (2003).
  • Bernsen MR, Hakansson L, Gustafsson B et al. On the biological relevance of MHC class II and B7 expression by tumour cells in melanoma metastases. Br. J. Cancer88, 424–431 (2003).
  • Marks MS, Theos AC, Raposo G. Melanosomes and MHC class II antigen-processing compartments: a tinted view of intracellular trafficking and immunity. Immunol. Res.27, 409–426 (2003).
  • Thery C, Amigorena S. The cell biology of antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol.13, 45–51 (2001).
  • Natali PG, Bigotti A, Nicotra MR, Viora M, Manfredi D, Ferrone S. Distribution of human class I (HLA-A,B,C) histocompatibility antigens in normal and malignant tissues of nonlymphoid origin. Cancer Res.44, 4679–4687 (1984).
  • Barry M, Bleackley RC. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: all roads lead to death. Nat. Rev. Immunol.2, 401–409 (2002).
  • Parmiani G, Castelli C, Dalerba P et al. Cancer immunotherapy with peptide-based vaccines: what have we achieved? Where are we going? J. Natl. Cancer Inst.94, 805–818 (2002).
  • Bluestone JA, Tang Q. How do CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control autoimmunity? Curr. Opin. Immunol.17, 638–642 (2005).
  • Chattopadhyay S, Chakraborty NG, Mukherji B. Regulatory T cells and tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.54, 1153–1161 (2005).
  • Zhu X, Bavari S, Ulrich R et al. A recombinant single-chain human class II MHC molecule (HLA-DR1) as a covalently linked heterotrimer of α chain, β chain, and antigenic peptide, with immunogenicity in vitro and reduced affinity for bacterial superantigens. Eur. J. Immunol.27, 1933–1941 (1997).
  • Igarashi M, Imberti L, Maio M et al. Preparation, Characterization and utilization of monoclonal antibodies to gene products of the hla-d region, with special emphasis on those to polymorphic determinants. In: HLA Class II Antigens: A Comprehensive Review of Structure and Function. Solheim BG, Moller E, Ferrone S (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany 224–248 (1986).
  • Chan JKC. Advances in immunohistochemistry: impact on surgical pathology practice. Semin. Diagn. Pathol.17, 170–177 (2000).
  • Dabbs DJ. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Science (2002).
  • Wilson BS, Herzig MA, Lloyd RV. Immunoperoxidase staining for Ia-like antigens in paraffin-embedded tissues from human melanoma and lung carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol.115, 102–108 (1984).
  • Giacomini P, Tecce R, Nicotra MR, Cohen BB, Mazzilli MC, Natali PG. mAb KUL/05 identifies a denaturation-resistant determinant shared by class II MHC products DR, DQ and DP. J. Immunogenet.16, 203–216 (1989).
  • Temponi M, Kekish U, Hamby CV, Nielsen H, Marboe CC, Ferrone S. Characterization of anti-HLA class II monoclonal antibody LGII-612.14 reacting with formalin fixed tissues. J. Immunol. Methods.161, 239–256 (1993).
  • Garrido F, Cabrera T, Accolla RS et al. HLA and cancer: 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop study. In: Genetic Diversity of HLA. Functional and Medical Implication. Proc. Twelfth International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. Volume. II. Charron D (Ed.). EDK, Sevres, France 445–452 (1997).
  • Kageshita T, Hirai S, Ono T, Hicklin DJ, Ferrone S. Downregulation of HLA class I antigen-processing molecules in malignant melanoma: association with disease progression. Am. J. Pathol.154, 745–754 (1999).
  • Campoli M, Cheney R, Rebmann V et al. HLA antigen changes and cancer: A report from the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop. In: “HLA 2004: Immunobiology of the Human MHC. Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Congress Volume II. Hansen J, Dupont B (Eds). IHWG Press, WA, USA 445–452 (2004).
  • Tarnok A, Gerstner AO. Clinical applications of laser scanning cytometry. Cytometry50, 133–143 (2002).
  • Garbe C, Krasagakis K. Effects of interferons and cytokines on melanoma cells. J. Invest. Dermatol.100, 239S–244S (1993).
  • Jager MJ, Hurks HM, Levitskaya J, Kiessling R. HLA expression in uveal melanoma: there is no rule without some exception. Hum. Immunol.63, 444–451 (2002).
  • Radosevich M, Ono SJ. Novel mechanisms of class II major histocompatibility complex gene regulation. Immunol. Res.27, 85–106 (2003).
  • Radosevich M, Song Z, Gorga JC, Ksander B, Ono SJ. Epigenetic silencing of the CIITA gene and posttranscriptional regulation of class II MHC genes in uveal melanoma cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45, 3185–3195 (2004).
  • Matsui M, Temponi M, Ferrone S. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody-defined human melanoma-associated antigen susceptible to induction by immune interferon. J. Immunol.139, 2088–2095 (1987).
  • Bene L, Bodnar A, Damjanovich S et al. Membrane topography of HLA I, HLA II, and ICAM-1 is affected by IFN-γ in lipid rafts of uveal melanomas. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.322, 678–683 (2004).
  • Sarkar S, Glassy MC, Ferrone S, Jones OW. Cell cycle and the differential expression of HLA-A,B and HLA-DR antigens on human B lymphoid cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA77, 7297–7301 (1980).
  • Ericsson C, Seregard S, Bartolazzi A et al. Association of HLA class I and class II antigen expression and mortality in uveal melanoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.42, 2153–2156 (2001).
  • Campoli M, Chang CC, Oldford SA, Edgecombe AD, Drover S, Ferrone S. HLA antigen changes in malignant tumors of mammary epithelial origin: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Breast Dis.20, 105–125 (2004).
  • Cabrera T, Ruiz-Cabello F, Garrido F. Biological implications of HLA-DR expression in tumours. Scand. J. Immunol.41, 398–406 (1995).
  • Lazaris AC, Theodoropoulos GE, Davaris PS et al. Heat shock protein 70 and HLA-DR molecules tissue expression. Prognostic implications in colorectal cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum38, 739–745 (1995).
  • Markovic-Lipkovski J, Brasanac D, Todorovic V, Muller CA, Muller GA. Immunomorphological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma. Histol. Histopathol.10, 651–659 (1995).
  • Morita M, Tanaka K, Kawanishi H et al. Immunohistochemically demonstrated expression of HLA-DR antigen in colorectal adenocarcinomas and its relation to clinicopathological features. J. Surg. Oncol.59, 233–238 (1995).
  • Ricci G, Colombo C, Ghiazza B, Porta C, Moroni M, Illeni MT. HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ expression and hepatocellular carcinoma: study of 205 Italian subjects. Cancer Lett.98, 121–125 (1995).
  • Rompel R, Petres J, Kaupert K, Muller-Eckhardt G. Human leukocyte antigens and multiple basal cell carcinomas. Recent Results Cancer Res.139, 297–302 (1995).
  • Ohmori T, Okada K, Arita N, Watanabe Y, Miyazaki T, Tabei R. Characteristics of MHC antigen expression and tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells in renal cell adenomas and carcinomas. Histol. Histopathol.10, 789–794 (1995).
  • Rockett JC, Darnton SJ, Crocker J, Matthews HR, Morris AG. Expression of HLA-ABC, HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in oesophageal carcinoma. J. Clin. Pathol.48, 539–544 (1995).
  • Seliger B, Maeurer MJ, Ferrone S. Antigen-processing machinery breakdown and tumor growth. Immunol. Today21, 455–464 (2000).
  • Ioachim E, Charchanti A, Stavropoulos NE, Skopelitou A, Athanassiou ED, Agnantis NJ. Immunohistochemical expression of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb), p53 protein, MDM2, c-erbB-2, HLA-DR and proliferation indices in human urinary bladder carcinoma. Histol. Histopathol.15, 721–727 (2000).
  • Bustin SA, Li SR, Phillips S, Dorudi S. Expression of HLA class II in colorectal cancer: evidence for enhanced immunogenicity of microsatellite-instability-positive tumours. Tumor Biol.22, 294–298 (2001).
  • Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Tokuda K et al. Invariant chain expression in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett.168, 87–91 (2001).
  • Le YS, Kim TE, Kim BK et al. Alterations of HLA class I and class II antigen expressions in borderline, invasive and metastatic ovarian cancers. Exp. Mol. Med.34, 18–26 (2002).
  • Lovig T, Andersen SN, Thorstensen L et al. Strong HLA-DR expression in microsatellite stable carcinomas of the large bowel is associated with good prognosis. Br. J. Cancer87, 756–762 (2002).
  • Shabtai M, Ye H, Frischer Z, Martin J, Waltzer WC, Malinowski K. Increased expression of activation markers in renal cell carcinoma infiltrating lymphocytes. J. Urol.168, 2216–2219 (2002).
  • Chil A, Sikorski M, Bobek M, Jakiel G, Marcinkiewicz J. Alterations in the expression of selected MHC antigens in premalignant lesions and squamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Acta. Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.82, 1146–1152 (2003).
  • Tamiolakis D, Kotini A, Venizelos J, Jivannakis T, Simopoulos C, Papadopoulos N. Prognostic significance of HLA-DR antigen in serous ovarian tumors. Clin. Exp. Med.3, 113–118 (2003).
  • Rangel LB, Agarwal R, Sherman-Baust CA, et al. Anomalous expression of the HLA-DR α and β chains in ovarian and other cancers. Cancer Biol. Ther.3, 1021–1027 (2004).
  • Matoba K, Iizuka N, Gondo T et al. Tumor HLA-DR expression linked to early intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer115, 231–240 (2005).
  • Schoniger-Hekele M, Hanel S, Wrba F, Muller C. Hepatocellular carcinoma – survival and clinical characteristics in relation to various histologic molecular markers in Western patients. Liver Int.25, 62–69 (2005).
  • Drexler HG, Gignac SM, Brenner MK, Coustan-Smith E, Janossy G, Hoffbrand AV. Differential expression of MHC class II antigens in chronic B-cell disorders. Clin. Exp. Immunol.71, 217–223 (1988).
  • Lecchi M, Lovisone E, Genetta C, Peruccio D, Resegotti L, Richiardi P. Gamma-IFN induces a differential expression of HLA-DR, DQ and DP antigens on peripheral blood myeloid leukemic blasts at various stages of differentiation. Leuk. Res.13, 221–226 (1989).
  • Ong GL, Goldenberg DM, Hansen HJ, Mattes MJ. Cell surface expression and metabolism of major histocompatibility complex class II invariant chain (CD74) by diverse cell lines. Immunology98, 296–302 (1999).
  • Nistico P, Tecce R, Giacomini P et al. Effect of recombinant human leukocyte, fibroblast, and immune interferons on expression of class I and II major histocompatibility complex and invariant chain in early passage human melanoma cells. Cancer Res.50, 7422–7429 (1990).
  • Young AN, Amin MB, Moreno CS et al. Expression profiling of renal epithelial neoplasms: a method for tumor classification and discovery of diagnostic molecular markers. Am. J. Pathol.158, 1639–1651 (2001).
  • Tamori Y, Tan X, Nakagawa K et al. Clinical significance of MHC class II-associated invariant chain expression in human gastric carcinoma. Oncol. Rep.14, 873–877 (2005).
  • Jiang Z, Xu M, Savas L, LeClair P, Banner BF. Invariant chain expression in colon neoplasms. Virchows Arch.435, 32–36 (1999).
  • Armstrong TD, Clements VK, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Class II-transfected tumor cells directly present endogenous antigen to CD4+ T cells in vitro and are APCs for tumor-encoded antigens in vivo. J. Immunother.21, 218–224 (1998).
  • Deffrennes V, Vedrenne J, Stolzenberg MC et al. Constitutive expression of MHC class II genes in melanoma cell lines results from the transcription of class II transactivator abnormally initiated from its B cell-specific promoter. J. Immunol.167, 98–106 (2001).
  • Goodwin BL, Xi H, Tejiram R et al. Varying functions of specific major histocompatibility class II transactivator promoter III and IV elements in melanoma cell lines. Cell Growth Differ.12, 327–335 (2001).
  • Yazawa T, Kamma H, Fujiwara M et al. Lack of class II transactivator causes severe deficiency of HLA-DR expression in small cell lung cancer. J. Pathol.187, 191–199 (1999).
  • Lu Y, Boss JM, Hu SX, Xu HJ, Blanck G. Apoptosis-independent retinoblastoma protein rescue of HLA class II messenger RNA IFN-γ inducibility in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Lack of surface class II expression associated with a specific defect in HLA-DRA induction. J. Immunol.156, 2495–2502 (1996).
  • Sartoris SM, Valle T, Barbaro AD et al. HLA class II expression in uninducible hepatocarcinoma cells after transfection of AIR-1 gene product CIITA: acquisition of antigen processing and presentation capacity. J. Immunol.161, 814–820 (1998).
  • Bach EA, Aguet M, Schreiber RD. The IFN γ receptor: a paradigm for cytokine receptor signaling. Annu. Rev. Immunol.15, 563–591 (1997).
  • Bosshart H, Jarrett RF. Deficient major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation in a subset of Hodgkin’s disease tumor cells. Blood92, 2252–2259 (1998).
  • Johnson JP. Cell adhesion molecules in the development and progression of malignant melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev.18, 345–357 (1999).
  • Obiri NI, Siegel JP, Varricchio F, Puri RK. Expression of high-affinity IL-4 receptors on human melanoma, ovarian and breast carcinoma cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol.95, 148–155 (1994).
  • Baton F, Deruyffelaere C, Chapin M et al. Class II transactivator (CIITA) isoform expression and activity in melanoma. Melanoma Res.14, 453–461 (2004).
  • van der Stoep N, Biesta P, Quinten E, van den Elsen PJ. Lack of IFN-γ-mediated induction of the class II transactivator (CIITA) through promoter methylation is predominantly found in developmental tumor cell lines. Int. J. Cancer97, 501–507 (2002).
  • Lu Y, Ussery GD, Muncaster MM, Gallie BL, Blanck G. Evidence for retinoblastoma protein (RB) dependent and independent IFN-γ responses: RB coordinately rescues IFN-γ induction of MHC class II gene transcription in noninducible breast carcinoma cells. Oncogene9, 1015–1019 (1994).
  • Yazawa T, Ito T, Kamma H et al. Complicated mechanisms of class II transactivator transcription deficiency in small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. Am. J. Pathol.161, 291–300 (2002).
  • Polsky D, Cordon-Cardo C. Oncogenes in melanoma. Oncogene22, 3087–3091 (2003).
  • Albino AP, Sozzi G, Nanus DM, Jhanwar SC, Houghton AN. Malignant transformation of human melanocytes: induction of a complete melanoma phenotype and genotype. Oncogene7, 2315–2321 (1992).
  • Vassiliadis S, Papamatheakis J. The p21ras protein as an intermediate signaling molecule in the IL-4-induced HLA-DR expression on normal and leukemic human myeloid cells. Cell. Immunol.142, 426–433 (1992).
  • Wong CW, Fan YS, Chan TL et al. Cancer Genome Project. BRAF and NRAS mutations are uncommon in melanomas arising in diverse internal organs. J. Clin. Pathol.58, 640–644 (2005).
  • Mach B, Steimle V, Martinez-Soria E, Reith W. Regulation of MHC class II genes: lessons from a disease. Annu. Rev. Immunol.14, 301–331 (1996).
  • van den Elsen PJ, van der SN, Vietor HE, Wilson L, van Zutphen M, Gobin SJ. Lack of CIITA expression is central to the absence of antigen presentation functions of trophoblast cells and is caused by methylation of the IFN-γ inducible promoter (PIV) of CIITA. Hum. Immunol.61, 850–862 (2000).
  • Kanaseki T, Ikeda H, Takamura Y, Toyota M, Hirohashi Y, Tokino T et al. Histone deacetylation, but not hypermethylation, modifies class II transactivator and MHC class II gene expression in squamous cell carcinomas. J. Immunol.170, 4980–4985 (2003).
  • Satoh A, Toyota M, Ikeda H et al. Epigenetic inactivation of class II transactivator (CIITA) is associated with the absence of interferon-γ-induced HLA-DR expression in colorectal and gastric cancer cells. Oncogene23, 8876–8886 (2004).
  • Chou SD, Khan AN, Magner WJ, Tomasi TB. Histone acetylation regulates the cell type specific CIITA promoters, MHC class II expression and antigen presentation in tumor cells. Int. Immunol.17, 1483–1494 (2005).
  • Morimoto Y, Toyota M, Satoh A et al. Inactivation of class II transactivator by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation associated with absence of HLA-DR induction by interferon-γ in haematopoietic tumour cells. Br. J. Cancer90, 844–852 (2004).
  • Takamura Y, Ikeda H, Kanaseki T et al. Regulation of MHC class II expression in glioma cells by class II transactivator (CIITA). Glia45, 392–405 (2004).
  • Abril E, Real LM, Serrano A et al. Unresponsiveness to interferon associated with STAT1 protein deficiency in a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.47, 113–120 (1998).
  • Boudny V, Dusek L, Adamkova L et al. Lack of STAT 1 phosphorylation at TYR 701 by IFN γ correlates with disease outcome in melanoma patients. Neoplasma52, 330–337 (2005).
  • Prigione I, Corrias MV, Airoldi I et al. Immunogenicity of human neuroblastoma. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.1028, 69–80 (2004).
  • Holling TM, Schooten E, Langerak AW, van den Elsen PJ. Regulation of MHC class II expression in human T-cell malignancies. Blood103, 1438–1444 (2004).
  • Silacci P, Mottet A, Steimle V, Reith W, Mach B. Developmental extinction of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression in plasmocytes is mediated by silencing of the transactivator gene CIITA. J. Exp. Med.180, 1329–1336 (1994).
  • Jordanova ES, Philippo K, Giphart MJ, Schuuring E, Kluin PM. Mutations in the HLA class II genes leading to loss of expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Immunogenetics55, 203–209 (2003).
  • Whiteside T, Campoli M, Ferrone S. Tumor induced immune suppression mechanisms and possible solutions. In: Analyzing T Cell Responses. How to Analyze Cellular Immune Responses Against Tumor Associated Antigens. Nagorsen D, Marincola FM (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Netherlands 43–81 (2005).
  • Renkvist N, Castelli C, Robbins PF, Parmiani G. A listing of human tumor antigens recognized by T cells. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.50, 3–15 (2001).
  • Altomonte M, Pucillo C, Damante G, Maio M. Cross-linking of HLA class II antigens modulates the release of tumor necrosis factor-α by the EBV-B lymphoblastoid cell line JY. J. Immunol.151, 5115–5122 (1993).
  • Kuphal S, Bauer R, Bosserhoff AK. Integrin signaling in malignant melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev.24, 195–222 (2005).
  • Haass NK, Smalley KS, Li L, Herlyn M. Adhesion, migration and communication in melanocytes and melanoma. Pigment Cell Res.18, 150–159 (2005).
  • Aoudjit F, Guo W, Gagnon-Houde JV et al. HLA-DR signaling inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis in A375 melanoma cells. Exp. Cell. Res.299, 79–90 (2004).
  • Alonso SR, Ortiz P, Pollan M et al. Progression in cutaneous malignant melanoma is associated with distinct expression profiles: a tissue microarray-based study. Am. J. Pathol.164, 193–203 (2004).
  • Sisk TJ, Gourley T, Roys S, Chang CH. MHC class II transactivator inhibits IL-4 gene transcription by competing with NF-AT to bind the coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300. J. Immunol.165, 2511–2517 (2000).
  • Zhu XS, Ting JP. A 36-amino-acid region of CIITA is an effective inhibitor of CBP: novel mechanism of γ interferon-mediated suppression of collagen α(2)(I) and other promoters. Mol. Cell. Biol.21, 7078–7088 (2001).
  • Gourley TS, Chang CH. The class II transactivator prevents activation-induced cell death by inhibiting fas ligand gene expression. J. Immunol.166, 2917–2921 (2001).
  • Nagarajan UM, Bushey A, Boss JM. Modulation of gene expression by the MHC class II transactivator. J. Immunol.169, 5078–5088 (2002).
  • Gilboa E. The makings of a tumor rejection antigen. Immunity11, 263–270 (1999).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.