Nonsurgical treatment options for nonmelanoma skin cancers

References

• Holme SA, Malinovszky K, Roberts DL. Changing trends in non-melanoma skin cancer in South Wales, 1988–98. Br. J. Dermatol.143, 1224–1229 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Madan V, Hoban P, Strange RC, Fryer AA, Lear JT. Genetics and risk factors for basal cell carcinoma. Br. J. Dermatol.154(Suppl. 1), 5–7 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley MA. Imiquimod and the imidazoquinolones: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.27, 571–577 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dummer R, Urosevic M, Kempf W, Hoek K, Hafner J, Burg G. Imiquimod in basal cell carcinoma: how does it work? Br. J. Dermatol.149(Suppl. 66), 57–58 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman B, Sullivan T, De Araujo T, Nadji M. Expression of Fas-receptor on basal cell carcinomas after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream or vehicle. Br. J. Dermatol.149(Suppl. 66), 59–61 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schon M, Bong AB, Drewniok C et al. Tumor-selective induction of apoptosis and the small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod. J. Natl Cancer Inst.95, 1138–1149 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal D, Matias-Guiu X, Alomar A. Open study of the efficacy and mechanism of action of topical imiquimod in basal cell carcinoma. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.29, 518–525 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peris K, Micantonio T, Fargnoli MC, Lozzi GP, Chimenti S. Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen’s disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.55, 324–327 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel GK, Goodwin R, Chawla M et al. Imiquimod 5% cream monotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen’s disease): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.54, 1025–1032 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze HJ, Cribier B, Requena L et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from a randomized vehicle-controlled Phase III study in Europe. Br. J. Dermatol.152, 939–947 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisse J, Caro I, Lindholm J, Golitz L, Stampone P, Owens M. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two Phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies . J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.50, 722–733 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown VL, Atkins CL, Ghali L, Cerio R, Harwood CA, Proby CM. Safety and efficacy of 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of skin dysplasia in high-risk renal transplant recipients: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch. Dermatol.141, 985–993 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi L, Costanzo A, Campione E, Nistico S, Chimenti S. Superficial and nodular basal cell carcinomas treated with an immune response modifier: a report of seven patients. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.28(Suppl. 1), 24–26 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Huber A, Huber JD, Skinner RB Jr, Kuwahara RT, Haque R, Amonette RA. Topical imiquimod treatment for nodular basal cell carcinomas: an open-label series. Dermatol. Surg.30, 429–430 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirk C, Gebauer K, Owens M, Stampone P. Two-year interim results from a 5-year study evaluating clinical recurrence of superficial basal cell carcinoma after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream daily for 6 weeks. Australas. J. Dermatol.47, 258–265 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumack S, Robinson J, Kossard S et al. Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: comparison of dosing regimens. Arch. Dermatol.138, 1165–1171 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterry W, Ruzicka T, Herrera E et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion. Br. J. Dermatol.147, 1227–1236 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockfleth E, Christophers E, Benninghoff B, Sterry W. Low incidence of new actinic keratoses after topical 5% imiquimod cream treatment: a long-term follow-up study. Arch. Dermatol.140, 1542 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen K, Yap LM, Marks R, Shumack S. Short-course therapy with imiquimod 5% cream for solar keratoses: a randomized controlled trial Australas. J. Dermatol.44, 250–255 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korman N, Moy R, Ling M, Matheson R, Smith S. Dosing with 5% imiquimod cream 3 times per week for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results of two Phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled trials. Arch. Dermatol.141, 467–473 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebwohl M, Dinehart S, Whiting D et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results from two Phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, vehicle-controlled trials J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.50, 714–721 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanger C, Dalrymple J, Hepburn D. Systemic side effects from topical Imiquimod. NZ Med. J.118, U1682 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Zeitouni NC, Oseroff AR, Shieh S. Photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancers. Mol. Immunol.39, 1133–1136 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton CA. Photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer – and more? Arch. Dermatol.140, 116–120 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fritsch C, Homey B, Stahl W, Lehmann P, Ruzicka T, Sies H. Preferential relative porphyrin enrichment in solar keratoses upon topical application of D-aminolevulinic acid methylester. Photochem. Photobiol.68, 218–221 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ackermann G, Abels C, Baumler W et al. Simulations on the selectivity of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence in vivo. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol.47, 121–128 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Morton C, Horn M, Leman J et al. Comparison of topical methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy with cryotherapy or Fluorouracil for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in situ: results of a multicenter randomized trial. Arch. Dermatol.142, 729–735 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szeimies RM, Morton CA, Sidoroff A, Braathen LR. Photodynamic therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer. Acta Derm. Venereol.85, 483–490 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmur ES, Schmults CD, Goldberg DJ. A review of laser and photodynamic therapy for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Dermatol. Surg.30, 264–271 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton CA, Brown SB, Collins S et al. Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy: report of a workshop of the British Photodermatology Group. Br. J. Dermatol.146, 552–567 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang I, Bendsoe N, Klinteberg CAF et al. Photodynamic therapy vs. cryosurgery of basal cell carcinomas: results of. a phase III clinical trial. Br. J. Dermatol.144, 832–840 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton CA, Whitehurst C, McColl JH, Moore JV, MacKie RM. Photodynamic therapy for large or multiple patches of Bowen disease and basal cell carcinoma. Arch. Dermatol.137, 319–324 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salim A, Leman JA, McColl JH, Chapman R, Morton CA. Randomized comparison of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil in Bowen’s disease. Br. J. Dermatol.148(3), 539–543 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lear JT, Wennberg AM, Schmook T et al. A multicentre study of photodynamic therapy with methly aminolevulinate (MAL-PDT) in immuno-compromised organ transplant recipients with non-melanoma skin cancer. Presented at: 15 EADV Congress, Rhodes, Greece, October 4–8, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Dragieva G, Hafner J, Dummer R et al. Topical photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratoses and Bowen’s disease in transplant recipients. Transplantation77, 115–121 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rhodes LE, de Rie M, Enstrom Y et al. Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate vs surgery for nodular basal cell carcinoma: results of a multicenter randomized prospective trial. Arch. Dermatol.140, 17–23 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madan V, Loncaster J, Allan D et al. Systemic photodynamic therapy with photofrin for naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome-A pilot study. Photodiag. Photodynamic Ther.2, 273–281 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Madan V, Loncaster JA, Allan D et al. Nodular basal cell carcinoma in Gorlin’s syndrome treated with systemic photodynamic therapy and interstitial optical fiber diffuser laser. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.55, S86–S89 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Lui H, Hobbs L, Tope WD. Photodynamic therapy of multiple non melanoma skin cancers with verteporfin and red light-emitting diodes: two-year results evaluating tumor response and cosmetic outcomes. Arch. Dermatol.140, 26–32 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Abdul Gaffar A, Lear JT. Epidermoid cysts post PDT. Clin. Exp. Derm. (In press).
   Google Scholar
• Sturm HM. Bowen’s disease and 5-fluorouracil. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.16, 513–522 (1979).
   Google Scholar
• Cox NH, Eedy DJ, Morton CA. Guidelines for management of Bowen’s disease. British Association of Dermatologists. Br. J. Dermatol.141(4) 633–641 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stone N, Burge S. Bowen’s disease of the leg treated with weekly pulses of 5% fluorouracil cream. Br. J. Dermatol.140, 987–988 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bargman H, Hochman J. Topical treatment of Bowen’s disease with 5-fluorouracil. J. Cutan. Med. Surg.7, 101–105 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert T, Mullinax K, Smith JA. Case of an adverse reaction to topical 5-fluorouracil in irradiated skin. J. Drugs Dermatol.5, 282–283 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Yesudian PD, King CM. Allergic contact dermatitis from stearyl alcohol in Efudix cream. Contact Dermatitis45, 313–314 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saif MW, Hashmi S, Mattison L, Donovan WB, Diasio RB. Peripheral neuropathy exacerbation associated with topical 5-fluorouracil. Anticancer Drugs17, 1095–1098 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke J, Karimpour S, Young G, Lockett MA, Perez CA. Radiotherapy for epithelial skin cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.51, 748–755 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan W, Wilson D, Moravan V. Radiotherapy for locally advanced basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.60, 406–411 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Telfer NR, Colver GB, Bowers PW. Guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma. British Association of Dermatologists. Br. J. Dermatol.141, 415–423 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceilley RI, Del Rosso JQ. Current modalities and new advances in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Int. J. Dermatol.45, 489–498 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maalej M, Frikha H, Kochbati L. Radio-induced malignancies of the scalp about 98 patients with 150 lesions and literature review. Cancer Radiother.8, 81–87 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harwood CA, Leedham-Green M, Leigh IM, Proby CM. Low-dose retinoids in the prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in organ transplant recipients: a 16-year retrospective study. Arch. Dermatol.141, 456–464 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Otley CC, Stasko T, Tope WD, Lebwohl M. Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer with systemic retinoids: practical dosing and management of adverse effects. Dermatol. Surg.32, 562–568 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar