19
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Early recognition, evaluation and treatment may prevent blindness in giant cell arteritis

, , , &
Pages 299-308 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • Kearns TP. Collagen and rheumatic diseases: ophthalmic aspects. In: The Eye and Systemic Disease. Mausolf FA (Ed.). Mosby, MO, USA 114–118 (1975).
  • Niederkohr RD, Levin LA. Management of the patient with suspected temporal arteritis a decision-analytic approach. Ophthalmology112(5), 744–756 (2005).
  • Jafre HS, Sofianos C, Hattab EM, Overhiser A, Chiorean M. Temporal arteritis presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms in a middle aged man. J. Gen. Intern. Med.21(7), 796 (2006).
  • Eshaghian J. Controversies regarding giant cell (temporal, cranial) arteritis. Doc. Ophthalmol.47(1), 43–67 (1979).
  • Huston KA, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Kennedy RH, Elveback LR. Temporal arteritis: a 25-year epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic study. Ann. Intern. Med.88(2), 162–167 (1978).
  • Liu NH, LaBree LD, Feldon SE. The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis: a 12-year retrospective study. Ophthalmology108(6), 1145–1149 (2001).
  • Rahman W, Rahman FZ. Giant cell (temporal) arteritis: an overview and update. Surv. Ophthalmol.50(5), 415–428 (2005).
  • Salvarani C, Crowson CS, O’Fallon WM, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE. Reappraisal of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a fifty-year period. Arthritis Rheum.51(2), 264–268 (2004).
  • Tomsak RL. Giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology109(2), 219–220 (2002).
  • Grosser SJ, Reddy RK, Tomsak RL, Katzin WE. Temporal arteritis in African Americans. Neuroophthalmology21(1), 25–31 (1999).
  • Nordborg C, Johansson H, Petursdottir1 V, Nordborg E. The epidemiology of biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis: special reference to changes in the age of the population. Rheumatology (Oxf.)42(4), 549–552 (2003).
  • Nordborg C, Nordborg E, Petursdottir V. Giant cell arteritis. Epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis. Apmis108(11), 713–724 (2000).
  • Klein RG, Campbell RJ, Hunder GG, Carney JA. Skip lesions in temporal arteritis. Mayo Clin. Proc.51(8), 504–510 (1976).
  • Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann. Intern. Med.139(6), 505–515 (2003).
  • Lichtstein DM, Caceres LR. Heeding clues to giant cell arteritis. Prompt response can prevent vision loss. Postgrad. Med.115(5), 91–95 (2004).
  • Gonzalez-Gay MA, Barros S, Lopez-Diaz MJ. Giant cell arteritis: disease patterns of clinical presentation in a series of 240 patients. Medicine (Balt.)84(5), 269–276 (2005).
  • Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Raman R, Zimmerman B. Giant cell arteritis: validity and reliability of various diagnostic criteria. Am. J. Ophthalmol.123(3), 285–296 (1997).
  • Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B. Ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Am. J. Ophthalmol.125(4), 509–520 (1998).
  • Font C, Cid MC, Coll-Vinent B, Lopez-Soto A, Grau JM. Clinical features in patients with permanent visual loss due to biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Br. J. Rheumatol.36(2), 251–254 (1997).
  • Hayreh SS, PA Podhajsky, Zimmerman B. Occult giant cell arteritis: ocular manifestations. Am. J. Ophthalmol.125(4), 521–526 (1998).
  • Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B. Management of giant cell arteritis. Our 27-year clinical study: new light on old controversies. Ophthalmologica217(4), 239–259 (2003).
  • Jonasson F, Cullen JF, Elton RA. Temporal arteritis. A 14-year epidemiological, clinical and prognostic study. Scott. Med. J.24(2), 111–117 (1979).
  • Biousse V, Touboul P, D’Anglejan-Chatillon J, Le’Vy C, Schaison M, Bousser M. Ophthalmologic manifestations of internal carotid artery dissection. Am. J. Ophthalmol.126, 565–577 (1998).
  • Siatkowski RM, Gass JD, Glaser JS, Smith JL, Schatz NJ, Schiffman J. Fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Am. J. Ophthalmol.115(1), 57–63 (1993).
  • Mack HG, O’Day J, Currie JN. Delayed choroidal perfusion in giant cell arteritis. J. Clin. Neuroophthalmol.11(4), 221–227 (1991).
  • Kaufman D, Dickersin K, Kelman S, Langenberg P, Newman N, Wilson PD. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial: twenty-four-month update. Arch. Ophthalmol.118(6), 793–798 (2000).
  • Newman NJ Scherer R, Langenberg P et al; Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group. The fellow eye in NAION: report from the ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial follow-up study. Am. J. Ophthalmol.134(3), 317–328 (2002).
  • Rucker JC, Biousse V, Newman NJ. Ischemic optic neuropathies. Curr. Opin. Neurol.17(1), 27–35 (2004).
  • Hayreh SS. Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy II. Fundus on ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography. Br. J. Ophthalmol.58, 964–980 (1974).
  • Slavin ML, Barondes MJ. Visual loss caused by choroidal ischemia preceding anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in giant cell arteritis. Am. J. Ophthalmol.117(1), 81–86 (1994).
  • Hayreh SS. Prevalent misconceptions about acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders. Prog. Retin. Eye Res.24(4), 493–519 (2005).
  • Martinez-Taboada VM, Blanco R, Armona J et al. Giant cell arteritis with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate lower than 50. Clin. Rheumatol.19, 73–75 (2000).
  • Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum.33(8), 1122–1128 (1990).
  • Gonzalez-Gay MA, Lopez-Diaz MJ, Barros S. Giant cell arteritis: laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis in a series of 240 patients. Medicine (Balt.)84(5), 277–290 (2005).
  • Salvarani C, Hunder GG. Giant cell arteritis with low erythrocyte sedimentation rate: frequency of occurrence in a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum.45, 140–145 (2001).
  • Diaz VA, DeBroff BM, Sinard J. Comparison of histopathologic features, clinical symptoms, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates in biopsy-positive temporal arteritis. Ophthalmology112(7), 1293–1298 (2005).
  • Parikh M, Miller NR, Lee AG et al. Prevalence of a normal C-reactive protein with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology113, 1842–1845 (2006).
  • Liozon E, Herrmann F, Ly K et al. Risk factors for visual loss in giant cell (temporal) arteritis: a prospective study of 174 patients. Am. J. Med.111(3), 211–217 (2001).
  • Foroozan R, Danesh-Meyer H, Savino PJ. Thrombocytosis in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology109(7), 1267–1271 (2002).
  • Allsop CJ, Gallagher PJ. Temporal artery biopsy in giant-cell arteritis. A reappraisal. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.5(4), 317–323 (1981).
  • Achkar AA, Lie JT, Hunder GG, O’Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. How does previous corticosteroid treatment affect the biopsy findings in giant cell (temporal) arteritis? Ann. Intern. Med.120, 987–992 (1994).
  • Blumberg S, Giansiracusa DF, Docken WP, Kantrowitz FG. Recurrence of temporal arteritis: clinical recurrence nine years after initial illness. JAMA244, 1713–1714 (1980).
  • Lenton J, Donnelly R, Nash JR. Does temporal artery biopsy influence the management of temporal arteritis? QJM99(1), 33–36 (2006).
  • Hernandez-Rodriguez CMC, Esteban MJ, Cebrian M et al. Tissue and serum angiogenic activity is associated with low prevalence of ischemic complications in patients with giant-cell arteritis. Circulation106(13), 1664–1671 (2002).
  • Chambers WA, Bernardino VB. Specimen length in temporal artery biopsies. J. Clin. Neuroophthalmol.8(2), 121–125 (1988).
  • Azhar SS, Tang RA, Dorotheo EU. Giant cell arteritis: diagnosing and treating inflammatory disease in older adults. Geriatrics60(8), 26–30 (2005).
  • Stanson AW. Imaging findings in extracranial (giant cell) temporal arteritis. Clin. Exp. Rheum.18, S43–S48 (2000).
  • Schmidt WA, Kraft HE, Vorpahl K et al. Color duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. N. Engl. J. Med.6;337(19), 1336–1342 (1997).
  • Schmidt WA. Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.18, S40–S42 (2000).
  • Mitomo T, Funyu T, Takahashi Y et al. Giant cell arteritis and magnetic resonance angiography. Arthritis Rheum.41, 1702 (1998).
  • Blockmans D, Stroobants S, Maes A et al. Positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for inflammation of the aortic arch. Am. J. Med.15;108, 246–249 (2000).
  • De Winter F, Petrovic M, Van de Wiele C et al. Imaging of giant cell arteritis. Evidence of splenic involvement using FDG positron emission tomography. Clin. Nucl. Med.25, 633–634 (2000).
  • Turlakow A, Yeung HWD, Pui J et al. Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Arch. Intern. Med.161, 1003–1007 (2001).
  • Frohman LP, Lama P. Annual review of systemic diseases: 1995–1996. Part I. J. Neuroophthalmol.18(1), 67–79 (1998).
  • Danesh-Meyer H, Savino PJ, Gamble GG. Poor prognosis of visual outcome after visual loss from giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology112(6), 1098–103 (2005).
  • Chevalet P, Barrier JH, Pottier P et al. A randomized, multicenter, controlled trial using intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone in the initial treatment of simple forms of giant cell arteritis: a one year followup study of 164 patients. J. Rheumatol.27(6), 1484–1491 (2000).
  • Pipitone N, Boiardi L, Salvarani C. Are steroids alone sufficient for the treatment of giant cell arteritis? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol.19(2), 277–292 (2005).
  • Swannell AJ. Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: diagnosis and management. Br. Med. J.314(7090), 1329–32 (1997).
  • Nesher G, Berum Y, Mates M, Nesher R. Rubinow A, Sonnenblick M. Risk factors for cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Medicine (Balt.)83(2), 114–122 (2004).
  • Bergstrom AL, Bengtsson BA, Olsson LB, Malmvall BE, Kutti J. Thrombokinetics in giant cell arteritis, with special reference to corticosteroid therapy. Ann. Rheum. Dis.38(3), 244–247 (1979).
  • Krishna R, Kosmorsky GS. Implications of thrombocytosis in giant cell arteritis. Am. J. Ophthalmol.124(1), 103 (1997).
  • De Keyser J, De Klippel N, Ebinger G. Thrombocytosis and ischaemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Br. Med. J.303(6806), 825 (1991).
  • Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Hellmann DB et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant methotrexate treatment for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum.46(5), 1309–1318 (2002).
  • Jover JA, Hernandez-Garcia C, Morado IC, Vargas E, Banares A, Fernandez-Gutierrez B. Combined treatment of giant-cell arteritis with methotrexate and prednisone. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann. Intern. Med.134(2), 106–114 (2001).
  • Ferraccioli GF, Di Poi E, Damato R. Steroid sparing therapeutic approaches to polymyalgia rheumatica-giant cell arteritis. State of the art and perspectives. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.18, S58–S60 (2000).
  • Spiera RF, Mitnick HJ, Kupersmith M et al. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of methotrexate in the treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.19, 495–501 (2001).
  • Cantini F, Niccoli L, Salvarani C, Padula A, Olivieri I. Treatment of longstanding active giant cell arteritis with infliximab: report of four cases. Arthritis Rheum.44(12), 2933–2935 (2001).
  • Tan AL, Holdsworth J, Pease C, Emery P, McGonagle D. Successful treatment of resistant giant cell arteritis with etanercept. Ann. Rheum. Dis.62(4), 373–374 (2003).
  • Uthman I, Kanj N, Atweh S. Infliximab as monotherapy in giant cell arteritis. Clin. Rheumatol.25(1), 109–110 (2006).
  • Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B, Kardon RH. Visual improvement with corticosteroid therapy in giant cell arteritis. Report of a large study and review of literature. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand.80(4), 355–367 (2002).
  • Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B. Visual deterioration in giant cell arteritis patients while on high doses of corticosteroid therapy. Ophthalmology110(6), 1204–1215 (2003).
  • Chan CC, Paine M, O’Day J. Predictors of recurrent ischemic optic neuropathy in giant cell arteritis. J. Neuroophthalmol.25(1), 14–17 (2005).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.