98
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Retinopathy of prematurity: recent developments in diagnosis and treatment

&

References

  • Alleman BW, Bell EF, Li L, et al. Individual and center-level Factors affecting mortalitiy among extremely low birth weight children. Pediatrics 2013;132:e175
  • Horbar JD, Carpenter JH, Badger GJ, et al. Mortality and neonatal morbidity among infants 501 to 1500 grams from 2000 to 2009. Pediatrics 2012;129(1019):1026
  • Fruttiger M. Development of the Mouse Retinal Vasculature: Angiogenesis Versus Vasculogenesis. Invest Ophtalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:522-7
  • Gerhardt H, Golding M, Fruttiger M, et al. VEGF guides angiogenic sprouting utilizing endothelial tip cell filopodia. J Cell Biol 2003;1163-78
  • Tammela T, Zarkada G, Wallgard E, et al. Blocking VEGFR-3 suppresses angiogenic sprouting and vascular network formation. Nature 2008;454:656-60
  • Hellström M, Phng L-K, Hofmann JJ, et al. Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis. Nature 2007;445:776-80
  • Saharinen P, Eklund L, Miettinen J, et al. Angiopoietins assemble distinct Tie2 signalling complexes in endothelial cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. Nat Cell Biol 2008;10:527-37
  • Chen J, Connor KM, Aderman CM, et al. Erythropoietin deficiency decreases vascular stability in mice. J Clin Invest 2008;118:526-33
  • Lofqvist C, Chen J, Connor KM, et al. IGFBP3 suppresses retinopathy through suppression of oxygen-induced vessel loss and promotion of vascular regrowth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:10589-94
  • Hård A, Liu J, Hellstrom A, et al. Low IGF-I suppresses VEGF-survival signaling in retinal endothelial cells: Direct correlation with clinical retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;98:5804-8
  • Fruttiger M. Development of the retinal vasculature. Angiogenesis 2007;10:77-88
  • Hughes S, Yang H, Chan-ling T. Vascularization of the Human Fetal Retina: Roles of Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:1217-28
  • Gariano RF. Special features of human retinal angiogenesis. Eye (Lond) 2010;24:401-7
  • Chen J, Smith LEH. Retinopathy of prematurity. Angiogenesis 2007;10:133-40
  • Fleck BW, McIntosh N. Pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity and possible preventive strategies. Early Hum Dev 2008;84:83-8
  • Tin W, Milligan DWA, Pennefather P, et al. Pulse oximetry, severe retinopathy, and outcome at one year in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonantal Ed 2001;84:106-10
  • Stone J, Chan-ling T, Pe J, et al. Roles of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Astrocyte Degeneration in the Genesis of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:290-9
  • Rivera JC, Sapieha P, Joyal J-S, et al. Understanding retinopathy of prematurity: update on pathogenesis. Neonatology 2011;100:343-53
  • Hellström A, Smith LEH, Dammann O. 2013;Retinopathy of prematurity. Lancet 2013 382:1445-57
  • Vaucher YE, Peralta-Carcelen M, Finer NN, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in the early CPAP and pulse oximetry trial. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2495-504
  • Schmidt B, Whyte RK, Asztalos E V, et al. Effects of targeting higher vs lower arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in extremely preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial. Jama 2013;309:2111-20
  • Jandeck C, Kellner U, Lorenz B, Seibert V. Leitlinie zur augenärztlichen Untersuchung von Frühgeborenen. Ophthalmologe 2008;105:955-64
  • Pelken L, Maier RF. [Risk factors and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity]. Ophthalmologe 2008;105:1108-13
  • Lofqvist C, Andersson E, Sigurdsson J, et al. Longitudinal Postnatal Weight and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Measurements in the Prediction of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:1711-18
  • Wu C, VanderVeen DK, Hellström A, et al. Longitudinal Postnatal Weight Measurements for the Prediction of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128:443-7
  • Löfqvist C, Hansen-Pupp I, Andersson E, et al. Validation of a New Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Method Monitoring Longitudinal Postnatal Weight and Insulin-like Growth Factor I. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:622-7
  • Hard A-L, Löfqvist C, Filho JB, et al. Predicting Proliferative Retinopathy in a Brazilian Population of Preterm Infants With the Screening Algorithm WINROP. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128:1432-6
  • An International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:991-9
  • Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. An international classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:1130-4
  • Mintz-Hittner HA, Kennedy KA, Chuang AZ, et al. Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for stage 3+ Retinopathy of Prematurity. N Engl J Med 2011;364:603-15
  • Early treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment of retinopathy randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1684-96
  • Lorenz B, Bock M, Müller HM, et al. Telemedicine based screening of infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity. Stud Heal Technol Inf 1999;64:155-63
  • Schwartz SD, Harrison SA, Ferrone PJ, et al. Telemedical evaluation and management of retinopathy of prematurity using a fiberoptic digital fundus camera. Ophthalmology 2000;107:25-8
  • Seibert V, Woldt C. Weitwinkelfundusdokumentation bei Retinopathia praematurorum. Ophthalmologe 2001;98:960-3
  • Yen KG, Hess D, Burke B, et al. Telephotoscreening to detect retinopathy of prematurity: preliminary study of the optimum time to employ digital fundus camera imaging to detect ROP. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2002;6:64-70
  • Photographic screening of Retinopathy of Prematurity Study (PHOTO-ROP) Cooperative Group. The photographic screening of retinopathy of prematurity study (PHOTO-ROP): study design and baseline characteristics of enrolled patients. Retina 2006;26:S4-10
  • Photographic screening of Retinopathy of Prematurity Study (PHOTO-ROP) Cooperative Group. The photographic screening of retinopathy of prematurity study (PHOTO-ROP): primary outcomes. Retina 2008;28:S47-54
  • Chiang MF, Gelman R, Ba LJ, et al. Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: an analysis of diagnostic performance. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2007;105:73-85
  • Lorenz B, Spasovska K, Elflein H, Schneider N. Wide-field digital imaging based telemedicine for screening for acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Six-year results of a multicentre field study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009;247:1251-62
  • Mukherjee AN, Watts P, Al-Madfai H, et al. Impact of retinopathy of prematurity screening examination on cardiorespiratory indices: a comparison of indirect ophthalmoscopy and Retcam imaging. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1547-52
  • Zepeda-Romero LC, Martinez-Perez ME, Ruiz-Velasco S, et al. Temporary morphological changes in plus disease induced during contact digital imaging. Eye (Lond) 2011;25:1337-40
  • Patel CK, Fung THM, Muqit MMK, et al. Non-contact ultra-wide-field imaging of retinopathy of prematurity using the Optos dual wavelength scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Eye (Lond) 2013;27:589-96
  • Quinn GE, Ying GS, Daniel E, et al. Validity of a telemedicine system for the evaluation of acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014;132:1178-84
  • Vinekar A, Gilbert CE, Dogra M, et al. The KIDROP model of combining strategies for providing retinopathy of prematurity screening in underserved areas in India using wide field imaging, tele-medicine, non-physician graders and smart phone reporting. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62:41-9
  • Bernstein PS, Sharifzadeh M, Liu A, et al. Blue-light reflectance imaging of macular pigment in infants and children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:4034-40
  • Gelman R, Jiang L, Du YE, et al. Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: pilot study of computer-based and expert diagnosis. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2007;11:532-40
  • Chiang MF, Gelman R, Martinez-Perez ME, et al. Image analysis for retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2009;13:438-45
  • Johnson KS, Mills MD, Karp KA, et al. Semiautomated analysis of retinal vessel diameter in retinopathy of prematurity patients with and without plus disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;143:723-5
  • Rabinowitz MP, Grunwald JE, Karp KA, et al. Progression to severe retinopathy predicted by retinal vessel diameter between 31 and 34 weeks of postconception age. Arch Ophthalmol 2014;125:1495-500
  • Johnson KS, Mills MD, Karp KA, Grunwald JE. Vessel diameter reduction after retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;143:1030-2
  • Shah DN, Wilson CM, Ying GS, et al. Comparison of expert graders to computer-assisted image analysis of the retina in retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 2011;95:1442-5
  • Ghodasra DH, Thuangtong A, Karp KA, et al. The rate of change in retinal vessel width and tortuosity in eyes at risk for retinopathy of prematurity. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2012;16:431-6
  • Bankhead P, Scholfield CN, McGeown JG, et al. Fast retinal vessel detection and measurement using wavelets and edge location refinement. PLoS One 2012;7:e32435
  • Martinez-Perez ME, Hughes AD, Thom SA, et al. Segmentation of blood vessels from red-free and fluorescein retinal images. Med Image Anal 2007;11:47-61
  • Cheung CSY, Butty Z, Tehrani NN, et al. Computer-assisted image analysis of temporal retinal vessel width and tortuosity in retinopathy of prematurity for the assessment of disease severity and treatment outcome. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2011;15:374-80
  • Wu KY, Wallace DK, Freedman SF. Predicting the need for laser treatment in retinopathy of prematurity using computer-assisted quantitative vascular analysis. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;18:114-19
  • Maier G, Barth P, Pisinger G, et al. A curvature based approach to tortuosity measurement of retinal blood vessels. BioMed Conf Proceedings, Vienna 2013;407-14
  • Schulenburg WE, Tsanaktsidis G. Variations in the morphology of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birthweight infants. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:1500-3
  • Ng EY, Lanigan B, O’Keefe M. Fundus fluorescein angiography in the screening for and management of retinopathy of prematurity. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2006;43:85-90
  • Yokoi T, Yokoi T, Kobayashi Y, et al. Evaluation of scleral buckling for stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity by fluorescein angiography. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;148:544-550.e1
  • Lepore D, Molle F, Pagliara MM, et al. Atlas of fluorescein angiographic findings in eyes undergoing laser for retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 2011;118:168-75
  • Purcaro V, Velia P, Baldascino A, et al. Fluorescein angiography and retinal vascular development in premature infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25 Suppl 3:53-6
  • Zepeda-Romero LC, Oregon-Miranda AA, Lizarraga-Barrón DS, et al. Early retinopathy of prematurity findings identified with fluorescein angiography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013;251:2093-7
  • Guagliano R, Barilla D, Bertone C, et al. Fluorescein angiography-based diagnosis for retinopathy of prematurity: expert-non expert comparison. Eur J Ophthalmol 2013;23:881-6
  • Henaine-Berra A, Garcia-Aguirre G, Quiroz-Mercado H, et al. Retinal fluorescein angiographic changes following intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;18:120-3
  • Tahija SG, Hersetyati R, Lam GC, et al. Fluorescein angiographic observations of peripheral retinal vessel growth in infants after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab as sole therapy for zone I and posterior zone II retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 2014;98:507-12
  • Lepore D, Quinn GE, Molle F, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab versus laser treatment in type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: report on fluorescein angiographic findings. Ophthalmology 2014;121:1-8
  • Recchia FM, Recchia CC. Foveal dysplasia evident by optical coherence tomography in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2006;27:1221-6
  • Soong GP, Shapiro MJ, Seiple W, Szlyk JP. Macular structure and vision of patients with macular heterotopia secondary to retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2008;28:1111-16
  • Villegas VM, Capó H, Cavuoto K, et al. Foveal structure-function correlation in children with history of retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 2014;158:508-12.e2
  • Wu W-C, Lin R-I, Shih C-P, et al. Visual acuity, optical components, and macular abnormalities in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 2012;119:1907-16
  • Joshi MM, Trese MT, Capone A. Optical coherence tomography findings in stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity: a theory for visual variability. Ophthalmology 2006;113:657-60
  • Vinekar A, Avadhani K, Sivakumar M, et al. Understanding clinically undetected macular changes in early retinopathy of prematurity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:5183-8
  • Vinekar A, Sivakumar M, Shetty R, et al. A novel technique using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis, SD-OCT+HRA) to image supine non-anaesthetized infants: utility demonstrated in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond) 2010;24:379-82
  • Chavala SH, Farsiu S, Maldonado RS, et al. Insights into advanced retinopathy of prematurity using handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Ophthalmology 2009;116:2448-56
  • Muni RH, Kohly RP, Charonis AC, et al. Retinoschisis Detected With Handheld Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Neonates With Advanced Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 2014;128:57-62
  • Maldonado RS, Connell RV, Sarin N, et al. Dynamics of Human Foveal Development. Ophthalmology 2011;118:2315-25
  • Dubis AM, Hansen BR, Cooper RF, et al. Relationship between the foveal avascular zone and foveal pit morphology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:1628-36
  • Vajzovic L, Hendrickson AE, Clark LA, et al. Maturation of the human fovea: correlation of Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography findings with histology. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;154:779-89
  • Dubis AM, Subramaniam CD, Godara P, et al. Subclinical macular findings in infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2013;120:1665-71
  • Maldonado RS, O’Connell R V, Ascher SB, et al. Spectral-Domain Optical coherence tomographic assessment of severity of Cystoid Macular Edema in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130:569-78
  • Moreno TA, O’Connell RV, Chiu SJ, et al. Choroid development and feasibility of choroidal imaging in the preterm and term infants utilizing SD-OCT. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:4140-7
  • Tong AY, El-Dairi M, Maldonado RS, et al. Evaluation of optic nerve development in preterm and term infants using handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2014;121:1818-26
  • Maldonado RS, Yuan E, Tran-Viet D, et al. Three-dimensional assessment of vascular and perivascular characteristics in subjects with retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 2014;121:1289-96
  • Autrata R, Krejcírová I, Senková K, et al. Intravitreal pegaptanib combined with diode laser therapy for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II. Eur J Ophthalmol 2012;22:687-94
  • Mota Á. Combination of intravitreal ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2012;136-41
  • Castellanos MA, Schwartz S, García-Aguirre G, Quiroz-Mercado H. Short-term outcome after intravitreal ranibizumab injections for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 2013;97:816-19
  • Lin CJ, Chen SN, Hwang JF, et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab as salvage therapy in an extremely low-birth-weight infant with rush type retinopathy of prematurity. Oman J Ophthalmol 2012;5:184-6
  • Lorenz B. Bevacizumab bei RPM? Klin Monbl Augenheilk 2011;228:488-90
  • Moshfeghi DM, Berrocal AM. Retinopathy of prematurity in the time of bevacizumab: incorporating the BEAT-ROP results into clinical practice. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1227-8
  • Raizada S, Al Kandari J, Al Sabti K. Will the BEAT-ROP Study Results Really Beat ROP? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:9288-9
  • Hu J, Blair MP, Shapiro MJ, et al. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after bevacizumab injection. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130:1000-6
  • Kusaka S, Shima C, Wada K, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for severe retinopathy of prematurity: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92:1450-5
  • Honda S, Hirabayashi H, Tsukahara Y, et al. Acute contraction of the proliferative membrane after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for advanced retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008;246:1061-3
  • Lee BJ, Kim JH, Heo H, et al. Delayed onset atypical vitreoretinal traction band formation after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond) 2012;26:903-9
  • Geloneck MM, Chuang AZ, Clark WL, et al. Refractive Outcomes Following Bevacizumab Monotherapy Compared with Conventional Laser Treatment: a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014;132:1327-33
  • Harder BC, Schlichtenbrede FC, von Baltz S, et al. Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: refractive Error Results. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155:1119-24
  • Chen YH, Chen SN, Lien RI, et al. Refractive errors after the use of bevacizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: 2-year outcomes. Eye (Lond) 2014;28:1080-7
  • Martinez-Castellanos MA, Schwartz S, Hernandez-Rojas ML, et al. Long-term effect of antiangiogenic therapy for retinopathy of prematurity up to 5 years of follow-up. Retina 2013;33:329-38
  • Saint-Geniez M, Maharaj ASR, Walshe TE, et al. Endogenous VEGF is required for visual function: evidence for a survival role on Müller cells and photoreceptors. PLoS One 2008;3:e3554
  • Miyake T, Sawada O, Kakinoki M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab and its effect on vascular endothelial growth factor after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in macaque eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:1606-8
  • Sato T, Wada K, Arahori H, et al. Serum concentrations of bevacizumab (Avastin) and vascular endothelial growth factor in infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153:327-33.e1
  • Banks RE, Forbes MA, Kinsey SE, et al. Release of the angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from platelets: significance for VEGF measurements and cancer biology. Br J Cancer 1998;77:956-64
  • Hörster R, Müther P, Dahlke C, et al. Serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor in an infant treated with ranibizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Ophthalmol 2012;49:50924
  • Ryan A, Eppler D, Hagler K. Preclinical safety evaluation of rhuMAb VEGF, an antiangiogenic humanized monoclonal antibody. Toxicol Pathol 1999;27:78-86
  • Benesch M, Windelberg M, Sauseng W. Compassionate use of bevacizumab (Avastin) in children and young adults with refractory or recurrent solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2008;19:807-13
  • Chung EJ, Kim JH, Ahn HS, Koh HJ. Combination of laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for aggressive zone I retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007;245:1727-30
  • Mintz-Hittner HA, Kuffel RR. 2008;Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity in zone I or posterior zone II. Retina 2008;28:831-8
  • Lalwani GA, Berrocal AM, Murray TG, et al. Off-Label use of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for salvage treatment in progressive threshold retinopathy of Prematurity. Retina 2008;28:S13-18
  • Quiroz-Mercado H, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Hernandez-Rojas ML, et al. Antiangiogenic therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2008;28:S19-25
  • Oberacher-Velten IM, Helbig H. VEGF-antikörper in der therapie der frühgeborenen- retinopathie VEGF antibodies as therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Klin Monbl Augenheilk 2010;227:694-700
  • Nazari H, Modarres M, Parvaresh MM, Ghasemi K. Intravitreal bevacizumab in combination with laser therapy for the treatment of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) associated with vitreous or retinal hemorrhage. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010;248:1713-18
  • Ahmed A, Channa R, Durrani J, et al. Early Experience with Intravitreal Bevacizumab Combined with Laser Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2010;17:264-7
  • Lee JY, Chae JB, Yang SJ, et al. Effects of intravitreal bevacizumab and laser in retinopathy of prematurity therapy on the development of peripheral retinal vessels. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010;248:1257-62
  • Law JC, Recchia FM, Morrison DG, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab as adjunctive treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;14:6-10
  • Roohipoor R, Ghasemi H, Ghassemi F, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab in retinopathy of prematurity: an interventional case series. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011;249:1295-301
  • Wutthiworawong B, Thitiratsanont U, Saovaprut C, et al. Combine intravitreal bevacizumab injection with laser treatment for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP). J Med Assoc Thai 2011;4:515-21
  • Wu WC, Yeh PT, Chen SN, et al. Effects and complications of bevacizumab use in patients with retinopathy of prematurity: a multicenter study in Taiwan. Ophthalmology 2011;118:176-83
  • Lorenz B, Neutzner R, Andrassi-Darida M, et al. Einsatz von Anti-VEGF bei der akuten Einsatz von Anti-VEGF bei der akuten Frühgeborenenretinopathie. der Augenspiegel 2011;5:32-5; article in german
  • Choovuthayakorn J, Ubonrat K. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection in advanced retinopathy of prematurity. J Med Assoc Thai 2012;5:570-5
  • Dani C, Frosini S, Fortunato P, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity as first line or rescue therapy with focal laser treatment. a case series. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:2194-7
  • Jalali S, Balakrishnan D, Zeynalova Z, et al. Serious adverse events and visual outcomes of rescue therapy using adjunct bevacizumab to laser and surgery for retinopathy of prematurity. The Indian twin cities retinopathy of prematurity screening database report number 5. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2013;98:F327-33
  • Xu Y, Zhang Q, Kang X, et al. Early vitreoretinal surgery on vascularly active stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity through the preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Acta Ophthalmol 2013;91:e304-10
  • Spandau U, Tomic Z, Ewald U, et al. Time to consider a new treatment protocol for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity? Acta Ophthalmol 2013;91:170-5
  • Şahin A, Şahin M, Cingü AK, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatr Int 2013;55:599-603
  • Wu WC, Kuo HK, Yeh PT, et al. An updated study of the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in Taiwan. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155:150-158.e1
  • Ehmann D, Greve M. Intravitreal bevacizumab for exudative retinal detachment post laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Can J Ophthalmol 2014;49:228-31
  • Kuniyoshi K, Sugioka K, Sakuramoto H, et al. Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2014;58:3-237-43
  • Harder BC, von Baltz S, Jonas JB, Schlichtenbrede FC. Intravitreal low-dosage bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Ophthalmol 2014;92:577-81
  • Chhablani J, Rani PK, Balakrishnan D, Jalali S. Unusual adverse choroidal reaction to intravitreal bevacizumab in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity: the Indian twin cities ROP screening (ITCROPS) data base report number 7. Semin Ophthalmol 2014;29:222-5
  • Chen W, Binenbaum G, Karp K, et al. Late recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity after treatment with both intravitreal bevacizumab and laser. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;18:402-4
  • Bancalari A, Schade R, Pena R, Pavez N. Intravitreal bevacizumab as single drug therapy for retinopathy of prematurity in 12 patients. Arch Argent Pediatr 2014;112:160-3

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.