Diagnosis and management of malignant tumors of the eyelid, conjunctiva and orbit

References

• Margo CE, Waltz K. Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid and periocular skin. Surv. Ophthalmol.38, 169–192 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook BE, Bartley GB. Epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of patients with malignant eyelid tumors in an incidence cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ophthalmology106, 746–750 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo Muzio L, Nocini PF, Savoia A et al. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Clinical findings in 37 Italian affected individuals. Clin. Genet.55, 34–40 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong VA, Marshall JA, Whitehaed KJ et al. Management of periocular basal cell carcinoma with modified En Face frozen section controlled excision. Ophthal. Plast. Recnonstr. Surg.18, 430–435 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogdanov-Berezovsky A, Cohen A, Glesinger R et al. Clinical and pathological findings in reexcision of incompletely excised basal cell carcinomas. Ann. Plast. Surg.47, 299–302 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway RM, Themel S, Holbach LM. Surgery for primary basal cell carcinoma including the eyelid margins with intraoperative frozen section control: comparative interventional study with a minimum clinical follow-up of 5 years. Br. J. Ophthalmol.88, 236–238 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeets NW, Krekels GA, Ostertag JU et al. Surgical excision vs Mohs’ micrographic surgery for basal-cell carcinoma of the face: randomized controlled trial. Lancet364, 1766–1772 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra R, Huilgol SC, Huynh NT, Selva D. The Australian Mohs database, part II: periocular basal cell carcinoma outcome at 5-year follow-up. Ophthalmology111, 631–636 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes WL. New method for rebuilding a lower eyelid. Arch. Ophthalmol.17, 1008–1017 (1937).
   Google Scholar
• Howard GR, Nerad JA, Carter KD, Whitaker DC. Clinical characteristics associated with orbital invasion of cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell tumors of the eyelid. Am. J. Ophthalmol.113, 123–133 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingves C, Jemec GBE. Combined imiquimod and acitretin for non-surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Hand Surg.37, 293–295 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes LE, de Rie M, Enström Y et al. Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate vs surgery for nodular basal cell carcinoma. Results of a multicenter randomized prosective trial. Arch. Dermatol.140, 17–23 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson MJ, Sullivan TJ, Whitehead KJ, Williamson RM. Periocular keratoacanthoma: clinical features, pathology and management. Ophthalmology110, 1403–1407 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leibovitch I, Huilgol SC, James CL et al. Periocular keratoacanthoma: can we always rely on the clinical diagnosis? Br. J. Ophthalmol.89, 1201–1204 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grossniklaus HE, Wojno TH, Yanoff M, Font RL. Invasive keratoacanthoma of the eyelid and ocular adnexa. Ophthalmology103, 937–941 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mencia-Gutierrez E, Gutierrez-Diaz E, Redondo-Marcos I, Ricoy JR, Garcia-Torre JP. Cutaneous horns of the eyelid: a clinicopathologic study of 48 cases. J. Cutan. Pathol.31, 539–543 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook BE Jr, Bartley GB. Treatment options and future prospects for the management of eyelid malignancies: an evidence-based update. Ophthalmology108, 2088–2098 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks R, Rennie G, Selwood TS. Malignant transformation of solar keratoses to squamous cell carcinoma. Lancet1, 795–797 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doxanas MT, Iliff WJ, Iliff NT et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelids. Ophthalmology94, 538–541 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dailey JR, Kennedy RH, Flaharty PM et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.10, 153–159 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donaldson MJ, Sullivan TJ, Whitehead KJ, Williamson RM. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelids. Br. J. Ophthalmol.86, 1161–1165 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faustina M, Diba R, Ahmadi MA et al. Patterns of regional and distant metastasis in patients with eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma. Ophthalmology111, 1930–1932 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Csaky KG, Custer P. Perineural invasion of the orbit by squamous cell carcinoma. Ophthalmi. Surg.21, 218–220 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Rossi R, Puccioni M, Mavilia L et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid treated with photodynamic therapy. J. Chemother.16, 306–309 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass LG, Hornblass A. Sebaceous carcinoma of the ocular adnexa. Surv. Ophthalmol.33, 477–490 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivela T, Asko-Seljavaara S, Pihkala U et al. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid associated with retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology108, 1124–1128 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan JA, Doane JF, Grove AS Jr. Sebaceous and meibomian carcinomas of the eyelid. Recognition, diagnosis, and management. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.7, 61–66 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen PR, Kohn SR, Kurzrock R. Association of sebaceous gland tumors and internal malignancy: the Muir-Torre syndrome. Am. J. Med.90, 606–613 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinard JH. Immunohistochemical distinction of ocular sebaceous carcinoma for basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Arch. Ophthalmol.117, 776–783 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lisman RD, Jakobiec FA, Small P. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids. The role of adjunctive cryotherapy in the management of conjunctival pagetoid spread. Ophthalmology96, 1021–1026 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shields CL, Naseripour M, Shields JA et al. Topical Mitomycin-C for pagetoid invasion of the conjunctiva by eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma. Ophthalmology109, 2129–2133 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao NA, Hidayat AA, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE. Sebaceous carcinomas of the ocular adnexa: a clinicopathologic study of 104 cases, with five-year follow-up data. Hum. Pathol.13, 113–122 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields JA, Demirci H, Marr B et al. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids: personal experience with 60 cases. Ophthalmology111, 2151–2157 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner A, Koornneff L, Levene A, Collin JRO. Malignant melanoma of the eyelid skin: histopathology and behavior. Br. J. Ophthalmol.69, 180–186 (1985).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koh HK. Cutaneous melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med.325, 171–182 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Wang B, Deavers M et al. Prognostic factors for survival in malignant melanoma of the eyelid skin. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.16, 250–257 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day CL Jr, Mihm MC Jr, Sober AJ et al. Narrower margins for clinical stage I malignant melanoma. N. Eng. J. Med.306, 479–482 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Yousseff A, Naderi A et al. Margins of excision for cutaneous melanoma of the eyelid skin: the collaborative eyelid skin melanoma group report. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.19, 96–101 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esmaeli B. Sentinel lymph node mapping for patients with cutaneous and conjunctival malignant melanoma. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.19, 96–101 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amato M, Esmaeli B, Ahmadi MA et al. Feasability of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for identification of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with conjunctival and periocular skin malignancies. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.19, 102–106 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijwahan N, Ross MI, Diba R et al. Experience with sentinel lymph node biopsy for eyelid and conjunctival malignancies at a cancer center. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.20, 291–295 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kivela T, Tarkkanen A. The Merkel cell and associated neoplasms in the eyelids and periocular region. Surv. Ophthalmol.35, 171–187 (1990).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peters GB 3rd, Meyer DR, Shields JA et al. Management and prognosis of Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid. Ophthalmology108, 1575–1579 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Naderi A, Hidaji L et al. Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid with a positive sentinel node. Arch. Ophthalmol.120, 650–652 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Allen PJ, Boune WB, Jacques DP et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of patients from a single institution. J. Clin. Oncol.23, 2300–2309 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy J, Monos T, Cagnano E, Lifshitz T. Adenocarcinoma of the eyelid as the presenting sign of breast carcinoma. Can. J. Ophthalmol.39, 679–681 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan LW, Linberg JV, Anderson RL. Metastatic disease first presenting as eyelid tumors: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Ann. Ophthalmol.19, 13–18 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Cleary KL, Ho L et al. Leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus metastatic to the eyelid: a clinicopathologic report. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.18, 159–61 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonnell JM, Mayr AJ, MartinWJ. DNA of human papillomavirus type 16 in dysplastic and malignant lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea. N. Eng. J. Med.320, 1442–1446 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odrich MG, Jakobiec FA, Lancaster WD et al. A spectrum of bilateral squamous conjunctival tumors associated with human papillomavirus type 16. Ophthalmology98, 628–635 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li G, Ho VC, Berean K, Tron VA. Ultraviolet radiation induction of squamous cell carcinomas in p53 transgenic mice. Cancer Res.55, 2070–2074 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mucciolo C, Belfort JR, Burnier M et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Ophthalmol.121, 94–96 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gunduz K, Shields CL, Shields JA et al. Intraocular neoplastic cyst from mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Arch. Ophthalmol.116, 1613–17 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shields JA, Shields CL, De Potter P. Surgical management of conjunctival tumors: the 1994 Lynn B. McMahan lecture. Arch. Ophthalmol.115, 808–815 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shields CL, Naseripour M, Shields JA. Topical mitomycin C for extensive, recurrent conjunctival-corneal squamous cell carcinoma. Am. J. Ophthalmol.133, 601–606 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeatts RP, Ford JG, Stanton CA. Topical 5-fluorouracil in treatment of epithelial neoplasia of the conjunctiva and cornea. Ophthalmology102, 1338–1344 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskin SL. Regression of limbal epithelial neoplasia with topical interferon. Arch. Ophthalmol.112, 1145–1146 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ullman S, Augburger JJ, Brady LW. Fractionated epibulbar I-125 plaque radiotherapy for recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bulbar conjunctiva. Am. J. Ophthalmol.119, 102–103 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearsley JH, Fitchew RS, Taylor RG. Adjunctive radiotherapy with strontium-90 in the treatment of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.119, 435–443 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• Folberg R, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE. Primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva. Hum. Pathol.16, 129–135 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields JA, Shields CL, Eagle RC Jr et al. Primary acquired melanosis of the conjonctiva in 311 eyes. Presented at: The American Ophthalmological Society. One Hundred and Forty-third Annual Meeting. The Greenbrier, West Sulphur Springs, WV, USA 20–23 May 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Folberg R, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE. Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Hum. Pathol.16, 136–143 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowers I, Livni N, Soloman A et al. MIB-1 and PC-10 immunostaining for the assessment of proliferative activity in primary acquired melanosis without and with atypia. Br. J. Ophthalmol.82, 1316–1319 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• Demirci H, McCormick SA, Finger PT. Topical mitomycin chemotherapy for conjunctival malignant melanoma and primary acquired melanosis with atypia: clinical experience with histopathologic observations. Arch. Ophthalmol.118, 885–891 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jakobiec FA, Rini FJ, Fraunfelder FT et al. Cryotherapy for conjunctival primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma. Ophthalmology95, 1058–1070 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paridaens AD, Minassian DC, McCartney AC, Hungerford JL. Prognostic factors in primary malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva: a clinicopathologic study of 256 cases. Br. J. Ophthalmol.78, 252–259 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederman M, Wybar K, Busby E. Malignant epibulbar melanoma: natural history and treatment by radiotherapy. Br. J. Ophthalmol.68, 605–617 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paridaens AD, Mc Cartney AC, Minassian DC et al. Orbital exenteration in 95 cases of primary conjunctival mealignant melanoma. Br. J. Ophthalmol.78, 520–528 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomala S, Kievela T. Metastatic pattern and survival in disseminated conjunctival melanoma: implication for sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ophthalmology111, 816–821 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Wang X, Youssef A et al. Patterns of regional and distant metastasis in patients with conjunctival melanoma: experience at a cancer center over four decades. Ophthalmology108, 2101–2105 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS et al. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Science266, 1865–1869(1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghabrial R, Quivey JM, Dunn JP Jr, Char DH. Radiation therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related Kaposi’s sarcoma of the eyelids and conjunctiva. Arch. Ophthalmol.110, 1423–1426 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krown SE. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma: implications for the design of therapeutic trials in patients with advanced symptomatic Kaposi’s sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol.23, 2433–2434 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knowles DM, Jakobiec FA, McNally L et al. Lymphoid hyperplasia and malignant lymphoma occurring in the ocular adnexa (orbit, conjunctiva, and eyelids): a prospective multiparametric analysis of 108 cases during 1977 to 1987. Hum. Pathol.21, 959–973 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Murray JL, Ahmadi MA et al. Immunotherapy for low-grade non-Hodgkin’s secondary lymphoma of the orbit. Arch. Ophthalmol.120, 1225–1227 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gündüz K, Shields CL, Günalp I, Shields JA. Magnetic resonance imaging of unilateral lacrimal gland lesions. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.241, 907–913 (Erratum in: Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.243, 287, 2005) (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreri AJ, Guidoboni M, De Conciilis C et al. Evidence for an association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal granulomas. J. Natl Cancer Inst.96, 586–594 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan CC, Smith JA, Shen DF et al.Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) molecular signature in conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Histol. Histopathol.19, 1219–1226 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White WL, Ferry JA, Harris NL, Grove AS Jr. Orbital adnexal lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study with identification of lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoma tissue type. Ophthalmology102, 1994–2006 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauer SA. Ocular adnexal lymphoid tumors. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol.11, 361–366 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasegawa M, Kojima M, Shioya M et al. Treatment results of radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of the orbit and histopathologic review according to the WHO classification. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.57, 172–176 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennerdell JS, Flores NE, Hartstock RJ. Low-dose radiotherapy for lymphoid lesions of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.15, 129–133 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platanias LC, Putterman AM, Vijayakumar S et al. Treatment and prognosis of orbital non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Am. J. Clin. Oncol.15, 79–83 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fung CY, Tarbell NJ, Lucarelli MJ et al. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: clinical behavior of distinct World Health Organization classification subtypes. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.57, 1382–1391 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramson DH, Rollins I, Coleman M. Periocular mucosa-associated low grade lymphomas: treatment with antibiotics. Am. J. Ophthalmol.140, 729–730 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valenzuela AA, Allen C, Grimes D, Wong D, Sullivan TJ. Positron emission tomography in the detection and staging of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. Ophthalmology113, 2331–2337 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC, Rathmell JP. Clinicopathologic review of 142 cases of lacrimal gland lesions. Ophthalmology96, 431–435 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellado MV, McLean IW, Shecht CS, Varga J. Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland in childhood and adolescence. Ophthalmology104, 1622–1625 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Font RL, Smith SL, Bryan RG. Malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland: clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Arch. Ophthalmol.116, 613–616 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gamel JW, Font RL. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: the clinical significance of a basaloid histologic pattern. Hum. Pathol.13, 219–225 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Ahmadi MA, Youssef A et al. Outcomes in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.20, 22–26 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meldrum ML, Tse DT, Benedetto P. Neoadjuvant intracarotid chemotherapy for treatment of advanced adenocystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Arch. Ophthalmol.116, 315–321 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg RA, Rootman J, Cline RA. Tumors metastatic to the orbit. Surv. Ophthalmol.35, 1–24 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Char DH, Miller T, Kroll S. Orbital metastasis: Diagnosis and course. Br. J. Ophthalmol.81, 386–390 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullock J, Yanes B. Ophthalmic manifestations of metastatic breast cancer. Ophthalmology887, 961–972 (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Chang BY, Cunniffe G, Hutchinson C. Enophthalmos associated with primary breast carcinoma. Orbit21, 307–310 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shields JA, Shields CL. Rhabdomyosarcoma: review for the ophthalmologist. Surv. Ophthalmol.48, 39–57 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharam M, Beltangady M, Hays D et al. Localized orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. An interim report of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee. Ophthalmology94, 251–254 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raney RB, Anderson JR, Kollath J et al. Late effects of therapy in 94 patients with localized rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit: Report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-III, 1984–1991. Med. Pediatr. Oncol.34, 413–420 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amato MM, Esmaeli B, Shore JW. Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to the contralateral orbit. Ophthalmology109, 753–756 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kodet R. Rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. An immunohistochemical analysis with myoglobin, desmin, and vimentin. Pathol. Res. Pract.185, 207–213 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raney RB, Anderson JR, Barr FG et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in the first two decades of life: a selective review of IRS group experience and rationale for IRS V. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.23, 215–220(2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breneman JC, Lyden E, Pappo AS et al. Prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma – a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV. J. Clin. Oncol.21, 78–84 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolden SL, Wexler LH, Kraus DH et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.61, 1432–1438 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zimmerman LE, Font RL. Ophthalmologic manifestations of granulocytic sarcoma (myeloid sarcoma or chloroma). Am. J. Ophthalmol.80, 975–990 (1975).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templeton AC. Orbital tumors in African children. Br. J. Ophthalmol.55, 254–261 (1971).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diebold J, Jaffe ES, Raphael M, Warnke RA. Burkitt lymphoma. In: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW (Eds). IARC Press, Lyon, France, 181–184 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Musarella M, Chan HSL, DeBoer G et al. Ocular involvement in neuroblastoma: Prognostic implications. Ophthalmology91, 936–940 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratkin D, Purcell JJ, Krachmer JH et al. Wilms’ tumor metastatic to the orbit. JAMA238, 1841–1842 (1977).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawachi E, Nunobiki K, Shimada S et al. A case of Ewing’s sarcoma with orbital metastases. Folia Ophthalmol. Jpn35, 1840–1845 (1984).
   Google Scholar