Multifocal electroretinography: update on clinical application and future development

References

• Sutter EE, Tran D. The field topography of ERG components in man – I. The photopic luminance response. Vision Res.32(3), 433–446 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood DC. Assessing retinal function with the multifocal technique. Prog. Retin. Eye Res.19(5), 607–646 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood DC, Odel JG, Chen CS, Winn BJ. The multifocal electroretinogram. J. Neuroophthalmol.23(3), 225–235 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating D, Parks S, Evans A. Technical aspects of multifocal ERG recording. Doc Ophthalmol.100(2–3), 77–98 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kretschmann U, Bock M, Gockeln R, Zrenner E. Clinical applications of multifocal electroretinography. Doc. Ophthalmol.100(2–3), 99–113 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sutter E. The interpretation of multifocal binary kernels. Doc. Ophthalmol.100(2–3), 49–75 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai TY, Chan WM, Lai RY, Ngai JW, Li H, Lam DS. The clinical applications of multifocal electroretinography: a systematic review. Surv. Ophthalmol.52(1), 61–96 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood DC, Bach M, Brigell M et al. ISCEV guidelines for clinical multifocal electroretinography (2007 Edition). Doc. Ophthalmol. (2007) [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heinemann-Vernaleken B, Palmowski AM, Allgayer R, Ruprecht KW. Comparison of different high resolution multifocal electroretinogram recordings in patients with age-related maculopathy. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.239(8), 556–561 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigl B, Brown B, Lovie-Kitchin J, Swann P. Adaptation responses in early age-related maculopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci.46(12), 4722–4727 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerth C, Hauser D, Delahunt PB, Morse LS, Werner JS. Assessment of multifocal electroretinogram abnormalities and their relation to morphologic characteristics in patients with large drusen. Arch. Ophthalmol.121(10), 1404–1414 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jurklies B, Weismann M, Hüsing J, Bornfeld N. Monitoring retinal function in neovascular maculopathy using multifocal electroretinography – early and long-term correlation with clinical findings. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.240(4), 244–264 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigl B, Brown B, Lovie-Kitchin J, Swann P. The rod-mediated multifocal electroretinogram in aging and in early age-related maculopathy. Curr. Eye Res.31(7–8), 635–644 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigl B, Brown B, Lovie-Kitchin J, Swann P. Postreceptoral adaptation abnormalities in early age-related maculopathy. Vis. Neurosci.23(6), 863–870 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerth C, Delahunt PB, Alam S, Morse LS, Werner JS. Cone-mediated multifocal electroretinogram in age-related macular degeneration: progression over a long-term follow-up. Arch. Ophthalmol.124(3), 345–352 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imai H, Honda S, Nakanishi Y, Yamamoto H, Tsukahara Y, Negi A. Different transitions of multifocal electroretinogram recordings between patients with age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after photodynamic therapy. Br. J. Ophthalmol.90(12), 1524–1530 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neveu MM, Tufail A, Dowler JG, Holder GE. A comparison of pattern and multifocal electroretinography in the evaluation of age-related macular degeneration and its treatment with photodynamic therapy. Doc. Ophthalmol.113(2), 71–81 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigl B, Brown B, Lovie-Kitchin J, Lee L. Dynamics of retinal function after multiple photodynamic therapies in age-related macular degeneration: a report of cases. Doc. Ophthalmol.111(3), 135–148 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay AM, Brown MC, Hagan RP, Fisher AC guidelines for clinical multifocal electroretinographAC, Grierson I, Harding SP. Deficits in the electroretinogram in neovascular age-related macular degeneration and changes during photodynamic therapy. Doc. Ophthalmol.115(2), 69–76 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay AM, Brown MC, Grierson I, Harding SP. Multifocal electroretinography as a predictor of maintenance of vision after photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Doc. Ophthalmol. (2007) [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• Lai TY, Chan WM, Lam DS. Transient reduction in retinal function revealed by multifocal electroretinogram after photodynamic therapy. Am. J. Ophthalmol.137(5), 826–833 (2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzekov R, Lin T, Zhang KM et al. Ocular changes after photodynamic therapy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(1), 377–385 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obata R, Yanagi Y, Tamaki Y. Postoperative assessment of retinal function using a multifocal electroretinogram after the removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol.50(5), 479–482 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lipski A, Bornfeld N, Jurklies B. Multifocal electroretinography in patients with exudative amd and intravitreal treatment with pegaptanib sodium. Retina27(7), 864–872 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maturi RK, Bleau LA, Wilson DL. Electrophysiologic findings after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment. Retina26(3), 270–274 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moschos MM, Brouzas D, Apostolopoulos M, Koutsandrea C, Loukianou E, Moschos M. Intravitreal use of bevacizumab (Avastin) for choroidal neovascularization due to ARMD: a preliminary multifocal-ERG and OCT study. Multifocal-ERG after use of bevacizumab in ARMD. Doc. Ophthalmol.114(1), 37–44 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappelow AV, Marmor MF. Multifocal electroretinogram abnormalities persist following resolution of central serous chorioretinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol.118(9), 1211–1215 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marmor MF, Tan F. Central serous chorioretinopathy: bilateral multifocal electroretinographic abnormalities. Arch. Ophthalmol.117(2), 184–188 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vajaranant TS, Szlyk JP, Fishman GA, Gieser JP, Seiple W. Localized retinal dysfunction in central serous chorioretinopathy as measured using the multifocal electroretinogram. Ophthalmology109(7), 1243–1250 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moschos M, Brouzas D, Koutsandrea C et al. Assessment of central serous chorioretinopathy by optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinography. Ophthalmologica221(5), 292–298 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai TY, Lai RY, Ngai JW, Chan WM, Li H, Lam DS. First and second-order kernel multifocal electroretinography abnormalities in acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Doc. Ophthalmol. (2007). [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai TY, Chan WM, Li H, Lai RY, Liu DT, Lam DS. Safety enhanced photodynamic therapy with half dose verteporfin for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a short term pilot study. Br. J. Ophthalmol.90(7), 869–874 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmowski AM, Sutter EE, Bearse MA Jr, Fung W. Mapping of retinal function in diabetic retinopathy using the multifocal electroretinogram. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.38(12), 2586–2596 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortune B, Schneck ME, Adams AJ. Multifocal electroretinogram delays reveal local retinal dysfunction in early diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.40(11), 2638–2651 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Adams AJ, Bearse MA Jr, Schneck ME. Multifocal electroretinogram and short-wavelength automated perimetry measures in diabetic eyes with little or no retinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol. 122(12), 1809–1815 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bearse MA Jr, Han Y, Schneck ME, Barez S, Jacobsen C, Adams AJ. Local multifocal oscillatory potential abnormalities in diabetes and early diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(9), 3259–3265 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenstein VC, Holopigian K, Hood DC, Seiple W, Carr RE. The nature and extent of retinal dysfunction associated with diabetic macular edema. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.41(11), 3643–3654 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada Y, Li Y, Bearse MA Jr, Sutter EE, Fung W. Assessment of early retinal changes in diabetes using a new multifocal ERG protocol. Br. J. Ophthalmol.85(4), 414–419 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Hu G, Huang T, Huang H, Chen B. Using multifocal ERG responses to discriminate diabetic retinopathy. Doc. Ophthalmol.112(3), 201–207 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han Y, Bearse MA Jr, Schneck ME, Barez S, Jacobsen CH, Adams AJ. Multifocal electroretinogram delays predict sites of subsequent diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(3), 948–954 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Schneck ME, Bearse MA Jr et al. Formulation and evaluation of a predictive model to identify the sites of future diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(11), 4106–4112 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng JS, Bearse MA Jr, Han Y et al. Modeling the development of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy over 2 years. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci.47, 988 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Bearse MA Jr, Adams AJ, Han Y et al. A multifocal electroretinogram model predicting the development of diabetic retinopathy. Prog. Retin. Eye Res.25(5), 425–448 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JC, Brown B, Schmid KL. Delayed mfERG responses in myopia. Vision Res.46(8–9), 1221–1229 (2006)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luu CD, Lau AM, Lee SY. Multifocal electroretinogram in adults and children with myopia. Arch Ophthalmol.124(3), 328–334 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen JC, Brown B, Schmid KL. Retinal adaptation responses revealed by global flash multifocal electroretinogram are dependent on the degree of myopic refractive error. Vision Res.46(20), 3413–3421 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawabata H, Adachi-Usami E. Multifocal electroretinogram in myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol.Vis Sci.38(13), 2844–2851 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JC, Brown B, Schmid KL. Slow flash multifocal electroretinogram in myopia. Vision Res.46(18), 2869–2876 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen JC, Brown B, Schmid KL. Evaluation of inner retinal function in myopia using oscillatory potentials of the multifocal electroretinogram. Vision Res.46(24), 4096–4103 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luu CD, Foulds WS, Tan DT. Features of the multifocal electroretinogram may predict the rate of myopia progression in children. Ophthalmology14(8), 1433–1438 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Hasegawa S, Ohshima A, Hayakawa Y, Takagi M, Abe H. Multifocal electroretinograms in patients with branch retinal artery occlusion. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.42(1), 298–304 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hvarfner C, Andreasson S, Larsson J. Multifocal electroretinography and fluorescein angiography in retinal vein occlusion. Retina26(3), 292–6 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moschos MM, Brouzas D, Loukianou E, Apostolopoulos M, Moschos M. Intraocular triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to CRVO. A multifocal-ERG and OCT study. Doc. Ophthalmol.114(1), 1–7 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh KT, Boldt HC, Maturi RK, Folk JC, Kardon RH. Evaluation of patients with visual field defects following macular hole surgery using multifocal electroretinography. Retina20(3), 238–243 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li D, Horiguchi M, Kishi S. Tomographic and multifocal electroretinographic features of idiopathic epimacular membranes. Arch. Ophthalmol.122(10), 1462–1467 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai TY, Kwok AK, Au AW, Lam DS. Assessment of macular function by multifocal electroretinography following epiretinal membrane surgery with indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.245(1), 148–154 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferencz M, Somfai GM, Farkas A et al. Functional assessment of the possible toxicity of indocyanine green dye in macular hole surgery. Am. J. Ophthalmol.142(5), 765–770 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tari SR, Vidne-Hay O, Greenstein VC, Barile GR, Hood DC, Chang S. Functional and structural measurements for the assessment of internal limiting membrane peeling in idiopathic macular pucker. Retina27(5), 567–572 (20072007)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maturi RK, Yu M, Weleber RG. Multifocal electroretinographic evaluation of long-term hydroxychloroquine users. Arch. Ophthalmol.122(7), 973–981 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai TY, Chan WM, Li H, Lai RY, Lam DS. Multifocal electroretinographic changes in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine therapy. Am. J. Ophthalmol.140(5), 794–807 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponjavic V, Andreasson S. Multifocal ERG and full-field ERG in patients on long-term vigabatrin medication. Doc.Ophthalmol.102(1), 63–72 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luu JK, Chappelow AV, McCulley TJ, Marmor MF. Acute effects of sildenafil on the electroretinogram and multifocal electroretinogram. Am. J. Ophthalmol.132(3), 388–394 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilbert ME, Savino PJ. Missing the bull’s eye. Surv. Ophthalmol.52(4), 440–442 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai TY, Ngai JW, Chan WM, Lam DS. Visual field and multifocal electroretinography and their correlations in patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy. Doc. Ophthalmol.112(3), 177–187 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellner U, Renner AB, Tillack H. Fundus autofluorescence and mfERG for early detection of retinal alterations in patients using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(8), 3531–3538 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Padilla JA, Hedges TR 3rd, Monson B et al. High-speed ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography findings in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol.125(6), 775–780 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons JS, Severns ML. Detection of early hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity enhanced by ring ratio analysis of multifocal electroretinography. Am. J. Ophthalmol.143(5), 801–809 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kardon RH, Morrisey MC, Lee AG. Abnormal multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in ethambutol toxicity. Semin. Ophthalmol.21(4), 215–222 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arda H, Oner A, Mutlu S et al. Multifocal electroretinogram for assessing sun damage following the solar eclipse of 29 March 2006: multifocal electroretinography in solar maculopathy. Doc. Ophthalmol.114(3), 159–162 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stangos AN, Petropoulos IK, Pournaras JA, Zaninetti M, Borruat FX, Pournaras CJ. Optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinogram findings in chronic solar retinopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol.144(1), 131–134 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chia A, Luu CD, Mathur R, Cheng B, Chee SP. Electrophysiological findings in patients with dengue-related maculopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol.124(10), 1421–1426 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai TY, Mohamed S, Chan WM, Lai RY, Lam DS. Multifocal electroretinography in dengue fever-associated maculopathy. Br. J. Ophthalmol.91(8), 1084–1085 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph A, Rogers S, Browning A et al. Syphilitic acute posterior placoid chorioretinitis in nonimmuno-compromised patients. Eye21(8), 1114–1119 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkenstein I, Kozak I, Kayikcioglu O et al. Assessment of retinal function in patients with HIV without infectious retinitis by multifocal electroretinogram and automated perimetry. Retina26(8), 928–934 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton AB, Hansen RM, Moskowitz A, Barnaby AM. Multifocal ERG in subjects with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Doc. Ophthalmol.111(1), 7–13 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schatz P, Holm K, Andreasson S. Retinal function after scleral buckling for recent onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: assessment with electroretinography and optical coherence tomography. Retina27(1), 30–36 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koutsandrea C, Moschos MM, Brouzas D, Loukianou E, Apostolopoulos M, Moschos M. Intraocular triamcinolone acetonide for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinography study. Retina27(2), 159–164 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliman W, Zibrandtsen N, Jorgensen T, Sander B, Alsbirk PH, Larsen M. Sequels of Purtscher’s retinopathy imaged by enhanced optical coherence tomography. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand.85(4), 450–453 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corver HD, Ruys J, Kestelyn-Stevens AM, De Laey JJ, Leroy BP. Two cases of acute macular neuroretinopathy. Eye21(9), 1226–1229 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li D, Kishi S. Loss of photoreceptor outer segment in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol.25(9), 1194–1200 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Cusick M, Toma HS, Hwang TS, Brown JC, Miller NR, Adams NA. Binasal visual field defects from simultaneous bilateral retinal infarctions in sickle cell disease. Am. J. Ophthalmol.143(5), 893–896 (2007)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hood DC, Holopigian K, Greenstein V et al. Assessment of local retinal function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa using the multi-focal ERG technique. Vision Res.38(1), 163–179 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holopigian K, Seiple W, Greenstein VC, Hood DC, Carr RE. Local cone and rod system function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.42(3), 779–788 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robson AG, Saihan Z, Jenkins SA et al. Functional characterisation and serial imaging of abnormal fundus autofluorescence in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and normal visual acuity. Br. J. Ophthalmol.90(4), 472–479 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerth C, Wright T, Héon E, Westall CA. Assessment of central retinal function in patients with advanced retinitis pigmentosa. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.48(3), 1312–1318 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janáky M, Pálffy A, Deák A, Szilágyi M, Benedek G. Multifocal ERG reveals several patterns of cone degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa with concentric narrowing of the visual field. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.48(1), 383–389 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piao CH, Kondo M, Tanikawa A, Terasaki H, Miyake Y. Multifocal electroretinogram in occult macular dystrophy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.41(2), 513–517 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons JS. Non-familial occult macular dystrophy. Doc.Ophthalmol.111(1), 49–56 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scholl HP, Schuster AM, Vonthein R, Zrenner E. Mapping of retinal function in Best macular dystrophy using multifocal electroretinography. Vision Res.42(8), 1053–1061 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Renner AB, Tillack H, Kraus H et al. Morphology and functional characteristics in adult vitelliform macular dystrophy. Retina24(6), 929–939 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz P, Klar J, Andréasson S, Ponjavic V, Dahl N. Variant phenotype of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy associated with compound heterozygous mutations in VMD2. Ophthalmic. Genet.27(2), 51–56 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glybina IV, Frank RN. Localization of multifocal electroretinogram abnormalities to the lesion site: findings in a family with Best disease. Arch. Ophthalmol.124(11), 1593–1600 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keilhauer CN, Meigen T, Weber BH. Clinical findings in a multigeneration family with autosomal dominant central areolar choroidal dystrophy associated with an Arg195Leu mutation in the peripherin/RDS gene. Arch. Ophthalmol.124(7), 1020–1027 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tremblay F, Parkinson J. Gradient of deficit in cone responses in the incomplete form of congenital stationary night blindness revealed by multifocal electroretinography. Doc. Ophthalmol. (2007) [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• Jonasson F, Sander B, Eysteinsson T, Jörgensen T, Klintworth GK. Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy: the mildest changes are located in the photoreceptor outer segment/retinal pigment epithelium junction. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand.85(8), 862–867 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oh KT, Vallar C. Central cone dysfunction in autosomal dominant vitreoretino choroidopathy (ADVIRC). Am. J. Ophthalmol.141(5), 940–943 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiple W, Szlyk JP, Paliga J, Rabb MF. Perifoveal function in patients with North Carolina macular dystrophy: the importance of accounting for fixation locus. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(4), 1703–1709 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly JP, Weiss AH. Topographical retinal function in oculocutaneous albinism. Am. J. Ophthalmol.141(6), 1156–1158 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudgeon SM, Keating D, Parks S. Simultaneous structural and functional imaging of the macula using combined optical coherence tomography ophthalmoscope and multifocal electroretinogram. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. Opt. Image Sci. Vis.24(5), 1394–1401 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kondo M, Miyake Y. Assessment of local cone on- and off-pathway function using multifocal ERG technique. Doc. Ophthalmol.100(2–3), 139–54 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmowski-Wolfe AM, Perez MT, Behnke S, Fuss G, Martziniak M, Ruprecht KW. Influence of dopamine deficiency in early Parkinson's disease on the slow stimulation multifocal-ERG. Doc Ophthalmol.112(3), 209–215 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmowski-Wolfe AM, Allgayer RJ, Vernaleken B, Schotzau A, Ruprecht KW. Slow-stimulated multifocal ERG in high- and normal-tension glaucoma. Doc. Ophthalmol.112(3), 157–168 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albrecht J, Jagle H, Hood DC, Sharpe LT. The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and cone isolating stimuli: variation in L- and M-cone driven signals across the retina. J. Vis.2(8), 543–558 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigl B, Zele AJ. A method for investigating the temporal dynamics of local neuroretinal responses. J. Neurosci. Methods (2007) [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keating D, Parks S, Malloch C, Evans A. A comparison of CRT and digital stimulus delivery methods in the multifocal ERG. Doc.Ophthalmol.102(2), 95–114 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith DC, Keating D, Parks S, Evans AL. An instrument to investigate temporal processing mechanisms with the multifocal ERG. J. Med. Eng. Technol.26(4), 147–151 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi SS, Doble N, Hardy JL et al. In vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic in retinal dystrophies and correlations with visual function. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(5), 2080–2092 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar