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Review

Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure

References

  • Papers of special note have been highlighted as:
  • (•)     of interest
  • (••)   of considerable interest.
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•• An early, ground-breaking trial demonstrating that in hemodialysis (HD) patients with heart disease administration of epoetin to target a near normal hematocrit is not recommended.

• A pivotal trial in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients not on dialysis, showing a higher mortality risk in patients with complete anemia correction compared to those with partial anemia correction.

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• Another pivotal trial comparing partial versus complete anemia correction in CKD patients not on dialysis, demonstrating no reduction of cardiovascular events after early complete correction.

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• A large trial in diabetic CKD patients not on dialysis reporting that darbepoetin alfa compared to placebo did not reduce the risk of either death or a cardiovascular event or death or a renal event, but increased the risk of stroke.

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••A seminal report in anemic peritoneal dialysis patients demonstrating the feasibility of extended methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (MPG-EPO) administration intervals.

  • Veng-Pedersen P, Freise KJ, Schmidt RL, et al. Pharmacokinetic differentiation of drug candidates using system analysis and physiological-based modelling. Comparison of C.E.R.A. and erythropoietin. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;60:1321–1334.
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  • Sulowicz W, Locatelli F, Ryckelynck JP, et al. Once-monthly subcutaneous C.E.R.A. maintains stable hemoglobin control in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and converted directly from epoetin one to three times weekly. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2:637–646.
  • Spinowitz B, Coyne DW, Lok CE, et al. C.E.R.A. maintains stable control of hemoglobin in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis when administered once every two weeks. Am J Nephrol. 2008;28:280–289.
  • Carrera F, Lok CE, de Francisco A, et al. Maintenance treatment of renal anaemia in haemodialysis patients with methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta versus darbepoetin alfa administered monthly: a randomized comparative trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25:4009–4017.
  • Canaud B, Mingardi G, Braun J, et al. Intravenous C.E.R.A. maintains stable hemoglobin levels in patients on dialysis previously treated with darbepoetin alfa: results from STRIATA, a randomized phase III study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23:3654–3661.
  • Oh J, Joo KW, Chin HJ, et al. Correction of anemia with continuous erythropoietin receptor activator in Korean patients on long-term hemodialysis. J Korean Med Sci. 2014;29(1):76–83.
  • Fliser D, Kleophas W, Dellanna F, et al. Evaluation of maintenance of stable haemoglobin levels in haemodialysis patients converting from epoetin or darbepoetin to monthly intravenous C.E.R.A.: the MIRACEL study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(5):1083–1089.
  • Dellana F, Winkler RE, Bozkurt F, et al. Dosing strategies for conversion of haemodialysis patients from short-acting erythropoiesis stimulating agents to once-monthly C.E.R.A.: experience from the MIRACEL study. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65(1):64–72.
  • Locatelli MS, Menegato AM, Villa G, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-monthly continuous erythropoietin receptor activator in patients with chronic renal anemia. J Nephrol. 2013;26(6):1114–1121.
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  • Mircera (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) [prescribing information]. South San Francisco, CA: Hoffmann-La Roche; 2014.
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• A cutting-edge review summarizing current knowledge about available and investigational anti-anemic therapies.

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• A prospective observational trial under real-life conditions, reporting stable hemoglobin (Hb) levels in kidney transplant recipients with once-monthly MPG-EPO therapy.

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• A detailed description of Hb cycling during recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in HD patients.

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••A sophisticated analysis of the reticulocyte and Hb kinetics and variability under different ESAs and administration intervals in HD patients.

  • Choy BY, Lam MF, Yip T, et al. Dosing regimen and tolerability of methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta in Chinese dialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton). 2013;18(8):533–538.
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• An important overview of hepcidin regulation and its potential role in CKD-related anemia.

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••Detailed evaluation of MPG-EPO`s safety profile in a pooled population comprising all patients from the completed phase II and phase III MPG-EPO studies.

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• A systematic review reasoning that there is currently insufficient evidence to suggest the superiority of any erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) formulation based on available safety and efficacy data.

  • Hörl WH. Differentiating factors between erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: an update to selection for anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Drugs. 2013;73(2):117–130.
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• An in-depth review summarizing current knowledge with respect to etiology and therapy of antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia.

  • Lim SK, Bee PC, Keng TC, et al. Resolution of epoetin-induced pure red cell aplasia 2 years later, successful re-challenge with continuous erythropoiesis receptor stimulator. Clin Nephrol. 2013;80(3):227–230.
  • Pannier A, Jordan P, Dougherty FC, et al. Subcutaneous injection pain with C.E.R.A., a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator, compared with darbepoetin alfa. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(12):3025–3032.
  • Esposito C, Abelli M, Sileno G, et al. Effects of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2012;44(7):1916–1917.
  • Inal S, Gölbaş C, Oneç K, et al. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA) induced restless legs syndrome. Ther Apher Dial. 2012;16(4):378–379.
  • Galenica and Roche enter into exclusive license agreement for the commercialisation of Mircera® in the US. Galenica media releases. 2015. [ cited 2015 Aug 4]. Available from: http://www.galenica.com/en/medien/medienmitteilungen/2015/20150528_4356928162_meldung.php
  • Alsalimy N, Awaisu A. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta versus darbepoetin alfa for anemia in non-dialysis-dependent CKD: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pharm. 2014;36(6):1115–1125.
  • Chow JS, Rayment G, Britos V, et al. Change process during synchronised conversion to a once-monthly erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) administration at a single satellite haemodialysis unit. J Ren Care. 2012;38(4):191–201.
  • Schiller B, Doss S, De Cock E, et al. Costs of managing anemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents during hemodialysis: a time and motion study. Hemodial Int. 2008;12(4):441–449.

• A pioneer study demonstrating that use of a once-monthly ESA to correct anemia in dialysis patients may provide substantial time, resource, and cost savings.

  • Saueressig U, Kwan JT, De Cock E, et al. Healthcare resource utilization for anemia management: current practice with erythropoiesis- stimulating agents and the impact of converting to once-monthly C.E.R.A. Blood Purif. 2008;26(6):537–546.
  • De Cock E, Dellanna F, Khellaf K, et al. Time savings associated with C.E.R.A. once monthly: a time-and-motion study in hemodialysis centers in five European countries. J Med Econ. 2013;16(5):648–656.
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  • Rieger J, Krummel T, Petitjean P, et al. Switch of methoxy-polyethylene-glycol-epoetin beta to darbepoetin alfa in 263 dialysis patients. Ann Pharm Fr. 2015. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Otsuka T, Sakai Y, Yui S, et al. Comparison of pain and efficacy of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin beta pegol treatment in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. J Nippon Med Sch. 2015;82(1):21–26.
  • Donck J, Gonzalez-Tabares L, Chanliau J, et al. Preservation of anemia control and weekly ESA dosage after conversion from PEG-epoetin beta to darbepoetin alfa in adult hemodialysis patients: the TRANSFORM study. Adv Ther. 2014;31(11):1155–1168.
  • Schmidt RJ. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta: worth waiting for or a novelty worn off? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10(9):1509–1514.

••A critical review highlighting potential benefits of MPG-EPO treatment for renal anemia.

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