Diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection through serological and virological markers

References

• Kao JH, Chen DS. Global control of hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet Infect. Dis.2, 395–403 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection – natural history and clinical consequences. N. Engl. J. Med.350, 1118–1129 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt CM, McGill JM, Allen MI, Condreay LD. Clinical relevance of hepatitis B viral mutations. Hepatology31, 1037–1044 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui CK, Cheung WW, Zhang HY et al. Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology131, 59–68 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen DS. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: new light on an old story. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.8, 470–475 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao JH, Chen DS. The Natural History of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. In: Hepatitis B virus. Lai CL, Locarnini S (Eds). International Medical Press Ltd, London, UK, 72–161 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Chu CM, Karayiannis P, Fowler MJ, Monjardino J, Liaw YF, Thomas HC. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: studies of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum. Hepatology5, 431–434 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui CK, Leung N, Yuen ST et al.; Hong Kong Liver Fibrosis Study Group. Natural history and disease progression in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase. Hepatology46, 395–401 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw YF, Chu CM, Su IJ, Huang MJ, Lin DY, Chang-Chien CS. Clinical and histological events preceding hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic type B hepatitis. Gastroenterology84, 216–219 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw YF, Yang SS, Chen TJ, Chu CM. Acute exacerbation in hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic type B hepatitis. A clinicopathological study. J. Hepatol.1, 227–233 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu CM, Hung SJ, Lin J, Tai DI, Liaw YF. Natural history of hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion in patients with normal serum aminotransferase levels. Am. J. Med.116, 829–834 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoofnagle JH, Dusheiko GM, Seeff LB, Jones EA, Waggoner JG, Bales ZB. Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody in chronic type B hepatitis. Ann. Intern. Med.94, 744–748 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huo TI, Wu JC, Lee PC et al. Sero-clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic carriers does not necessarily imply a good prognosis. Hepatology28, 231–236 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu CM, Liaw YF. Spontaneous relapse of hepatitis in inactive HBsAg carriers. Hepatol. Intl1, 311–315 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lok AS, Liang RH, Chiu EK, Wong KL, Chan TK, Todd D. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy: report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology100, 182–188 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feld JJ, Ayers M, El-Ashry D, Mazzulli T, Tellier R, Heathcote EJ. Hepatitis B virus DNA prediction rules for hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology46, 1057–1070.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chu CM, Liaw YF. Predictive factors for reactivation of hepatitis B following hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology133, 1458–1465 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chu CM, Liaw YF. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection acquired in childhood: special emphasis on prognostic and therapeutic implication of delayed HBeAg seroconversion. J. Viral Hepat.14, 147–152 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CL, Kao JH. Hepatitis B viral factors and clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis B. J. Biomed. Sci.15, 137–145 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang YW, Lin CL, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Kao JH, Chen DS. Higher cut-off index value of immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in Taiwanese patients with hepatitis B. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.21, 859–862 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chevrier MC, St-Louis M, Perreault J et al. Detection and characterization of hepatitis B virus of anti-hepatitis B core antigen-reactive blood donors in Quebec with an in-house nucleic acid testing assay. Transfusion47, 1794–1802 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Chen DS. Occult hepatitis B virus infection and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C. J. Clin. Microbiol.40, 4068–4071 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden DS, Thompson AJ. New developments in HBV molecular diagnostics and quantitative serology. Hepatol. Int.2, S3–S11 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan HL, Wong VW, Tse AM et al. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen quantitation can reflect hepatitis B virus in the liver and predict treatment response. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.5, 1462–1468 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried MW, Piratvisuth T, Lau GK et al. HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA as outcome predictors during therapy with peginterferon -2a for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology47, 428–434 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gish RG, Locarnini SA. Chronic hepatitis B: current testing strategies. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.4, 666–676 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Chen CJ. Predicting liver cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology130, 678–686 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA295, 65–73 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Lin W, Shen F, Iloeje UH, London WT, Evans AA. Past HBV viral load as predictor of mortality and morbidity from HCC and chronic liver disease in a prospective study. Am. J. Gastroenterol.101, 1797–1803 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw YF, Leung N, Guan R et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2005 update. Liver Int.25, 472–489 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao JH. Appropriate use of interferon for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol. Res.37(Suppl. 1), S47–S54 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrillo RP. Therapy of hepatitis B – viral suppression or eradication? Hepatology43(2 Suppl. 1), S182–S193 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooksley G, Lau GKK, Liaw Y-F et al. Effect of genotype and other baseline factors on response to PEG-Interferon a-2a (40 kDa) (Pegasys®) in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: results from a large, randomized study. J. Hepatol.42(Suppl 2), S30 (2005)(Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Yuen MF, Sablon E, Hui CK, Yuan HJ, Decraemer H, Lai CL. Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy. Hepatology34, 785–791 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen MF, Fong DY, Wong DK, Yuen JC, Fung J, Lai CL. Hepatitis B virus DNA levels at week 4 of lamivudine treatment predict the 5-year ideal response. Hepatology46, 1695–1703 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Sancho A, Sheldon J, Soriano V. Telbivudine: a new option for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.7, 751–761 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CJ, Kao JH. Hepatitis B genotype: what should the clinician know? Current Hepatitis Report6, 17–23 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Kao JH. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. Intervirology46, 400–407 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CJ, Kao JH, Chen DS. Therapeutic implications of hepatitis B virus genotypes. Liver Int.25, 1097–107 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston SE, Simonetti JP, Bulkow LR et al. Clearance of hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B and genotypes A, B, C, D, and F. Gastroenterology133, 1452–1457 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu CM, Liaw YF. Genotype C hepatitis B virus infection is associated with a higher risk of reactivation of hepatitis B and progression to cirrhosis than genotype B: a longitudinal study of hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with normal aminotransferase levels at baseline. J. Hepatol.43, 411–417 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao JH. Role of viral factors in the natural course and therapy of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology International1, 415–30 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh SH, Tsai CY, Kao JH et al. Quantification and genotyping of hepatitis B virus in a single reaction by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. J. Hepatol.41, 659–666 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Chen DS. Basal core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers. Gastroenterology124, 327–334 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen BF, Liu CJ, Jow GM, Chen PJ, Kao JH, Chen DS. High prevalence and mapping of pre-S deletion in hepatitis B virus carriers with progressive liver diseases. Gastroenterology130, 1153–1168 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lok AS, Zoulim F, Locarnini S, Bartholomeusz A et al. Hepatitis B Virus Drug Resistance Working Group. Antiviral drug-resistant HBV: standardization of nomenclature and assays and recommendations for management. Hepatology46, 254–265 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau JY, Wright TL. Molecular virology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B. Lancet342, 1335–1340 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werle-Lapostolle B, Bowden S, Locarnini S et al. Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. Gastroenterology126, 1750–1758 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong DK, Yuen MF, Ngai VW, Fung J, Lai CL. One-year entecavir or lamivudine therapy results in reduction of hepatitis B virus intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA levels. Antivir. Ther.11, 909–916 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung JJ, Wong ML, Bowden S et al. Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA can be a predictor of sustained response to therapy. Gastroenterology128, 1890–1897 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan HL, Wong VW, Tse AM et al. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen quantitation can reflect hepatitis B virus in the liver and predict treatment response. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.5, 1462–1468 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeffe EB, Dieterich DT, Han SH, Jacobson IM, Martin P, Schiff ER, Tobias H, Wright TL. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: an update. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.4, 936–962 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman M, Shafran S, Burak K et al. Management of chronic hepatitis B: consensus guidelines. Can. J. Gastroenterol.21(Suppl. C), 5C–24C (2007).
   Google Scholar