References
- O’Neill OM, Johnston BT, Coleman HG. Achalasia: a review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(35):5806-12
- Mayberry JF. Epidemiology and demographics of achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2001;11(2):235-48. v
- Francis DL, Katzka DA. Achalasia: update on the disease and its treatment. Gastroenterology 2010;139(2):369-74
- Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Nealis T, et al. Achalasia: a new clinically relevant classification by high-resolution manometry. Gastroenterology 2008;135(5):1526-33
- Bredenoord AJ, Fox M, Kahrilas PJ, et al. Chicago classification criteria of esophageal motility disorders defined in high resolution esophageal pressure topography. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012;24(Suppl 1):57-65
- Dughera L, Chiaverina M, Cacciotella L, Cisaro F. Management of achalasia. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2011;4:33-41
- Bortolotti M. Medical therapy of achalasia: a benefit reserved for few. Digestion 1999;60(1):11-16
- Wen ZH, Gardener E, Wang YP. Nitrates for achalasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004(1):CD002299
- Sanderson DR, Ellis FH Jr, Olsen AM. Achalasia of the esophagus: results of therapy by dilation, 1950-1967. Chest 1970;58(2):116-21
- Kurlander DJ, Raskin HF, Kirsner JB, Palmer WL. Therapeutic Value of the Pneumatic Dilator in Achalasia of the Esophagus. Long Term Results in Sixty-Two Living Patients. Gastroenterology 1963;45:604-13
- Vangoidsenhoven GE, Vantrappen G, Verbeke S, Vandenbroucke J. Treatment of Achalasia of the Cardia with Pneumatic Dilations. Gastroenterology 1963;45:326-34
- Beck I, Ballem M, Bourne R, Mc KR. [Treatment of functional mega-esophagus (cardiospasm). Induced muscular laceration utilizing the Browne and McHardy pneumatic instrument under fluoroscopic control]. Union Med Can 1960;89:1371-82
- Campos GM, Vittinghoff E, Rabl C, et al. Endoscopic and surgical treatments for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2009;249(1):45-57
- Richter JE, Boeckxstaens GE. Management of achalasia: surgery or pneumatic dilation. Gut 2011;60(6):869-76
- Khan AA, Shah SW, Alam A, et al. Sixteen years follow up of achalasia: a prospective study of graded dilatation using Rigiflex balloon. Dis Esophagus 2005;18(1):41-5
- Schoenberg MB, Marx S, Kersten JF, et al. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy versus endoscopic balloon dilatation for the treatment of achalasia: a network meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2013;258(6):943-52
- Boeckxstaens GE, Annese V, des Varannes SB, et al. Pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy for idiopathic achalasia. N Engl J Med 2011;364(19):1807-16
- Heller E. Extramuköse Kardiaplastik beim chronischen Kardiospasmus mit Dilatation des Ösophagus. Mitt Grenzgeb Med Chir 1914;27:141-9
- Spiess AE, Kahrilas PJ. Treating achalasia: from whalebone to laparoscope. JAMA 1998;280(7):638-42
- Rossetti M. [Esophagocardio-myotomy and fundoplication: a physiological operation in cardiospasm and mega-esophagus]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1963;93:925-31
- Csendes A, Braghetto I, Henriquez A, Cortes C. Late results of a prospective randomised study comparing forceful dilatation and oesophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia. Gut 1989;30(3):299-304
- Shimi S, Nathanson LK, Cuschieri A. Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy for achalasia. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1991;36(3):152-4
- Smith CD, Stival A, Howell DL, Swafford V. Endoscopic therapy for achalasia before Heller myotomy results in worse outcomes than Heller myotomy alone. Ann Surg 2006;243(5):579-84. discussion 584-76
- Kostic S, Kjellin A, Ruth M, et al. Pneumatic dilatation or laparoscopic cardiomyotomy in the management of newly diagnosed idiopathic achalasia. Results of a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg 2007;31(3):470-8
- Glenny AM, Altman DG, Song F, et al. Indirect comparisons of competing interventions. Health Technol Assess 2005;9(26):1-134. iii-iv
- Pratap N, Kalapala R, Darisetty S, et al. Achalasia cardia subtyping by high-resolution manometry predicts the therapeutic outcome of pneumatic balloon dilatation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17(1):48-53
- Rohof WO, Salvador R, Annese V, et al. Outcomes of treatment for achalasia depend on manometric subtype. Gastroenterology 2013;144(4):718-25. quiz e713-714
- Salvador R, Costantini M, Zaninotto G, et al. The preoperative manometric pattern predicts the outcome of surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg 2010;14(11):1635-45
- Pasricha PJ, Ravich WJ, Hendrix TR, et al. Treatment of achalasia with intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin. A pilot trial. Ann Intern Med 1994;121(8):590-1
- Marjoux S, Pioche M, Benet T, et al. Fatal mediastinitis following botulinum toxin injection for esophageal spasm. Endoscopy 2013;45(Suppl 2): UCTN E405-6
- Dughera L, Battaglia E, Maggio D, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of oesophageal achalasia in the old old and oldest old: a 1-year follow-up study. Drugs Aging 2005;22(9):779-83
- Zarate N, Mearin F, Baldovino F, et al. Achalasia treatment in the elderly: is botulinum toxin injection the best option? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14(3):285-90
- Ortega JA, Madureri V, Perez L. Endoscopic myotomy in the treatment of achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc 1980;26(1):8-10
- Pasricha PJ, Hawari R, Ahmed I, et al. Submucosal endoscopic esophageal myotomy: a novel experimental approach for the treatment of achalasia. Endoscopy 2007;39(9):761-4
- Inoue H, Minami H, Kobayashi Y, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia. Endoscopy 2010;42(4):265-71
- Von Renteln D, Fuchs KH, Fockens P, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: an international prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2013;145(2):309-11. e301-303
- Swanstrom LL. Poetry is in the air: first multi-institutional results of the per-oral endoscopic myotomy procedure for achalasia. Gastroenterology 2013;145(2):272-3
- Bhayani NH, Kurian AA, Dunst CM, et al. A Comparative Study on Comprehensive, Objective Outcomes of Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy With Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) for Achalasia. Ann Surg 2013. [Epub ahead to print]
- Bredenoord AJ, Rosch T, Fockens P. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;26(1):3-12
- Karanicolas PJ, Smith SE, Inculet RI, et al. The cost of laparoscopic myotomy versus pneumatic dilatation for esophageal achalasia. Surg Endosc 2007;21(7):1198-206
- Rebecchi F, Giaccone C, Farinella E, et al. Randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication versus Nissen fundoplication for achalasia: long-term results. Ann Surg 2008;248(6):1023-30