308
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Novel insights into the development of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis patients

, , , , , , & show all

References

  • Ogren M, Bergqvist D, Bjorck M, et al. Portal vein thrombosis: prevalence, patient characteristics and lifetime risk: a population study based on 23,796 consecutive autopsies. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:2115-19
  • Rajani R, Bjornsson E, Bergquist A, et al. The epidemiology and clinical features of portal vein thrombosis: a multicentre study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:1154-62
  • Zoller B, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Familial risks of unusual forms of venous thrombosis: a nationwide epidemiological study in Sweden. J Intern Med 2011;270:158-65
  • Almdal TP, Sorensen TI. Incidence of parenchymal liver diseases in Denmark, 1981 to 1985: analysis of hospitalization registry data. The Danish Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology 1991;13:650-5
  • Janssen HL, Wijnhoud A, Haagsma EB, et al. Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival. Gut 2001;49:720-4
  • Khayyat YM. Survival of patients with portal vein thrombosis: analysis based on disease onset. Hepatogastroenterol 2013;60:65-9
  • Lertpipopmetha K, Auewarakul CU. High incidence of hepatitis B infection-associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Southeast Asian patients with portal vein thrombosis. BMC Gastroenterol 2011;11:66
  • Swallow G, Pavord S. Portal vein thrombosis - experience in a single centre. Br J Haematol 2012;159:482-4
  • Fimognari FL, Violi F. Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis. Intern Emerg Med 2008;3:213-18
  • Qi X, Han G, Fan D. Management of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;11:435-46
  • Qi X, Dai J, Yang M, et al. Association between portal vein thrombosis and survival in non-liver-transplant patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review of the literature. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015;2015:480842
  • Qi X, Dai J, Jia J, et al. Association between portal vein thrombosis and survival of liver transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2015;24:51-9
  • Qi X, Su C, Ren W, et al. Association between portal vein thrombosis and risk of bleeding in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Zang LN, Sun ZQ, Li WB, Liu XF. [Meta-analysis of risk factors of gastroesophageal varices rebleeding after therapeutic endoscopy]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2015;23:275-80
  • Nery F, Chevret S, Condat B, et al. Causes and consequences of portal vein thrombosis in 1,243 patients with cirrhosis: Results of a longitudinal study. Hepatology 2015;61:660-7
  • Berry K, Taylor J, Liou IW, Ioannou GN. Portal vein thrombosis is not associated with increased mortality among patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:585-93
  • Rodriguez-Castro KI, Porte RJ, Nadal E, et al. Management of nonneoplastic portal vein thrombosis in the setting of liver transplantation: a systematic review. Transplantation 2012;94:1145-53
  • Qi X, Bai M, Yang Z, et al. Occlusive portal vein thrombosis as a new marker of decompensated cirrhosis. Med Hypotheses 2011;76:522-6
  • Qi X, Yang Z, Fan D. Spontaneous resolution of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: where do we stand, and where will we go? Saudi J Gastroenterol 2014;20:265-6
  • Englesbe MJ, Schaubel DE, Cai S, et al. Portal vein thrombosis and liver transplant survival benefit. Liver Transpl 2010;16:999-1005
  • Ghabril M, Agarwal S, Lacerda M, et al. Portal Vein Thrombosis Is a Risk Factor for Poor Early Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: Analysis of Risk Factors and Outcomes for Portal Vein Thrombosis in Waitlisted Patients. Transplantation 2015
  • Tripathi D, Stanley AJ, Hayes PC, et al. UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Gut 2015. [Epub ahead of print]
  • de Franchis R. EXPANDING CONSENSUS IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2015. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Qi XS, Bao YX, Bai M, et al. Nonselective beta-blockers in cirrhotic patients with no or small varices: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:3100-8
  • Zironi G, Gaiani S, Fenyves D, et al. Value of measurement of mean portal flow velocity by Doppler flowmetry in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. J Hepatol 1992;16:298-303
  • Lutz HH, Gassler N, Tischendorf FW, et al. Doppler ultrasound of hepatic blood flow for noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis compared with liver biopsy and transient elastography. Dig Dis Sci 2012;57:2222-30
  • Zocco MA, Di Stasio E, De Cristofaro R, et al. Thrombotic risk factors in patients with liver cirrhosis: correlation with MELD scoring system and portal vein thrombosis development. J Hepatol 2009;51:682-9
  • Abdel-Razik A, Mousa N, Elhelaly R, Tawfik A. De-novo portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis: risk factors and correlation with the Model for End-stage Liver Disease scoring system. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;27:585-92
  • Maruyama H, Okugawa H, Takahashi M, Yokosuka O. De novo portal vein thrombosis in virus-related cirrhosis: predictive factors and long-term outcomes. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:568-74
  • Villa E, Camma C, Marietta M, et al. Enoxaparin prevents portal vein thrombosis and liver decompensation in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2012;143:1253-60
  • Zhan XL, Ji Y, Wang YD. Laparoscopic splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:5794-800
  • Cheng LF, Jia JD, Xu XY, et al. Esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension: consensus on prevention and management (2008). Chin Med J (Engl) 2009;122:766-75
  • Fei Y, Zong GQ, Chen J, Liu RM. Evaluation of the Value of d-Dimer, P-Selectin, and Platelet Count for Prediction of Portal Vein Thrombosis After Devascularization. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2015. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Kakinoki K, Okano K, Suto H, et al. Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Surg Today 2013;43:883-8
  • Kinjo N, Kawanaka H, Akahoshi T, et al. Risk factors for portal venous thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Br J Surg 2010;97:910-16
  • He S, He F. Predictive model of portal venous system thrombosis in cirrhotic portal hypertensive patients after splenectomy. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8:4236-42
  • Li MX, Zhang XF, Liu ZW, Lv Y. Risk factors and clinical characteristics of portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013;12:512-19
  • Liu LJ, Kuang YJ, Yu W, Zhang NP. Thrombogenesis and its treatment in portal system after devascularization. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2015;27:96-7
  • Han J, Yi Y, Ding H, et al. Preoperative risk factors of portal venous thrombosis after splenectomy and gastric pericardial devascularization for portal hypertension. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2014;22:739-43
  • Zhang Y, Wen TF, Chen ZY, et al. Portal vein flow rate used as a early predictor of portal vein thrombosis after periesophagastric devascularization. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2009;47:825-8
  • Zhang Y, Wen TF, Yan LN, et al. Preoperative predictors of portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy with periesophagogastric devascularization. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:1834-9
  • Zhe C, Jian-wei L, Jian C, et al. Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization for bleeding varices or severe hypersplenism: a comparative study. J Gastrointest Surg 2013;17:654-9
  • Qi X, Bai M, Guo X, Fan D. Pharmacologic prophylaxis of portal venous system thrombosis after splenectomy: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014;2014:292689
  • Kawanaka H, Akahoshi T, Kinjo N, et al. Impact of antithrombin III concentrates on portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism. Ann Surg 2010;251:76-83
  • Kawanaka H, Akahoshi T, Itoh S, et al. Optimizing risk stratification in portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy and its primary prophylaxis with antithrombin III concentrates and danaparoid sodium in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. J Am Coll Surg 2014;219:865-74
  • Lai W, Lu SC, Li GY, et al. Anticoagulation therapy prevents portal-splenic vein thrombosis after splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:3443-50
  • Cheng Z, Yu F, Tian J, et al. A comparative study of two anti-coagulation plans on the prevention of PVST after laparoscopic splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Xue H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Jiang Q. Portal anticoagulation in preventing thrombosis after porta-azygous devascularization for portal hypertension. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000;38:855-7
  • Yang S, He C, Fan X, et al. Early Prophylactic Anticoagulation via Transjugular Intrahepatic Route for Portal Vein Thrombosis after Splenectomy in Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015;26:1009-17
  • Ni YB, Gao PJ, Wang D, et al. Esophagogastric devascularization without splenectomy in portal hypertension: safe and effective? Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015;14:276-80
  • Buell JF, Funaki B, Cronin DC, et al. Long-term venous complications after full-size and segmental pediatric liver transplantation. Ann Surg 2002;236:658-66
  • Jia YP, Lu Q, Gong S, et al. Postoperative complications in patients with portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation: evaluation with Doppler ultrasonography. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:4636-40
  • Kyoden Y, Tamura S, Sugawara Y, et al. Portal vein complications after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2008;21:1136-44
  • Ueda M, Oike F, Kasahara M, et al. Portal vein complications in pediatric living donor liver transplantation using left-side grafts. Am J Transplant 2008;8:2097-105
  • You S, He XS, Hu AB, et al. The analysis of portal vein thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2008;46:176-8
  • Perkins JD. Incidence of portal vein complications following liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2008;14:1813-15
  • Terada T, Nakanuma Y, Yonejima M, et al. Portal, mesenteric, and splenic venous thrombosis after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 1990;12:238-9
  • Korula J, Yellin A, Kanel GC, Nichols P. Portal vein thrombosis complicating endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Convincing further evidence. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36:1164-7
  • Marquez-Galisteo C, Giraldez-Gallego A, Nacarino-Mejias V, et al. Portal vein thrombosis following endoscopic treatment for gastric varices with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate: Management with TIPS. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2015;107:246-7
  • Bengmark S, Borjesson B, Hoevels J, et al. Obliteration of esophageal varices by PTP: a follow-up of 43 patients. Ann Surg 1979;190:549-54
  • Hou MC, Lin HC, Lee HS, et al. A randomized trial of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for acute gastric variceal bleeding: 0.5 mL versus 1.0 mL. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;70:668-75
  • Szczepanik AB, Proniewski J, Huszcza S. Portal venous system after endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis–prospective study with Doppler sonography. Hepatogastroenterology 2005;52:1448-51
  • Politoske D, Ralls P, Korula J. Portal vein thrombosis following endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Prospective controlled comparison in patients with cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 1996;41:185-90
  • Hunter GC, Steinkirchner T, Burbige EJ, et al. Venous complications of sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Am J Surg 1988;156:497-501
  • Leach SD, Meier GH, Gusberg RJ. Endoscopic sclerotherapy: a risk factor for splanchnic venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 1989;10:9-12; discussion-3.
  • Qi X, Ren W, Guo X, Fan D. Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in patients with liver diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intern Emerg Med 2015;10:205-17
  • Tripodi A, Mannucci PM. The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 2011;365:147-56
  • Tripodi A, Primignani M, Chantarangkul V, et al. An imbalance of pro- vs anti-coagulation factors in plasma from patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2009;137:2105-11
  • Qi X, Chen H, Han G. Effect of antithrombin, protein C and protein S on portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci 2013;346:38-44
  • Chen H, Qi X, He C, et al. Coagulation imbalance may not contribute to the development of portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis. Thromb Res 2013;131:173-7
  • Tang W, Wang Y, Zhao X, et al. Procoagulant imbalance aggravated with falling liver function reserve, but not associated with the presence of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;27:672-8
  • Leebeek FW, Rijken DC. The Fibrinolytic Status in Liver Diseases. Semin Thromb Hemost 2015;41:474-80
  • Rossetto V, Spiezia L, Senzolo M, et al. Does decreased fibrinolysis have a role to play in the development of non-neoplastic portal vein thrombosis in patients with hepatic cirrhosis? Intern Emerg Med 2014;9:397-403
  • Dai J, Qi X, Li H, Guo X. Role of D-dimer in the Development of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2015;21:165-74
  • Bertina RM, Koeleman BP, Koster T, et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994;369:64-7
  • Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM. A common genetic variation in the 3’-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996;88:3698-703
  • Segal JB, Brotman DJ, Necochea AJ, et al. Predictive value of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A in adults with venous thromboembolism and in family members of those with a mutation: a systematic review. JAMA 2009;301:2472-85
  • Erkan O, Bozdayi AM, Disibeyaz S, et al. Thrombophilic gene mutations in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;17:339-43
  • Mangia A, Villani MR, Cappucci G, et al. Causes of portal venous thrombosis in cirrhotic patients: the role of genetic and acquired factors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;17:745-51
  • Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Brancaccio V, et al. Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2004;40:736-41
  • Qi X, Ren W, De Stefano V, Fan D. Associations of coagulation factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;12:1801-12 e7.
  • De Stefano V, Chiusolo P, Paciaroni K, Leone G. Epidemiology of factor V Leiden: clinical implications. Semin Thromb Hemost 1998;24:367-79
  • Qi X, De Stefano V, Su C, et al. Associations of antiphospholipid antibodies with splanchnic vein thrombosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94:e496
  • Oksuzoglu G, Bayraktar Y, Arslan S, et al. Portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotics: related with anticardiolipin antibodies? Hepatogastroenterology 2003;50:1527-30
  • Romero Gomez M, Suarez Garcia E, Lopez Lacomba D, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies are related to portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000;31:237-40
  • Amitrano L, Ames PR, Guardascione MA, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome: role in portal vein thrombosis in patients with and without liver cirrhosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2011;17:367-70
  • Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, et al. A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet 1995;10:111-13
  • Clarke R, Daly L, Robinson K, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: an independent risk factor for vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1149-55
  • Qi X, Yang Z, De Stefano V, Fan D. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene mutation and hyperhomocysteinemia in Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Hepatol Res 2014;44:E480-98
  • Gabr MA, Bessa SS, El-Zamarani EA. Portal vein thrombosis in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis: Role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene mutation. Hepatol Res 2010;40:486-93
  • Pellicelli AM, D’Ambrosio C, Barbaro G, et al. Clinical and genetic factors associated to development of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients without hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2011;54:S77
  • Plessier A, Darwish-Murad S, Hernandez-Guerra M, et al. Acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to cirrhosis: a prospective multicenter follow-up study. Hepatology 2010;51:210-18
  • Qi X, Wu F, He C, et al. Thrombotic risk factors in Chinese nonmalignant and noncirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis: an observational study with a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;27:77-83
  • Xavier SG, Gadelha T, Pimenta G, et al. JAK2V617F mutation in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis. Dig Dis Sci 2010;55:1770-7
  • Colaizzo D, Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, et al. Janus kinase-2 mutation, cirrhosis and splanchnic vein thrombosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:245-6
  • Qi X, Yang Z, Bai M, et al. Meta-analysis: the significance of screening for JAK2V617F mutation in Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal venous system thrombosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:1087-103
  • Qi X, Zhang C, Han G, et al. Prevalence of the JAK2V617F mutation in Chinese patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;27:1036-43
  • Terrault NA, Hassanein T, Howell CD, et al. Phase II study of avatrombopag in thrombocytopenic patients with cirrhosis undergoing an elective procedure. J Hepatol 2014;61:1253-9
  • Afdhal NH, Dusheiko GM, Giannini EG, et al. Eltrombopag increases platelet numbers in thrombocytopenic patients with HCV infection and cirrhosis, allowing for effective antiviral therapy. Gastroenterology 2014;146:442-52 e1.
  • McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, Shiffman ML, et al. Eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2227-36
  • Afdhal NH, Giannini EG, Tayyab G, et al. Eltrombopag before procedures in patients with cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2012;367:716-24
  • Qi X, De Stefano V, Guo X, Fan D. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists significantly increase the risk of portal vein thrombosis in liver diseases: Meta-analysis of RCTs. Thromb Haemost 2015;113:1378-80
  • Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J. Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:823-32
  • Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey W. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007;46:922-38
  • Qi XS, Bai M, Fan DM. Nonselective beta-blockers may induce development of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:11463-6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.