Pathogenic link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and squamous cell lung cancer

References

• Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA. Cancer J. Clin.55(2), 74–108 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Zaken O, Cohen S, Parè D et al. The growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in women: examining sex differences in cigarette smoke metabolism. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.176(2), 113–120 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mannino DM, Aguayo SM, Petty TL et al. Low lung function and incident lung cancer in the United States: data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey follow-up. Arch. Intern. Med.163(12), 1475–1480 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthonisen NR, Skeans MA, Wise RA et al. The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial. Ann. Intern. Med.142(4), 233–239 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra S, Lam S, Man SF et al. The relationship between stage 1 and 2 non-small cell lung cancer and lung function in men and women. BMC Pulm. Med.6(2), 1–6 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Papi A, Casoni G, Caramori G et al. COPD increases the risk of squamous histological subtype in smokers who develop non-small-cell lung cancer. Thorax59(8), 679–681 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen-Heijnen ML, Coebergh JW. Trends in incidence and prognosis of the histological subtypes of lung cancer in North America, Australia, New Zealand and Europe. Lung Cancer31(2–3), 123–137 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carney DN. Lung cancer – time to move on from chemotherapy. N. Engl. J. Med.346(2), 126–128 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JJ, Smith KR. Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in china: measurements, health impacts, and interventions. Environ. Health Perspect.115(6), 848–855 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner MC, Chen Y, Krewski D et al. COPD associated with lung cancer mortality in a prospective study of never smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.176(3), 285–290 (2007)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach O, Hammond EC, Garfinkel L. Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to cigarette smoking, 1955–1960 vs. 1970–1977. N. Engl. J. Med.300(24), 381–385 (1979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giangreco A, Groot KR, Janes SM. Lung cancer and lung stem cells: strange bedfellows? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.175(6), 547–553 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato A, Shames DS, Gazdar AF et al. A translational view of the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol.2(4), 327–343 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal RA, Martonen TB, Kim CS et al. Computer simulations of particle deposition in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Inhal. Toxicol.14(7), 705–720 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JY, Wang Y, Prakash C. Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in human lung. Curr. Drug Metab.7(8), 939–948 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caramori G, Adcock IM. Gene–environment interactions in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.6(5), 323–338 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Popanda O, Edler L, Waas P et al. Elevated risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung in heavy smokers carrying the variant alleles of the TP53 Arg72Pro and p21 Ser31Arg polymorphisms. Lung Cancer55(1), 25–34 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YL, Chen W, Tsai WK et al. Polymorphisms of p53 and p21 genes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Lab. Clin. Med.147(5), 228–233 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ. Alveolar macrophages as orchestrators of COPD. COPD1(1), 59–70 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tomita K, Caramori G, Lim S et al. Increased p21CIP1/WAF1 and bcl-xL expression and reduced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages from smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.166(3), 724–731 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balkwill F, Mantovani A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet357(9255), 539–545 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballaz S, Mulshine JL. The potential contributions of chronic inflammation to lung carcinogenesis. Clin. Lung Cancer5(1), 46–62 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Stefano A, Caramori G, Oates T et al. Increased expression of NF-κB in bronchial biopsies from smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eur. Resp. J.20(3), 556–563 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caramori G, Adcock IM, Ito K. Anti-inflammatory inhibitors of IκB kinase in asthma and COPD. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs5(11), 1141–1147 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tang X, Liu D, Shishodia S et al. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is frequently expressed in lung cancer and preneoplastic lesions. Cancer107(11), 2637–2646 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greten FR, Karin M. The IKK/NF-κB activation pathway-a target for prevention and treatment of cancer. Cancer Lett.206(2), 193–199 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denlinger CE, Keller MD, Mayo MW et al. Combined proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.127(4), 1078–1086 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundall BK, Denlinger CE, Jones DR. Combined histone deacetylase and NF-κB inhibition sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to cell death. Surgery136(2), 416–425 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlisle DL, Liu X, Hopkins TM et al. Nicotine activates cell-signaling pathways through muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. (2006) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Tsurutani J, Castillo SS, Brognard J et al. Tobacco components stimulate Akt-dependent proliferation and NFκB-dependent survival in lung cancer cells. Carcinogenesis26(7), 1182–1195 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman J, Ritzenthaler JD, Gil-Acosta A et al. Nicotine and fibronectin expression in lung fibroblasts: implications for tobacco-related lung tissue remodeling. FASEB J.18(12), 1436–1438 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racke K, Matthiesen S. The airway cholinergic system: physiology and pharmacology. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther.17(4), 181–198 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song P, Sekhon HS, Proskocil B et al. Synthesis of acetylcholine by lung cancer. Life Sci.72(18–19), 2159–2168 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieper MP, Chaudhary NI, Park JE. Acetylcholine-induced proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in vitro is inhibited by tiotropium bromide. Life Sci.80(24–25), 2270–2273 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Moreno P, Nieto-Ceron S, Torres-Lanzas J et al. Cholinesterase activity of human lung tumours varies according to their histological classification. Carcinogenesis27(3), 429–436 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psarras S, Caramori G, Contoli M et al. Oxidants in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Curr. Pharm. Des.11(6), 2053–2062 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Unsal-Kacmaz K et al. Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints. Annu. Rev. Biochem.73, 39–85 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody JS, Spira A. State of the art. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammation, and lung cancer. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc.3(6), 535–537 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Popanda O, Schattenberg T, Phong T et al. Specific combinations of DNA repair gene variants and increased risk for non-small cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis25(12), 2433–2441 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierrou S, Broberg P, O’Donnell RA et al. Expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses in airway epithelial cells of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.175(6), 577–586 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukumoto S, Yamauchi N, Moriguchi H et al. Overexpression of the aldo–keto reductase family protein AKR1B10 is highly correlated with smokers’ non-small cell lung carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res.11(5), 1776–1785 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramalingam S, Belani CP. Recent advances in targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets11(2), 245–257 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar