Alcohol abuse and acute lung injury: can we target therapy?

References

• Lieber CS. Medical disorders of alcoholism. N. Engl. J. Med.333, 1058–1065 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, Moore EE, Parsons PE. The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. JAMA275(1), 50–54 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL et al. Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet12(2), 319–323 (1967).
   Google Scholar
• Ware LB, Matthay MA. The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med.342(18), 1334–1349 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL et al. The American–European consensus conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.149, 818–824 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brun-Buisson C, Minelli C, Bertolini G et al. Epidemiology and outcome of acute lung injury in European intensive care units. Results from the ALIVE study. Intensive Care Med.30(1), 51–61 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roupie E, Lepage E, Wysocki M et al. Prevalence, etiologies and outcome of the acute respiratory distress syndrome among hypoxemic ventilated patients. SRLF Collaborative Group on Mechanical Ventilation. Societe de Reanimation de Langue Francaise. Intensive Care Med.25(9), 920–929 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zaccardelli DS, Pattishall EN. Clinical diagnostic criteria of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in the intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med.24(2), 247–251 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Baumann WR, Jung RC, Koss M et al. Incidence and mortality of adult respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective analysis from a large metropolitan hospital. Crit. Care Med.14, 1–4 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell E, Peabody E et al. Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury. N. Engl. J. Med.353, 1685–1693 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin GS, Bernard GR. Airway and lung dysfunction in sepsis. Intensive Care Med.27(Suppl. 1), S63–S79 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The ARDS Network. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N. Engl. J. Med.354, 2564–2575 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The ARDS Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med.342, 1301–1308 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss M, Parsons PE, Steinberg KP et al. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with an increased incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome and severity of multiple organ dysfunction in patients with septic shock. Crit. Care Med.31(3), 869–877 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licker M, de Perrot M, Spiliopoulos A et al. Risk factors for acute lung injury after thoracic surgery for lung cancer. Anesth. Analg.97(6), 1558–1565 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Sola J, Junque A, Estruch R, Monforte R, Torres A, Urbano-Marquez A. High alcohol intake as a risk and prognostic factor for community-acquired pneumonia. Arch. Intern. Med.155(15), 1649–1654 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jong G-M, Hsiue T-R, Chen C-R, Chang H-Y, Chen C-W. Rapidly fatal outcome of bacteremic Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in alcoholics. Chest107(1), 214–217 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Perlino CA, Rimland D. Alcoholism, leukopenia, and pneumococcal sepsis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.132(4), 757–760 (1985).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jurkovich GJ, Rivara FP, Gurney JG et al. The effect of acute alcohol intoxication and chronic alcohol abuse on outcome from trauma. JAMA270(1), 51–56 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivara FP, Gurney JG, Ries RK, Seguin DA, Copass MK Jurkovich GJ. A descriptive study of trauma, alcohol, and alcoholism in young adults. J. Adolesc. Health13(8), 663–667 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivara FP, Jurkovich GJ, Gurney JG et al. The magnitude of acute and chronic alcohol abuse in trauma patients. Arch. Surg.128(8), 907–912 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Heyman C, Langenkamp J, Dubisz N et al. Posttraumatic immune modulation in chronic alcoholics is associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. J. Trauma52, 95–103 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Bochicchio GV, Joshi M, Bochicchio K, Tracy K, Scalea TM. A time-dependent analysis of intensive care unit pneumonia in trauma patients. J. Trauma56, 296–303 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bernard GR. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a historical perspective. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.172, 798–806 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esper AM, Martin GS. Evolution of treatments for patients with acute lung injury. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs14, 633–645 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt JE, Matthay MA. Treatment of acute lung injury: historical perspective and potential future therapies. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med.27(4), 426–438 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holguin F, Moss IM, Brown LS, Guidot DM. Chronic ethanol ingestion impairs alveolar type II cell glutathione homeostasis and function and predisposes to endotoxin-mediated acute edematous lung injury in rats. J. Clin. Invest.101, 761–768 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown LAS, Harris FL, Guidot DM. Chronic ethanol ingestion potentiates TNF-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat alveolar type II cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.281, L377–L386 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown LAS, Harris FL, Bechara R, Guidot DM. Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on alveolar type II cell glutathione and inflammatory mediator-induced apoptosis. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res.25(7), 1078–1085 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidot DM, Brown LAS. Mitochondrial glutathione replacement restores surfactant synthesis and secretion in alveolar epithelial cells of ethanol-fed rats. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res.24(7), 1070–1076 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidot DM, Modelska K, Lois M et al. Ethanol ingestion via glutathione depletion impairs alveolar epithelial barrier function in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.279, L127–L135 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber CS. Biochemical factors in alcoholic liver disease. Semin. Liver Dis.13(2), 136–153 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewell SA, Di-Monte D, Gentile A, Guglielmi A, Altomare E, Albano O. Decreased hepatic glutathione in chronic alcoholic patients. J. Hepatol.3(1), 1–6 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia-Ruiz C, Morales A, Colell A et al. Feeding S-adenosyl-L-methionine attenuates both ethanol-induced depletion of mitochondrial glutathione and mitochondrial dysfunction in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. Hepatology21(1), 207–214 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lois M, Brown LAS, Moss M, Roman J, Guidot DM. Ethanol ingestion increases activation of matrix metalloproteinases in rat lungs during acute endotoxemia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.160, 1354–1360 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Velasquez A, Bechara R, Lewis JF et al. Glutathione replacement preserves the functional surfactant phospholipid pool size and decreases sepsis-mediated lung dysfunction in ethanol-fed rats. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res.26(8), 1245–1251 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Moss M, Guidot DM, Wong-Lambertina M, Ten Hoor T, Perez RL, Brown LAS. The effects of chronic alcohol abuse on pulmonary glutathione homeostasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.161, 414–419 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Wright JW, Morseth SL, Abhold RH, Harding JW. Elevations in plasma angiotensin II with prolonged ethanol treatment in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.24, 813–818 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigle DA, Pang SC, Radakovic NN et al. Chronic ethanol ingestion modifies the renin–aldosterone axis independent of alterations in the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res.17(4), 841–846 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Thevananther S, Brecher AS. Interactions of acetaldehyde with plasma proteins of the renin–angiotensin system. Alcohol11(6), 493–499 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Polikandriotis JA, Rupnow HL, Elms SC et al. Chronic ethanol ingestion increases superoxide production and NADPH oxidase expression in the lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol.34(3), 314–319 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Bechara RI, Pelaez A, Palacio A et al. Angiotensin II mediates glutathione depletion, transforming growth factor β1 expression, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in the alcoholic rat lung. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.289(3), L363–L370 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Huffman JA, Hull WM, Dranoff G, Mulligan RC, Whitsett JA. Pulmonary epithelial cell expression of GM-CSF corrects the alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice. J. Clin. Invest.97(3), 649–655 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelaez A, Bechara RI, Joshi PC, Brown LAS, Guidot DM. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment improves alveolar epithelial barrier function in alcoholic rat lung. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.286, L106–L111 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi PC, Applewhite L, Mitchell PO et al. GM-CSF receptor expression and signaling is decreased in lungs of ethanol-fed rats. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.291(6), L1150–L1158 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Joshi PC, Applewhite L, Ritzenthaler JD et al. Chronic ethanol ingestion in rats decreases granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor expression and downstream signaling in the alveolar macrophage. J. Immunol.175, 6837–6845 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Kalivas PW, Volkow ND. The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. Am. J. Psychiatry162(8), 1403–1413 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker JA, Vuchinich RE. Creating a research context for reducing risk and obtaining informed consent in human alcohol studies. Psychol. Addict. Behav.14(4), 319–327 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health Education and Welfare, Washington DC, USA (1979).
   Google Scholar
• McCrady BS, Bux DA Jr. Ethical issues in informed consent with substance abusers. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol.67(2), 186–193 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt WM, Davidson D. Does participation in an alcohol administration study increase risk for excessive drinking? Alcohol37(3), 135–141 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertholet N, Daeppen J-B, Weitlisbach V, Fleming M, Burnand B. Reduction of alcohol consumption by brief alcohol intervention in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Intern. Med.165(9), 986–995 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIAAA. Helping Patients who Drink Too Much: A Clinician’s Guide. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, MD, USA 1–33 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Hemmila MR, Napolitano LM. Severe respiratory failure: advanced treatment options. Crit. Care Med.34, S278–S290 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Adhikari N, Burns KE, Meade MO. Pharmacologic therapies for adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.18, CD004477 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB et al; for the the ARDS Clinical Trials Network. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med.354, 1671–1684 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meduri GU, Headley AS, Golden E et al. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA280, 159–165 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The ARDS Network. Ketoconazole for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA283, 1995–2002 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The ARDS Network Investigators. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lisofylline for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care Med.30, 1–6 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerin C, Gaillard S, Lemasson S et al. Effects of systematic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA292, 2379–2387 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen CW, van Well GT, Sherry T et al. High frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Crit. Care Med.9(4), R430–R439 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Derdak S, Mehta S, Stewart TE et al. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: a randomized, controlled trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.166, 801–808 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The ARDS Network. Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med.351, 327–336 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The ARDS Network. Effects of recruitment maneuvers in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilated with high positive end-expiratory pressure. Crit. Care Med.31(11), 2592–2597 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar