References
- Papers of special note have been highlighted as:
- • of interest
- •• of considerable interest
- Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Garvey C, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(8):e13–e64.
•• Excellent review and update of pulmonary rehabilitation discussed in the concepts of patient management strategies and clinical outcomes.
- Desveaux L, Ferreira TJ, Goldstein R, et al. An international comparison of pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review. COPD. 2014;12(2):144–153.
• This systematic review characterized the international provision of pulmonary rehabilitation and compared its structure.
- Andrianopoulos V, Klijn P, Franssen FME, et al. Exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation. Clin Chest Med. 2014;35:313–322.
- Santus P, Bassi L, Radovanovic D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a reappraisal (2008–2012). Pulm Med. 2013 [cited 2013 Jan 9]. DOI:10.1155/2013/374283.
- Troosters T, Hornikx M, Demeyer H, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation: timing, location, and duration. Clin Chest Med. 2014;35:303–311.
- Arnardottir RH, Sörensen S, Ringqvist I, et al. Two different training programs for patients with COPD: a randomised study with 1-year follow-up. Respir Med. 2006;100:130–139.
- Dourado VZ, Tanni SE, Antunes LCO, et al. Effect of three exercise programs on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2009;42:263–271.
- Puhan MA, Schols AM, Baerends EM, et al. How should COPD patients exercise during respiratory rehabilitation? Comparison of exercise modalities and intensities to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction. Thorax. 2005;60:367–375.
- Bolton CE, Bevan-Smith EF, Blakey JD, et al. British Thoracic Society Pulmonary Rehabilitation Guideline Development Group; British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee: British Thoracic Society guideline on pulmonary rehabilitation in adults: accredited by NICE. Thorax. 2013;68(Suppl 2):ii1–ii30.
- Gloeckl R, Marinov B, Pitta F. Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD. Eur Respir Rev. 2013;22:178–186.
- Clark CJ, Cochrane L, Mackay E. Low intensity peripheral muscle conditioning improves exercise tolerance and breathlessness in COPD. Eur Respir J. 1996;9:2590–2596.
- Greulich T, Kehr K, Nell C, et al. A randomized clinical trial to assess the influence of a three months training program (Gym-based individualized vs. Calisthenics-based non-individualized) in COPD-patients. Respir Res. 2014;15:36.
• In this study authors compared the efficacy of different training approaches and intensities in stable COPD patients in a randomized way. They concluded that a low frequency outpatient training program (calisthenics) may induce modest improvements in exercise capacity and muscle mass only if it is performed on an individualized basis.
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Pocket Guide to COPD diagnosis, management and prevention [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 May 10]. Available from: http://www.goldcopd.org/uploads/users/files/GOLD_Pocket_2015_Feb18.pdf
- Polatlı M, Yorgancıoğlu A, Aydemir Ö, et al. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of St. George’s respiratory questionnaire. Tuberk Toraks. 2013;61:81–87.
- Jones PW, Quirk FH, Baveystock CM. The St Georges respiratory questionnaire. Respir Med. 1991;85:25–31.
- ATS/ERS Task Force. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:153–161.
- American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:518–624.
- Palange P, Ward SA, Carlsen KH, et al. Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2009;29:185–209.
- American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians. ATS/ACCP statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:211–277.
- Mahler DA, Criner GJ. Assessment tools for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Do newer metrics allow for disease modification? Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007;4:507–511.
- Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1999;54:581–586.
- Troosters T, Gosselink R, Decramer M. Six minute walking distance in healthy elderly subjects. Eur Respir J. 1999;14:270–274.
- Rikli RE, Jones JC. Senior fitness test manual. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2001.
- Rikli RE, Jones CJ. Development and validation of a functional fitness test for community-residing older adults. J Aging Phys Activ. 1999;7:129–159.
- Armutlu K, Keser I, Korkmaz N, et al. Psychometric study of Turkish version of Fatigue Impact Scale in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci. 2007;255:64–68.
- Armutlu K, Korkmaz NC, Keser I, et al. The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Rehabil Res. 2007;30:81–85.
- Aydemir Ö. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1997;8:280–287.
- Puhan MA, Frey M, Büchi S, et al. The minimal important difference of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008;6:46.
- Borg G. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14:377–381.
- Field A. Discovering statistics using SPSS. 2nd ed. London: Sage; 2005.
- Nici L, ZuWallack RL. Pulmonary rehabilitation: definition, concept, and history. Clin Chest Med. 2014;35:279–282.
- Troosters T, Gosselink R, Janssens W, et al. Exercise training and pulmonary rehabilitation: new insights and remaining challenges. Eur Respir Rev. 2010;19:24–29.
- Bauman HJ, Kluge S, Rummel K, et al. Low intensity, long term outpatients’ rehabilitation in COPD: a randomised controlled trail. Respir Res. 2012;13:86.
- Probst VS, Kovelis D, Hernandes N, et al. Effects of 2 exercise training programs on physical activity in daily life in patients with COPD. Respir Care. 2011;56:1799–1807.
• This interesting study shows that a high-intensity whole-body endurance-and-strength program, and a low-intensity calisthenics-and-breathing-exercises program similarly improved quality of life and functional status. Exercise capacity and muscle force significantly improved only in the high-intensity endurance-and-strength group.
- Normandin EA, McCusker C, Connors M, et al. An evaluation of two approaches to exercise conditioning in pulmonary rehabilitation. Chest. 2002;121:1085–1091.
- Ries AL, Bauldoff GS, Carlin BW, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation: joint ACCP/AACVPR evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2007;131(5 Suppl):4S–42S.
- Casaburi R, ZuWallack R. Pulmonary rehabilitation for management of chronic obstructive disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1329–1335.
- Maltais F, Decramer M, Casaburi R, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 May 1;189(9):e15–e62.
- Spruit MA, Gosselink R, Troosters T, et al. Resistance versus endurance training in patients with COPD and peripheral muscle weakness. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:1072–1078.