311
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Pharmacological strategies for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation

, , , , &

References

  • Mathew JP, Fontes ML, Tudor IC, et al. A multicenter risk index for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. JAMA 2004;291(14):1720-9
  • El-Chami MF, Kilgo P, Thourani V, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation predicts long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass graft. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55(13):1370-6
  • Mariscalco G, Engstrom KG. Postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with late mortality after coronary surgery, but not after valvular surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88(6):1871-6
  • Ahlsson A, Fengsrud E, Bodin L, Englund A. Postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery carries an eightfold risk of future atrial fibrillation and a doubled cardiovascular mortality. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37(6):1353-9
  • Shen J, Lall S, Zheng V, et al. The persistent problem of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation: a single-institution experience over two decades. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141(2):559-70
  • Echahidi N, Pibarot P, O’Hara G, Mathieu P. Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51(8):793-801
  • Villareal RP, Hariharan R, Liu BC, et al. Postoperative atrial fibrillation and mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(5):742-8
  • Maesen B, Nijs J, Maessen J, et al. Post-operative atrial fibrillation: a maze of mechanisms. Europace 2012;14(2):159-74
  • Voigt N, Heijman J, Wang Q, et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of atrial arrhythmogenesis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2014;129(2):145-56
  • Jacob KA, Nathoe HM, Dieleman JM, et al. Inflammation in new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 2014;44(4):402-28
  • Amar D, Zhang H, Miodownik S, Kadish AH. Competing autonomic mechanisms precede the onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42(7):1262-8
  • Ishii Y, Schuessler RB, Gaynor SL, et al. Inflammation of atrium after cardiac surgery is associated with inhomogeneity of atrial conduction and atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2005;111(22):2881-8
  • Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014;129(3):e28-e292
  • Heijman J, Voigt N, Nattel S, Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression. Circ Res 2014;114(9):1483-99
  • Hakala T, Hedman A, Turpeinen A, et al. Prediction of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting by measuring atrial peptide levels and preoperative atrial dimensions. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;22(6):939-43
  • Schnabel RB, Sullivan LM, Levy D, et al. Development of a risk score for atrial fibrillation (Framingham Heart Study): a community-based cohort study. Lancet 2009;373(9665):739-45
  • Turagam MK, Mahek M, Werner PH, et al. Circulating biomarkers predictive of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Rev 2015; In Press
  • Bruins P, Te Velthuis H, Yazdanbakhsh AP, et al. Activation of the complement system during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: postsurgery activation involves C-reactive protein and is associated with postoperative arrhythmia. Circulation 1997;96(10):3542-8
  • Boos CJ, Anderson RA, Lip GY. Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory disorder? Eur Heart J 2006;27(2):136-49
  • Violi F, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Loffredo L. Antioxidants for prevention of atrial fibrillation: a potentially useful future therapeutic approach? A review of the literature and meta-analysis. Europace 2014;16(8):1107-16
  • Kottkamp H. Human atrial fibrillation substrate: towards a specific fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2013;34(35):2731-8
  • Burstein B, Nattel S. Atrial fibrosis: mechanisms and clinical relevance in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51(8):802-9
  • Jahangir A, Hammill SC. Parasympathetics and atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005;16(8):885-7
  • Kalman JM, Munawar M, Howes LG, et al. Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with sympathetic activation. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60(6):1709-15
  • Dimmer C, Tavernier R, Gjorgov N, et al. Variations of autonomic tone preceding onset of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 1998;82(1):22-5
  • McCord JM. Oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury. N Engl J Med 1985;312(3):159-63
  • Wan S, Izzat MB, Lee TW, et al. Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass in multivessel CABG reduces cytokine response and myocardial injury. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68(1):52-6. discussion 56-57
  • Chung MK, Martin DO, Sprecher D, et al. C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001;104(24):2886-91
  • Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, Tateo I. Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. N Engl J Med 1996;335(23):1713-20
  • Boersma E, Poldermans D, Bax JJ, et al. Predictors of cardiac events after major vascular surgery: role of clinical characteristics, dobutamine echocardiography, and beta-blocker therapy. JAMA 2001;285(14):1865-73
  • Group PS, Devereaux PJ, Yang H, et al. Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008;371(9627):1839-47
  • Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64(22):e77-137
  • Jideus L, Blomstrom P, Nilsson L, et al. Tachyarrhythmias and triggering factors for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69(4):1064-9
  • Halonen J, Hakala T, Auvinen T, et al. Intravenous administration of metoprolol is more effective than oral administration in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Circulation 2006;114(1 Suppl):I1-4
  • Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM. Prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Circulation 1991;84(5 Suppl):III236-44
  • Crystal E, Connolly SJ, Sleik K, et al. Interventions on prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery: a meta-analysis. Circulation 2002;106(1):75-80
  • Ferguson TBJr, Coombs LP, Peterson ED; Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. Preoperative beta-blocker use and mortality and morbidity following CABG surgery in North America. JAMA 2002;287(17):2221-7
  • Luscher TF, Gersh B, Landmesser U, Ruschitzka F. Is the panic about beta-blockers in perioperative care justified? Eur Heart J 2014;35(36):2442-4
  • Bouri S, Shun-Shin MJ, Cole GD, et al. Meta-analysis of secure randomised controlled trials of beta-blockade to prevent perioperative death in non-cardiac surgery. Heart 2014;100(6):456-64
  • Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, et al. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: the joint task force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J 2014;35(35):2383-431
  • London MJ, Hur K, Schwartz GG, Henderson WG. Association of perioperative beta-blockade with mortality and cardiovascular morbidity following major noncardiac surgery. JAMA 2013;309(16):1704-13
  • Beattie WS, Wijeysundera DN, Karkouti K, et al. Does tight heart rate control improve beta-blocker efficacy? An updated analysis of the noncardiac surgical randomized trials. Anesth Analg 2008;106(4):1039-48
  • Zaugg M, Bestmann L, Wacker J, et al. Adrenergic receptor genotype but not perioperative bisoprolol therapy may determine cardiovascular outcome in at-risk patients undergoing surgery with spinal block: the Swiss Beta Blocker in Spinal Anesthesia (BBSA) study: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial with 1-year follow-up. Anesthesiology 2007;107(1):33-44
  • Merritt JC, Niebauer M, Tarakji K, et al. Comparison of effectiveness of carvedilol versus metoprolol or atenolol for atrial fibrillation appearing after coronary artery bypass grafting or cardiac valve operation. Am J Cardiol 2003;92(6):735-6
  • Acikel S, Bozbas H, Gultekin B, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of metoprolol and carvedilol for preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery. Int J Cardiol 2008;126(1):108-13
  • Haghjoo M, Saravi M, Hashemi MJ, et al. Optimal beta-blocker for prevention of atrial fibrillation after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: carvedilol versus metoprolol. Heart Rhythm 2007;4(9):1170-4
  • Wang HS, Wang ZW, Yin ZT. Carvedilol for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9(4):e94005
  • January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64(21):e1-76
  • Auer J, Weber T, Berent R, et al. A comparison between oral antiarrhythmic drugs in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: the pilot study of prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation (SPPAF), a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am Heart J 2004;147(4):636-43
  • Barnes BJ, Kirkland EA, Howard PA, et al. Risk-stratified evaluation of amiodarone to prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82(4):1332-7
  • Budeus M, Hennersdorf M, Perings S, et al. Amiodarone prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation of high-risk patients after coronary bypass grafting: a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Eur Heart J 2006;27(13):1584-91
  • Daoud EG, Strickberger SA, Man KC, et al. Preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after heart surgery. N Engl J Med 1997;337(25):1785-91
  • Guarnieri T, Nolan S, Gottlieb SO, et al. Intravenous amiodarone for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery: the Amiodarone Reduction in Coronary Heart (ARCH) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34(2):343-7
  • Turk T, Ata Y, Vural H, et al. Intravenous and oral amiodarone for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Surg Forum 2007;10(4):E299-303
  • White CM, Caron MF, Kalus JS, et al. Intravenous plus oral amiodarone, atrial septal pacing, or both strategies to prevent post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation: the Atrial Fibrillation Suppression Trial II (AFIST II). Circulation 2003;108(Suppl 1):II200-6
  • Mitchell LB, Exner DV, Wyse DG, et al. Prophylactic Oral Amiodarone for the Prevention of Arrhythmias that Begin Early After Revascularization, Valve Replacement, or Repair: PAPABEAR: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294(24):3093-100
  • Buckley MS, Nolan PEJr, Slack MK, et al. Amiodarone prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: meta-analysis of dose response and timing of initiation. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(3):360-8
  • Chatterjee S, Sardar P, Mukherjee D, et al. Timing and route of amiodarone for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a network regression meta-analysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013;36(8):1017-23
  • Cagli K, Ozeke O, Ergun K, et al. Effect of low-dose amiodarone and magnesium combination on atrial fibrillation after coronary artery surgery. J Card Surg 2006;21(5):458-64
  • Patel AA, White CM, Gillespie EL, et al. Safety of amiodarone in the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63(9):829-37
  • Janssen J, Loomans L, Harink J, et al. Prevention and treatment of supraventricular tachycardia shortly after coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized open trial. Angiology 1986;37(8):601-9
  • Suttorp MJ, Kingma JH, Peels HO, et al. Effectiveness of sotalol in preventing supraventricular tachyarrhythmias shortly after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 1991;68(11):1163-9
  • Weber UK, Osswald S, Huber M, et al. Selective versus non-selective antiarrhythmic approach for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary surgery: is there a need for pre-operative risk stratification? A prospective placebo-controlled study using low-dose sotalol. Eur Heart J 1998;19(5):794-800
  • Evrard P, Gonzalez M, Jamart J, et al. Prophylaxis of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting with low-dose sotalol. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70(1):151-6
  • Patel A, Dunning J. Is Sotalol more effective than standard beta-blockers for the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation during cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2005;4(2):147-50
  • Burgess DC, Kilborn MJ, Keech AC. Interventions for prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation and its complications after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2006;27(23):2846-57
  • Suttorp MJ, Kingma JH, Tjon Joe Gin RM, et al. Efficacy and safety of low- and high-dose sotalol versus propranolol in the prevention of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias early after coronary artery bypass operations. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 1990;100(6):921-6
  • Gomes JA, Ip J, Santoni-Rugiu F, et al. Oral d,l sotalol reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass surgery patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34(2):334-9
  • Serafimovski N, Burke P, Khawaja O, et al. Usefulness of dofetilide for the prevention of atrial tachyarrhythmias (atrial fibrillation or flutter) after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2008;101(11):1574-9
  • VanderLugt JT, Mattioni T, Denker S, et al. Efficacy and safety of ibutilide fumarate for the conversion of atrial arrhythmias after cardiac surgery. Circulation 1999;100(4):369-75
  • Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS, Rao V, Karski J. Calcium antagonists reduce cardiovascular complications after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41(9):1496-505
  • Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS. Calcium channel blockers for reducing cardiac morbidity after noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2003;97(3):634-41
  • Howard PA, Barnes BJ. Potential use of statins to prevent atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42(2):253-8
  • Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K, et al. Lipid-lowering therapy and in-hospital mortality following major noncardiac surgery. JAMA 2004;291(17):2092-9
  • Desai H, Aronow WS, Ahn C, et al. Incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction and of 2-year mortality in 577 elderly patients undergoing noncardiac vascular surgery treated with and without statins. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010;51(2):149-51
  • Durazzo AE, Machado FS, Ikeoka DT, et al. Reduction in cardiovascular events after vascular surgery with atorvastatin: a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 2004;39(5):967-75
  • Schouten O, Boersma E, Hoeks SE, et al. Fluvastatin and perioperative events in patients undergoing vascular surgery. N Engl J Med 2009;361(10):980-9
  • Lertsburapa K, White CM, Kluger J, et al. Preoperative statins for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiothoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135(2):405-11
  • Chopra V, Wesorick DH, Sussman JB, et al. Effect of perioperative statins on death, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and length of stay: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Surg 2012;147(2):181-9
  • Sanders RD, Nicholson A, Lewis SR, et al. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;7:CD009971
  • Ji Q, Mei Y, Wang X, et al. Effect of preoperative atorvastatin therapy on atrial fibrillation following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Circ J 2009;73(12):2244-9
  • Song YB, On YK, Kim JH, et al. The effects of atorvastatin on the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Am Heart J 2008;156(12):373-e9-16
  • Patti G, Chello M, Candura D, et al. Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: results of the ARMYDA-3 (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Dysrhythmia After cardiac surgery) study. Circulation 2006;114(14):1455-61
  • Liakopoulos OJ, Choi YH, Haldenwang PL, et al. Impact of preoperative statin therapy on adverse postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of over 30,000 patients. Eur Heart J 2008;29(12):1548-59
  • Chen WT, Krishnan GM, Sood N, et al. Effect of statins on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a duration- and dose-response meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140(2):364-72
  • Kourliouros A, De Souza A, Roberts N, et al. Dose-related effect of statins on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;85(5):1515-20
  • Mithani S, Akbar MS, Johnson DJ, et al. Dose dependent effect of statins on postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery among patients treated with beta blockers. J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;4:61
  • Rahimi K, Emberson J, McGale P, et al. Effect of statins on atrial fibrillation: collaborative meta-analysis of published and unpublished evidence from randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;342:d1250
  • Gu WJ, Wu ZJ, Wang PF, et al. Intravenous magnesium prevents atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a meta-analysis of 7 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials. Trials 2012;13:41
  • Nurozler F, Tokgozoglu L, Pasaoglu I, et al. Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: predictors and the role of MgSO4 replacement. J Card Surg 1996;11(6):421-7
  • Kohno H, Koyanagi T, Kasegawa H, Miyazaki M. Three-day magnesium administration prevents atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79(1):117-26
  • Treggiari-Venzi MM, Waeber JL, Perneger TV, et al. Intravenous amiodarone or magnesium sulphate is not cost-beneficial prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Br J Anaesth 2000;85(5):690-5
  • Wilkes NJ, Mallett SV, Peachey T, et al. Correction of ionized plasma magnesium during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces the risk of postoperative cardiac arrhythmia. Anesth Analg 2002;95(4):828-34. table of contents
  • Bert AA, Reinert SE, Singh AK. A beta-blocker, not magnesium, is effective prophylaxis for atrial tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001;15(2):204-9
  • Zangrillo A, Landoni G, Sparicio D, et al. Perioperative magnesium supplementation to prevent atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery surgery: a randomized controlled study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005;19(6):723-8
  • Caspi J, Rudis E, Bar I, et al. Effects of magnesium on myocardial function after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59(4):942-7
  • Miller S, Crystal E, Garfinkle M, et al. Effects of magnesium on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Heart 2005;91(5):618-23
  • Henyan NN, Gillespie EL, White CM, et al. Impact of intravenous magnesium on post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation and length of hospital stay: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80(6):2402-6
  • Ho KM, Tan JA. Benefits and risks of corticosteroid prophylaxis in adult cardiac surgery: a dose-response meta-analysis. Circulation 2009;119(14):1853-66
  • Whitlock RP, Chan S, Devereaux PJ, et al. Clinical benefit of steroid use in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2008;29(21):2592-600
  • Halonen J, Halonen P, Jarvinen O, et al. Corticosteroids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;297(14):1562-7
  • Prasongsukarn K, Abel JG, Jamieson WR, et al. The effects of steroids on the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a prospective randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;130(1):93-8
  • Baker WL, White CM, Kluger J, et al. Effect of perioperative corticosteroid use on the incidence of postcardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation and length of stay. Heart Rhythm 2007;4(4):461-8
  • Dieleman JM, Nierich AP, Rosseel PM, et al. Intraoperative high-dose dexamethasone for cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;308(17):1761-7
  • Cappabianca G, Rotunno C, de Luca Tupputi Schinosa L, et al. Protective effects of steroids in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011;25(1):156-65
  • Halvorsen P, Raeder J, White PF, et al. The effect of dexamethasone on side effects after coronary revascularization procedures. Anesth Analg 2003;96(6):1578-83. table of contents
  • Imazio M, Brucato A, Ferrazzi P, et al. Colchicine reduces postoperative atrial fibrillation: results of the Colchicine for the Prevention of the Postpericardiotomy Syndrome (COPPS) atrial fibrillation substudy. Circulation 2011;124(21):2290-5
  • Imazio M, Brucato A, Ferrazzi P, et al. Colchicine for prevention of postpericardiotomy syndrome and postoperative atrial fibrillation: the COPPS-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;312(10):1016-23
  • Brull DJ, Sanders J, Rumley A, et al. Impact of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on post-coronary artery bypass interleukin 6 release. Heart 2002;87(3):252-5
  • Ozaydin M, Dede O, Varol E, et al. Effect of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockers on postoperative atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2008;127(3):362-7
  • White CM, Kluger J, Lertsburapa K, et al. Effect of preoperative angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use on the frequency of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a cohort study from the atrial fibrillation suppression trials II and III. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31(5):817-20
  • Coleman CI, Makanji S, Kluger J, White CM. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers on the frequency of post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41(3):433-7
  • Miceli A, Capoun R, Fino C, et al. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on clinical outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54(19):1778-84
  • Rosenman DJ, McDonald FS, Ebbert JO, et al. Clinical consequences of withholding versus administering renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists in the preoperative period. J Hosp Med 2008;3(4):319-25
  • Bertrand M, Godet G, Meersschaert K, et al. Should the angiotensin II antagonists be discontinued before surgery? Anesth Analg 2001;92(1):26-30
  • Gu WJ, Wu ZJ, Wang PF, et al. N-Acetylcysteine supplementation for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012;12:10
  • Ozaydin M, Peker O, Erdogan D, et al. N-Acetylcysteine for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Eur Heart J 2008;29(5):625-31
  • Ozaydin M, Icli A, Yucel H, et al. Metoprolol vs. carvedilol or carvedilol plus N-acetyl cysteine on post-operative atrial fibrillation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur Heart J 2013;34(8):597-604
  • Ozaydin M, Peker O, Erdogan D, et al. Oxidative status, inflammation, and postoperative atrial fibrillation with metoprolol vs carvedilol or carvedilol plus N-acetyl cysteine treatment. Clin Cardiol 2014;37(5):300-6
  • Baker WL, Anglade MW, Baker EL, et al. Use of N-acetylcysteine to reduce post-cardiothoracic surgery complications: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;35(3):521-7
  • Kazemi B, Akbarzadeh F, Safaei N, et al. Prophylactic high-dose oral-N-acetylcysteine does not prevent atrial fibrillation after heart surgery: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013;36(10):1211-19
  • Wang G, Bainbridge D, Martin J, Cheng D. N-acetylcysteine in cardiac surgery: do the benefits outweigh the risks? A meta-analytic reappraisal. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011;25(2):268-75
  • Benedetto U, Angeloni E, Melina G, et al. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2013;14(2):104-9
  • Kitamura K, Shibata R, Tsuji Y, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents atrial fibrillation associated with heart failure in a rabbit model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011;300(5):H1814-21
  • Calo L, Bianconi L, Colivicchi F, et al. N-3 Fatty acids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1723-8
  • Rodrigo R, Korantzopoulos P, Cereceda M, et al. A randomized controlled trial to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62(10):1457-65
  • Skuladottir GV, Heidarsdottir R, Arnar DO, et al. Plasma n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the incidence of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Eur J Clin Invest 2011;41(9):995-1003
  • Mozaffarian D, Marchioli R, Macchia A, et al. Fish oil and postoperative atrial fibrillation: the Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) randomized trial. JAMA 2012;308(19):2001-11
  • Saravanan P, Bridgewater B, West AL, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation does not reduce risk of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3(1):46-53
  • Wu JH, Marchioli R, Silletta MG, et al. Plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in the OPERA trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2(5):e000397
  • Costanzo S, di Niro V, Di Castelnuovo A, et al. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in open heart surgery patients by preoperative supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: an updated meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;146(4):906-11
  • Mariani J, Doval HC, Nul D, et al. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent atrial fibrillation: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2(1):e005033
  • Harling L, Rasoli S, Vecht JA, et al. Do antioxidant vitamins have an anti-arrhythmic effect following cardiac surgery? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart 2011;97(20):1636-42
  • Carnes CA, Chung MK, Nakayama T, et al. Ascorbate attenuates atrial pacing-induced peroxynitrite formation and electrical remodeling and decreases the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 2001;89(6):E32-8
  • Eslami M, Badkoubeh RS, Mousavi M, et al. Oral ascorbic acid in combination with beta-blockers is more effective than beta-blockers alone in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Tex Heart Inst J 2007;34(3):268-74
  • Papoulidis P, Ananiadou O, Chalvatzoulis E, et al. The role of ascorbic acid in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after elective on-pump myocardial revascularization surgery: a single-center experience–a pilot study. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011;12(2):121-4
  • Bjordahl PM, Helmer SD, Gosnell DJ, et al. Perioperative supplementation with ascorbic acid does not prevent atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass graft patients. Am J Surg 2012;204(6):862-7. discussion 867

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.