Hydrogen sulfide-mediated myocardial pre- and post-conditioning

References

• Assmann G, Cullen P, Jossa F, Lewis B, Mancini M. Coronary heart disease: reducing the risk: the scientific background to primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. A worldwide view. International Task force for the Prevention of Coronary Heart disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.19(8), 1819–1824 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausenloy DJ, Tsang A, Yellon DM. The reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway: a common target for both ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Trends Cardiovasc. Med.15(2), 69–75 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granfeldt A, Lefer DJ, Vinten-Johansen J. Protective ischaemia in patients: preconditioning and postconditioning. Cardiovasc. Res.83(2), 234–246 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation74(5), 1124–1136 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolli R, Li QH, Tang XL et al. The late phase of preconditioning and its natural clinical application – gene therapy. Heart Fail. Rev.12(3–4), 189–199 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolli R. Cardioprotective function of inducible nitric oxide synthase and role of nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia and preconditioning: an overview of a decade of research. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.33(11), 1897–1918 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tritto I, Ambrosio G. Role of oxidants in the signaling pathway of preconditioning. Antioxid. Redox Signal.3(1), 3–10 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen MV, Yang XM, Liu GS, Heusch G, Downey JM. Acetylcholine, bradykinin, opioids, and phenylephrine, but not adenosine, trigger preconditioning by generating free radicals and opening mitochondrial K(ATP) channels. Circ. Res.89(3), 273–278 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu GS, Thornton J, Van Winkle DM et al. Protection against infarction afforded by preconditioning is mediated by A1 adenosine receptors in rabbit heart. Circulation84(1), 350–356 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz JE, Rose E, Yao Z, Gross GJ. Evidence for involvement of opioid receptors in ischemic preconditioning in rat hearts. Am. J. Physiol.268(5 Pt 2), H2157–H2161 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marber MS, Latchman DS, Walker JM, Yellon DM. Cardiac stress protein elevation 24 hours after brief ischemia or heat stress is associated with resistance to myocardial infarction. Circulation88(3), 1264–1272 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na HS, Kim YI, Yoon YW et al. Ventricular premature beat-driven intermittent restoration of coronary blood flow reduces the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation in a cat model of regional ischemia. Am. Heart J.132(1 Pt 1), 78–83 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao ZQ, Corvera JS, Halkos ME et al. Inhibition of myocardial injury by ischemic postconditioning during reperfusion: comparison with ischemic preconditioning. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.285(2), H579–H588 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halkos ME, Kerendi F, Corvera JS et al. Myocardial protection with postconditioning is not enhanced by ischemic preconditioning. Ann. Thorac. Surg.78(3), 961–969 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skyschally A, van Caster P, Boengler K et al. Ischemic postconditioning in pigs: no causal role for RISK activation. Circ. Res.104(1), 15–18 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun HY, Wang NP, Kerendi F et al. Hypoxic postconditioning reduces cardiomyocyte loss by inhibiting ROS generation and intracellular Ca2+ overload. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.288(4), H1900–H1908 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kin H, Wang NP, Mykytenko J et al. Inhibition of myocardial apoptosis by postconditioning is associated with attenuation of oxidative stress-mediated nuclear factor-κB translocation and TNF α release. Shock29(6), 761–768 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun HY, Wang NP, Halkos M et al. Postconditioning attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via inhibition of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Apoptosis11(9), 1583–1593 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Lisa F, Canton M, Menabo R, Dodoni G, Bernardi P. Mitochondria and reperfusion injury. The role of permeability transition. Basic Res. Cardiol.98(4), 235–241 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halestrap AP, Kerr PM, Javadov S, Woodfield KY. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of the permeability transition pore and its role in reperfusion injury of the heart. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1366(1–2), 79–94 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng J, Lucchinetti E, Ahuja P et al. Isoflurane postconditioning prevents opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Anesthesiology103(5), 987–995 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber NC, Preckel B, Schlack W. The effect of anaesthetics on the myocardium – new insights into myocardial protection. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol.22(9), 647–657 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim SY, Davidson SM, Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Preconditioning and postconditioning: the essential role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Cardiovasc. Res.75(3), 530–535 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudalagiri NR, Mocanu MM, Di Salvo C et al. Erythropoietin protects the human myocardium against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and ERK1/2 activation. Br. J. Pharmacol.153(1), 50–56 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson G 3rd, Tsao PS, Lefer AM. Cardioprotective effects of authentic nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia with reperfusion. Crit. Care Med.19(2), 244–252 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefer DJ, Nakanishi K, Johnston WE, Vinten-Johansen J. Antineutrophil and myocardial protecting actions of a novel nitric oxide donor after acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion of dogs. Circulation88(5 Pt 1), 2337–2350 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budde JM, Velez DA, Zhao Z et al. Comparative study of AMP579 and adenosine in inhibition of neutrophil-mediated vascular and myocardial injury during 24 h of reperfusion. Cardiovasc. Res.47(2), 294–305 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefer DJ. A new gaseous signaling molecule emerges: cardioprotective role of hydrogen sulfide. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(46), 17907–17908 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aon MA, Cortassa S, Akar FG, O’Rourke B. Mitochondrial criticality: a new concept at the turning point of life or death. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1762(2), 232–240 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe K, Kimura H. The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous neuromodulator. J. Neurosci16(3), 1066–1071 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosoki R, Matsuki N, Kimura H. The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous smooth muscle relaxant in synergy with nitric oxide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.237(3), 527–531 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls P. The effect of sulphide on cytochrome aa3. Isosteric and allosteric shifts of the reduced α-peak. Biochim. Biophys. Acta396(1), 24–35 (1975).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan AA, Schuler MM, Prior MG et al. Effects of hydrogen sulfide exposure on lung mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.103(3), 482–490 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls P, Kim JK. Sulphide as an inhibitor and electron donor for the cytochrome c oxidase system. Can. J. Biochem.60(6), 613–623 (1982).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Julian D, April KL, Patel S, Stein JR, Wohlgemuth SE. Mitochondrial depolarization following hydrogen sulfide exposure in erythrocytes from a sulfide-tolerant marine invertebrate. J. Exp. Biol.208(Pt 21), 4109–4122 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eghbal MA, Pennefather PS, O’Brien PJ. H2S cytotoxicity mechanism involves reactive oxygen species formation and mitochondrial depolarisation. Toxicology203(1–3), 69–76 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen KY, Morris JC. Oxidation of sulfide by O2: catalysis and inhibition. J. San. Eng. Div. Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.98, 215–227 (1972).
   Google Scholar
• Tapley DW, Beuttner GR, Shick JM. Free radicals and chemiluminescence as products of the spontaneous oxidation of sulfide in seawater, and their biological implications. Biol. Bull.196, 52–56 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagarinao T, Vetter RD. Sulfide-hemoglobin interactions in the sulfide-tolerant salt-marsh resident, the California killifish Fundulus parvipinnis. J. Comp. Physiol. B162, 614–624 (1992).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus DW, Doeller JE, Powell CS. Sulfide may directly modify cytoplasmic hemoglobin deoxygenation in Solemya reidi gills. J. Exp. Biol.199, 1343–1352 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Völkel S, Berenbrink MK. Sulphaemoglobin formation in fish: a comparison between the haemoglobin of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (Cyprinus carpio). J. Exp. Biol.203, 1047–1058 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibuya N, Tanaka M, Yoshida M et al. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase produces hydrogen sulfide and bound sulfane sulfur in the brain. Antioxid. Redox Signal.11(4), 703–714 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibuya N, Mikami Y, Kimura Y, Nagahara N, Kimura H. Vascular endothelium expresses 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase and produces hydrogen sulfide. J. Biochem.146(5), 623–626 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elrod JW, Calvert JW, Morrison J et al. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by preservation of mitochondrial function. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(39), 15560–15565 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bian JS, Yong QC, Pan TT et al. Role of hydrogen sulfide in the cardioprotection caused by ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart and cardiac myocytes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.316(2), 670–678 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen D, Ytrehus K, Baxter GF. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against regional myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury – evidence for a role of KATP channels. Basic Res. Cardiol.101(1), 53–60 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elrod JW, Calvert JW, Duranski MR, Lefer DJ. Hydrogen sulfide donor protects against acute myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Circulation114(18, Suppl. S), 172 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Sivarajah A, McDonald MC, Thiemermann C. The production of hydrogen sulfide limits myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury and contributes to the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning with endotoxin, but not ischemia in the rat. Shock26(2), 154–161 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu YZ, Wang ZJ, Ho P et al. Hydrogen sulfide and its possible roles in myocardial ischemia in experimental rats. J. Appl. Physiol.102(1), 261–268 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Y, Ndisang JF, Tang G, Cao K, Wang R. Hydrogen sulfide-induced relaxation of resistance mesenteric artery beds of rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.287(5), H2316–H2323 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng B, Yang J, Qi Y et al. H2S generated by heart in rat and its effects on cardiac function. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.313(2), 362–368 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo S, Kajiwara M, Kawabata A. Dual modulation of the tension of isolated gastric artery and gastric mucosal circulation by hydrogen sulfide in rats. Inflammopharmacology15(6), 288–292 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang W, Yang G, Jia X, Wu L, Wang R. Activation of KATP channels by H2S in rat insulin-secreting cells and the underlying mechanisms. J. Physiol.569(Pt 2), 519–531 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao W, Zhang J, Lu Y, Wang R. The vasorelaxant effect of H2S as a novel endogenous gaseous KATP channel opener. EMBO J.20(21), 6008–6016 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babenko AP, Gonzalez GC, Bryan J. Hetero-concatemeric KIR6.X4/SUR14 channels display distinct conductivities but uniform ATP inhibition. J. Biol. Chem.275(41), 31563–31566 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shyng S, Nichols CG. Octameric stoichiometry of the KATP channel complex. J. Gen. Physiol.110(6), 655–664 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement JP 4th, Kunjilwar K, Gonzalez G et al. Association and stoichiometry of KATP channel subunits. Neuron18(5), 827–838 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols CG. KATP channels as molecular sensors of cellular metabolism. Nature440(7083), 470–476 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das B, Sarkar C. Is the sarcolemmal or mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation important in the antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects during acute ischemia/reperfusion in the intact anesthetized rabbit model? Life Sci.77(11), 1226–1248 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garlid KD, Paucek P, Yarov-Yarovoy V et al. Cardioprotective effect of diazoxide and its interaction with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Possible mechanism of cardioprotection. Circ. Res.81(6), 1072–1082 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hide EJ, Thiemermann C. Limitation of myocardial infarct size in the rabbit by ischaemic preconditioning is abolished by sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate. Cardiovasc. Res.31(6), 941–946 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hide EJ, Thiemermann C. Sulprostone-induced reduction of myocardial infarct size in the rabbit by activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Br. J. Pharmacol.118(6), 1409–1414 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll R, Yellon DM. Delayed cardioprotection in a human cardiomyocyte-derived cell line: the role of adenosine, p38MAP kinase and mitochondrial KATP. Basic Res. Cardiol.95(3), 243–249 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey JM, Cohen MV. Do mitochondrial KATP channels serve as triggers rather than end-effectors of ischemic preconditioning’s protection? Basic Res. Cardiol.95(4), 272–274 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain T, Yang XM, Critz SD et al. Opening of mitochondrial KATP channels triggers the preconditioned state by generating free radicals. Circ. Res.87(6), 460–466 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole WC, McPherson CD, Sontag D. ATP-regulated K+ channels protect the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion damage. Circ. Res.69(3), 571–581 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noma A. ATP-regulated K+ channels in cardiac muscle. Nature305(5930), 147–148 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan TT, Feng ZN, Lee SW, Moore PK, Bian JS. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide contributes to the cardioprotection by metabolic inhibition preconditioning in the rat ventricular myocytes. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.40(1), 119–130 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura Y, Kimura H. Hydrogen sulfide protects neurons from oxidative stress. FASEB J.18(10), 1165–1167 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura Y, Dargusch R, Schubert D, Kimura H. Hydrogen sulfide protects HT22 neuronal cells from oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal.8(3–4), 661–670 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura Y, Goto Y, Kimura H. Hydrogen sulfide increases glutathione production and suppresses oxidative stress in mitochondria. Antioxid. Redox Signal.12(1), 1–13 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteman M, Armstrong JS, Chu SH et al. The novel neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide: an endogenous peroxynitrite ‘scavenger’? J. Neurochem.90(3), 765–768 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvert JW, Jha S, Gundewar S et al. Hydrogen sulfide mediates cardioprotection through Nrf2 signaling. Circ. Res.105(4), 365–374 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. New directions for protecting the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: targeting the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK)-pathway. Cardiovasc. Res.61(3), 448–460 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yellon DM, Baxter GF. Reperfusion injury revisited: is there a role for growth factor signaling in limiting lethal reperfusion injury? Trends Cardiovasc. Med.9(8), 245–249 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill EN, Mochly-Rosen D. The roles of PKCδ and ε isoenzymes in the regulation of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem. Soc. Trans.35(Pt 5), 1040–1042 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolotto C, Maulon L, Filippa N, Baier G, Auberger P. Protein kinase C τ and ε promote T-cell survival by a RSK-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of BAD. J. Biol. Chem.275(47), 37246–37250 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griner EM, Kazanietz MG. Protein kinase C and other diacylglycerol effectors in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer7(4), 281–294 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madamanchi NR, Li S, Patterson C, Runge MS. Thrombin regulates vascular smooth muscle cell growth and heat shock proteins via the JAK–STAT pathway. J. Biol. Chem.276(22), 18915–18924 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osipov RM, Robich MP, Feng J et al. Effect of hydrogen sulfide in a porcine model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion: comparison of different administration regimens and characterization of the cellular mechanisms of protection. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol, 54(4), 287–297 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sodha NR, Clements RT, Feng J et al. Hydrogen sulfide therapy attenuates the inflammatory response in a porcine model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.138(4), 977–984 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh GS, Pae HO, Lee BS et al. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits nitric oxide production and nuclear factor-κB via heme oxygenase-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Free Radic. Biol. Med.41(1), 106–119 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukielka GL, Smith CW, Manning AM et al. Induction of interleukin-6 synthesis in the myocardium. Potential role in postreperfusion inflammatory injury. Circulation92(7), 1866–1875 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennein HA, Ebba H, Rodriguez JL et al. Relationship of the proinflammatory cytokines to myocardial ischemia and dysfunction after uncomplicated coronary revascularization. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.108(4), 626–635 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukielka GL, Smith CW, LaRosa GJ et al. Interleukin-8 gene induction in the myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion in vivo. J. Clin. Invest.95(1), 89–103 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello CA. Proinflammatory cytokines. Chest118(2), 503–508 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nian M, Lee P, Khaper N, Liu P. Inflammatory cytokines and postmyocardial infarction remodeling. Circ. Res.94(12), 1543–1553 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera-Garza EH, Stetson SJ, Cubillos-Garzon A et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α: a mediator of disease progression in the failing human heart. Chest115(4), 1170–1174 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanardo RC, Brancaleone V, Distrutti E et al. Hydrogen sulfide is an endogenous modulator of leukocyte-mediated inflammation. FASEB J.20(12), 2118–2120 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Zhi L, Moochhala SM, Moore PK, Bhatia M. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates leukocyte trafficking in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. J. Leukoc. Biol.82(4), 894–905 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad A, Gersh BJ. Management of microvascular dysfunction and reperfusion injury. Heart91(12), 1530–1532 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu LF, Pan TT, Neo KL, Yong QC, Bian JS. Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates the delayed cardioprotection induced by hydrogen sulfide preconditioning in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch.455(6), 971–978 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai WJ, Wang MJ, Moore PK et al. The novel proangiogenic effect of hydrogen sulfide is dependent on Akt phosphorylation. Cardiovasc. Res.76(1), 29–40 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong QC, Lee SW, Foo CS et al. Endogenous hydrogen sulphide mediates the cardioprotection induced by ischemic postconditioning. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.295(3), H1330–H1340 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimmeler S, Fleming I, Fisslthaler B et al. Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature399(6736), 601–605 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustafa AK, Gadalla MM, Sen N et al. H2S signals through protein S-sulfhydration. Sci. Signal.2(96), ra72 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura H. Hydrogen sulfide: its production, release and functions. Amino Acids DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0510-x (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Daniels KM, Stipanuk MH. The effect of dietary cysteine level on cysteine metabolism in rats. J. Nutr.112(11), 2130–2141 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishigami M, Hiraki K, Umemura K et al. A source of hydrogen sulfide and a mechanism of its release in the brain. Antioxid. Redox Signal.11(2), 205–214 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogasawara Y, Ishii K, Togawa T, Tanabe S. Determination of bound sulfur in serum by gas dialysis/high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem.215(1), 73–81 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toohey JI. Sulphane sulphur in biological systems: a possible regulatory role. Biochem. J.264(3), 625–632 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson KR. Hydrogen sulfide and oxygen sensing: implications in cardiorespiratory control. J. Exp. Biol.211(Pt 17), 2727–2734 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson KR, Dombkowski RA, Russell MJ et al. Hydrogen sulfide as an oxygen sensor/transducer in vertebrate hypoxic vasoconstriction and hypoxic vasodilation. J. Exp. Biol.209(Pt 20), 4011–4023 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson KR, Forgan LG, Dombkowski RA, Forster ME. Oxygen dependency of hydrogen sulfide-mediated vasoconstriction in cyclostome aortas. J. Exp. Biol.211(Pt 14), 2205–2213 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield NL, Kreimier EL, Verdial FC, Skovgaard N, Olson KR. A reappraisal of H2S/sulfide concentration in vertebrate blood and its potential significance in ischemic preconditioning and vascular signaling. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.294, 1930–1937 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Sorrentino R, Maffia P et al. Hydrogen sulfide as a mediator of human corpus cavernosum smooth-muscle relaxation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA106(11), 4513–4518 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srilatha B, Adaikan PG, Li L, Moore PK. Hydrogen sulphide: a novel endogenous gasotransmitter facilitates erectile function. J. Sex. Med.4(5), 1304–1311 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla N, Rossoni G, Hotston M et al. Effect of hydrogen sulphide-donating sildenafil (ACS6) on erectile function and oxidative stress in rabbit isolated corpus cavernosum and in hypertensive rats. BJU Int.103(11), 1522–1529 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srilatha B, Adaikan PG, Moore PK. Possible role for the novel gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide in erectile dysfunction – a pilot study. Eur. J. Pharmacol.535(1–3), 280–282 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du J, Yan H, Tang C. Endogenous H2S is involved in the development of spontaneous hypertension. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao35(1), 102 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang G, Wu L, Jiang B et al. H2S as a physiologic vasorelaxant: hypertension in mice with deletion of cystathionine γ-lyase. Science322(5901), 587–590 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Brancaleone V, Roviezzo F, Vellecco V et al. Biosynthesis of H2S is impaired in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Br. J. Pharmacol.155(5), 673–680 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenitzer JR, Isbell TS, Patel HD et al. Hydrogen sulfide mediates vasoactivity in an O2-dependent manner. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.292(4), H1953–H1960 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain SK, Bull R, Rains JL et al. Low levels of hydrogen sulfide in the blood of diabetes patients and streptozotocin-treated rats causes vascular inflammation? Antioxid. Redox Signal.12(11), 1333–1337 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteman M, Gooding KM, Whatmore JL et al. Adiposity is a major determinant of plasma levels of the novel vasodilator hydrogen sulphide. Diabetologia53(8), 1722–1726 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Predmore BL, Alendy MJ, Ahmed KI, Leeuwenburgh C, Julian D. The hydrogen sulfide signaling system: changes during aging and the benefits of caloric restriction. Age32(4), 467–481 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kloner RA. Clinical application of remote ischemic preconditioning. Circulation119(6), 776–778 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yellon DM, Alkhulaifi AM, Pugsley WB. Preconditioning the human myocardium. Lancet342(8866), 276–277 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Przyklenk K, Bauer B, Ovize M, Kloner RA, Whittaker P. Regional ischemic ‘preconditioning’ protects remote virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary occlusion. Circulation87(3), 893–899 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnbaum Y, Hale SL, Kloner RA. Ischemic preconditioning at a distance: reduction of myocardial infarct size by partial reduction of blood supply combined with rapid stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle in the rabbit. Circulation96(5), 1641–1646 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharbanda RK, Mortensen UM, White PA et al. Transient limb ischemia induces remote ischemic preconditioning in vivo. Circulation106(23), 2881–2883 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausenloy DJ, Mwamure PK, Venugopal V et al. Effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on myocardial injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet370(9587), 575–579 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung MM, Kharbanda RK, Konstantinov IE et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on children undergoing cardiac surgery: first clinical application in humans. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.47(11), 2277–2282 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laskey WK. Brief repetitive balloon occlusions enhance reperfusion during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.65(3), 361–367 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staat P, Rioufol G, Piot C et al. Postconditioning the human heart. Circulation112(14), 2143–2148 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma XJ, Zhang XH, Li CM, Luo M. Effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Scand. Cardiovasc. J.40(6), 327–333 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang XC, Liu Y, Wang LF et al. Reduction in myocardial infarct size by postconditioning in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. J. Invasive Cardiol.19(10), 424–430 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thibault H, Piot C, Ovize M. Postconditioning in man. Heart Fail. Rev.12(3–4), 245–248 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laskey WK, Yoon S, Calzada N, Ricciardi MJ. Concordant improvements in coronary flow reserve and ST-segment resolution during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a benefit of postconditioning. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.72(2), 212–220 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao WS, Xu L, Wang LF et al. A 60-s postconditioning protocol by percutaneous coronary intervention inhibits myocardial apoptosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Apoptosis14(10), 1204–1211 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossoni G, Sparatore A, Tazzari V et al. The hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of diclofenac protects against ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the isolated rabbit heart. Br. J. Pharmacol.153(1), 100–109 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher CD, Augustine LM, Maher JM et al. Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by garlic and allyl sulfide compounds via activation of constitutive androstane receptor and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. Drug Metab. Dispos.35(6), 995–1000 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benavides GA, Squadrito GL, Mills RW et al. Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(46), 17977–17982 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannenberg GL, Vieira HL. Therapeutic applications of the gaseous mediators carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat.19(5), 663–682 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliendo G, Cirino G, Santagada V, Wallace JL. Synthesis and biological effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S): development of H2S-releasing drugs as pharmaceuticals. J. Med. Chem.53(17), 6275–6286 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar