1
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma

, , &
Pages 35-43 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Wong CS, Strange RC, Lear JT. Basal cell carcinoma. BMJ327(7418), 794–798 (2003).
  • Braun RP, Oliviero M, Kolm I et al. Dermoscopy: what’s new? Clin. Dermatol.27(1), 26–34 (2009).
  • Mogensen M, Thrane L, Jorgensen TM, Andersen PE, Jemec GB. OCT imaging of skin cancer and other dermatological diseases. J. Biophotonics2(6–7), 442–451 (2009).
  • Schmid-Wendtner MH, Dill-Muller D. Ultrasound technology in dermatology. Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg.27(1), 44–51 (2008).
  • Takahashi M, Kohda H. Diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in malignant melanoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.27(1), 51–54 (1992).
  • Suihko C, Swindle LD, Thomas SG, Serup J. Fluorescence fibre-optic confocal microscopy of skin in vivo: microscope and fluorophores. Skin Res. Technol.11(4), 254–267 (2005).
  • Rajadhyaksha M, González S, Zavislan JM, Anderson RR, Webb RH. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin II: advances in instrumentation and comparison with histology. J. Invest. Dermatol.113(3), 293–303 (1999).
  • Rajadhyaksha M, Grossman M, Esterowitz D, Webb RH, Anderson RR. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin: melanin provides strong contrast. J. Invest. Dermatol.104(6), 946–952 (1995).
  • González S, White WM, Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR, González E. Confocal imaging of sebaceous gland hyperplasia in vivo to assess efficacy and mechanism of pulsed dye laser treatment. Lasers Surg. Med.25(1), 8–12 (1999).
  • González S, Sackstein R, Anderson RR, Rajadhyaksha M. Real-time evidence of in vivo leukocyte trafficking in human skin by reflectance confocal microscopy. J. Invest. Dermatol.117(2), 384–386 (2001).
  • Aghassi D, González E, Anderson RR, Rajadhyaksha M, González S. Elucidating the pulsed-dye laser treatment of sebaceous hyperplasia in vivo with real-time confocal scanning laser microscopy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.43(1 Pt 1), 49–53 (2000).
  • Aghassi D, Anderson RR, González S. Time-sequence histologic imaging of laser-treated cherry angiomas with in vivo confocal microscopy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.43(1 Pt 1), 37–41 (2000).
  • Scope A, Benvenuto-Andrade C, Agero AL et al.In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy imaging of melanocytic skin lesions: consensus terminology glossary and illustrative images. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.57, 644–658 (2007).
  • Sprague BL, McNally JG. FRAP analysis of binding: proper and fitting. Trends Cell Biol.15(2), 84–91 (2005).
  • Periasamy A. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy: a mini review. J. Biomed. Opt.6(3), 287–291 (2001).
  • Wallrabe H, Periasamy A. Imaging protein molecules using FRET and FLIM microscopy. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.16(1), 19–27 (2005).
  • Petran M, Hadravsky M, Benes J, Boyde A. In vivo microscopy using the tandem scanning microscope. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.483, 440–447 (1986).
  • Cavanagh HD, Jester JV, Essepian J, Shields W, Lemp MA. Confocal microscopy of the living eye. CLAO J.16, 65–73 (1990).
  • Jester JV, Andrews PM, Petroll WM, Lemp MA, Cavanagh HD. In vivo, real-time confocal imaging. J. Electron Microsc. Tech.18(1), 50–60 (1991).
  • Andrews PM, Petroll WM, Cavanagh HD, Jester JV. Tandem scanning confocal microscopy (TSCM) of normal and ischemic living kidneys. Am. J. Anat.191(1), 95–102 (1991).
  • Corcuff P, Bertrand C, Leveque JL. Morphometry of human epidermis in vivo by real-time confocal microscopy. Arch. Dermatol. Res.285(8), 475–481 (1993).
  • Corcuff P, Leveque JL. In vivo vision of the human skin with the tandem scanning microscope. Dermatology186(1), 50–54 (1993).
  • Anderson RR, Parrish JA. The optics of human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol.77(1), 13–19 (1981).
  • Huzaira M, Rius F, Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR, González S. Topographic variations in normal skin, as viewed by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy. J. Invest. Dermatol.116(6), 846–852 (2001).
  • Rubin AI, Chen EH, Ratner D. Basal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med.353(21), 2262–2269 (2005).
  • Sauermann K, Gambichler T, Wilmert M et al. Investigation of basal cell carcinoma by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. Skin Res. Technol.8(3), 141–147 (2002).
  • González S, Tannous Z. Real-time, in vivo confocal reflectance microscopy of basal cell carcinoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.47(6), 869–874 (2002).
  • Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Cao T, Oliviero M et al. The vasculature of nonmelanocytic skin tumors in reflectance confocal microscopy: vascular features of basal cell carcinoma. Arch. Dermatol.146(3), 353–354 (2010).
  • Ulrich M, Roewert-Huber J, González S et al. Peritumoral clefting in basal cell carcinoma: correlation of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and routine histology. J. Cutan. Pathol.38(2), 190–195 (2011).
  • Agero AL, Cuevas J, Jaen P et al. Basal cell carcinoma. In: Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Cutaneous Tumors: An Atlas with Clinical, Dermoscopic and Histological Correlations. González S, Gill M, Halpern AC (Eds). Informa Healthcare, London, UK, 60–75 (2008).
  • Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Horn M, Koller S et al. Monitoring efficacy of cryotherapy for superficial basal cell carcinomas with in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy: a preliminary study. J. Dermatol. Sci.53(1), 60–64 (2009).
  • Nori S, Rius-Diaz F, Cuevas J et al. Sensitivity and specificity of reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.51(6), 923–930 (2004).
  • Fujimoto JG. Optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh resolution in vivo imaging. Nat. Biotechnol.21(11), 1361–1367 (2003).
  • Strasswimmer J, Pierce MC, Park BH, Neel V, de Boer JF. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography of invasive basal cell carcinoma. J. Biomed. Opt.9(2), 292–298 (2004).
  • Mogensen M, Joergensen TM, Nurnberg BM et al. Assessment of optical coherence tomography imaging in the diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and benign lesions versus normal skin: observer-blinded evaluation by dermatologists and pathologists. Dermatol. Surg.35(6), 965–972 (2009).
  • Segura S, Puig S, Carrera C, Palou J, Malvehy J. Dendritic cells in pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a relevant finding by reflectance-mode confocal microscopy. Arch. Dermatol.143(7), 883–886 (2007).
  • Maloney ME, Jones DB, Sexton FM. Pigmented basal cell carcinoma: investigation of 70 cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.27(1), 74–78 (1992).
  • Agero AL, Busam KJ, Benvenuto-Andrade C et al. Reflectance confocal microscopy of pigmented basal cell carcinoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.54(4), 638–643 (2006).
  • Guitera P, Pellacani G, Longo C et al.In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy enhances secondary evaluation of melanocytic lesions. J. Invest. Dermatol.129(1), 131–138 (2009).
  • Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Williams CM, Swindells KJ et al. Use of in vivo confocal microscopy in malignant melanoma: an aid in diagnosis and assessment of surgical and nonsurgical therapeutic approaches. Arch. Dermatol.140(9), 1127–1132 (2004).
  • Busam KJ, Hester K, Charles C et al. Detection of clinically amelanotic malignant melanoma and assessment of its margins by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy. Arch. Dermatol.137(7), 923–929 (2001).
  • Chen CS, Elias M, Busam K, Rajadhyaksha M, Marghoob AA. Multimodal in vivo optical imaging, including confocal microscopy, facilitates presurgical margin mapping for clinically complex lentigo maligna melanoma. Br. J. Dermatol.153(5), 1031–1036 (2005).
  • Scope A, Mahmood U, Gareau DS et al.In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of shave biopsy wounds: feasibility of intraoperative mapping of cancer margins. Br. J. Dermatol.163(6), 1218–1228 (2010).
  • Kagy MK, Amonette R. The use of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas in a basal cell nevus syndrome patient. Dermatol. Surg.26(6), 577–578 (2000).
  • Hannuksela-Svahn A, Nordal E, Christensen OB. Treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas in the scalp with imiquimod 5% cream. Acta Derm. Venereol.80(5), 381–382 (2000).
  • Segura S, Puig S, Carrera C et al. Non-invasive management of non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with cancer predisposition genodermatosis: a role for confocal microscopy and photodynamic therapy. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03871.x. (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
  • Marra DE, Torres A, Schanbacher CF, González S. Detection of residual basal cell carcinoma by in vivo confocal microscopy. Dermatol. Surg.31(5), 538–541 (2005).
  • Karen JK, Gareau DS, Dusza SW et al. Detection of basal cell carcinomas in Mohs excisions with fluorescence confocal mosaicing microscopy. Br. J. Dermatol.160(6), 1242–1250 (2009).
  • Gareau DS. Feasibility of digitally stained multimodal confocal mosaics to simulate histopathology. J. Biomed. Opt.14(3), 034050 (2009).
  • Rajadhyaksha M, Menaker G, Flotte T, Dwyer PJ, González S. Confocal examination of nonmelanoma cancers in thick skin excisions to potentially guide mohs micrographic surgery without frozen histopathology. J. Invest. Dermatol.117(5), 1137–1143 (2001).
  • Chung VQ, Dwyer PJ, Nehal KS et al. Use of ex vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy during Mohs surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancers. Dermatol. Surg.30(12 Pt 1), 1470–1478 (2004).
  • Gareau DS, Patel YG, Li Y et al. Confocal mosaicing microscopy in skin excisions: a demonstration of rapid surgical pathology. J. Microsc.233(Pt 1), 149–159 (2009).
  • Patel YG, Nehal KS, Aranda I et al. Confocal reflectance mosaicing of basal cell carcinomas in Mohs surgical skin excisions. J. Biomed. Opt.12(3), 034027 (2007).
  • Mohs AM, Mancini MC, Singhal S et al. Hand-held spectroscopic device for in vivo and intraoperative tumor detection: contrast enhancement, detection sensitivity, and tissue penetration. Anal. Chem. DOI: 10.1021/ac102058k (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
  • Goldgeier M, Fox CA, Zavislan JM, Harris D, González S. Noninvasive imaging, treatment, and microscopic confirmation of clearance of basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol. Surg.29(3), 205–210 (2003).
  • Torres A, Niemeyer A, Berkes B et al. 5% imiquimod cream and reflectance-mode confocal microscopy as adjunct modalities to Mohs micrographic surgery for treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol. Surg.30(12 Pt 1), 1462–1469 (2004).
  • González S, Gill M, Halpern AC (Eds). Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Cutaneous Tumors: An Atlas with Clinical, Dermoscopic and Histological Correlations. Informa Healthcare, London, UK (2008).

Patent

Website

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.