Role of histopathology in the diagnosis of nail disorders

References

• Rich P, Scher R. Examination of the nail and work-up of nail conditions. In: An Atlas of Diseases of the Nail. Rich P, Scher R (Eds). The Parthenon Publishing Group, NY, USA, 1–5 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Rich P, Scher R. Nail anatomy and basic science. In: An Atlas of Diseases of the Nail. Rich P, Scher R (Eds). The Parthenon Publishing Group, NY, USA, 6–8 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Rich P. Nail biopsy: indications and methods. Dermatol. Surg.27, 229–234 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haneke E. Histopathology of common nail conditions. In: A Text Atlas of Nail Disorders Techniques in Investigation and Diagnosis (Third Edition). Baran R, Dawber R, Haneke E, Tosti A, Bristow I (Eds). Martin Dunitz, Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK, 268–279 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Fillus Neto J, Tchornobay AM. How the nail clipping helps the dermatologist. An. Bras. Dermatol.84(2), 173–176 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Suarez SM, Silvers DN, Scher RK, Pearlstein HH, Auerbach R. Histologic evaluation of nail clippings for diagnosing onychomycosis. Arch. Dermatol.127, 1517–1519 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Piérard GE, Arrese JE, Pierre S et al. Microscopic diagnosis of onychomycoses. Ann. Dermatol. Venereol.121, 25–29 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Suarez S, Silvers D, Scher R et al. Histologic evaluation of nail clippings for diagnosing onychomycosis. Arch. Dermatol.127, 1517–1519 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Grammer-West NY, Corvette DM, Giandoni MB et al. Clinical pearl: nail plate biopsy in the diagnosis of psoriatic nails. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.38(2 Pt 1), 260–262 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Mikhail GR. Hutchinson’s sign. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol.12, 519–521 (1986).
   Google Scholar
• Rich P. Nail biopsy: indications and methods. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol.18, 673–682 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abimelec P, Dumontier C. Basic and advanced nail surgery (part 1: principles and techniques). In: Nails: Diagnosis, Therapy, Surgery (3rd Edition). Scher RK, Daniel CR III (Eds).Elsevier Saunders, PA, USA, 265–289 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Jellinek NJ. Nail surgery: practical tips and treatment options. Dermatol. Ther.20(1), 68–74 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jellinek N. Nail matrix biopsy of longitudinal melanonychia: diagnostic algorithm including the matrix shave biopsy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.56, 803–810 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zaias N. The longitudinal nail biopsy. J. Invest. Dermatol.49(4), 406–408 (1967).
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez R, Zaias N. A modified polyethylene glycol-pyroxylin embedding method specially suited for nails. J. Invest. Dermatol.49, 409–410 (1967).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewin K, DeWit SA, Lawson R. Softening techniques for nails biopsies. Arch. Dermatol.107, 223–224 (1973).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moossavi M, Scher RK. Complications of nail surgery: a review of the literature. Dermatol. Surg.27(3), 225–228 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Hanno R, Mathes BM, Krull EA. Longitudinal nail biopsy in evaluation of acquired nail dystrophies. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.14, 803–809 (1986).
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman S. Correction of a split nail deformity. Arch. Dermatol.108, 568–569 (1973).
   Google Scholar
• Herndon JH, Myers SR, Akelman E. Advanced surgery. In: Nails: Therapy, Diagnosis, Surgery. Scher RK, Daniel CR (Eds). WB Saunders, PA, USA (1997).
   Google Scholar
• De Berker DAR, Baran R. Acquired malalignment: a complication of lateral longitudinal nail biopsy. Acta Derm. Venereol.78, 468–470 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wadhams PS, McDonald JF, Jenkin WM. Epidermal inclusion cysts as a complication of nail surgery. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc.80, 610–612 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Witthaut J, Sreffens K, Koob E. Reliable treatment of pyogenic granuloma of the hand. J. Hand. Surg.19(6), 791–793 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Shenoy MM, Teerthanath S, Karnaker VK, Girisha BS, Krishna Prasad MS, Pinto J. Comparison of potassium hydroxide mount and mycological culture with histopathologic examination using periodic acid-Schiff staining of the nail clippings in the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol.74, 226–229 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg JM, Koestenblatt EK, Tutrone W, Tishler HR, Najarian L. Comparison of diagnostic methods in the evaluation of onychomycosis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.49, 193–197 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawry MA, Haneke E, Strobeck K, Martin S, Zimmer B, Romano PS. Methods for diagnosing onychomycosis: a comparative study and review of the literature. Arch. Dermatol.136, 1112–1116 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaffe R. Onychomycosis recognition, diagnosis and management. Arch. Fam. Med.7, 587–592 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Arenas R. [Dermatophytoses in Mexico]. Rev. Iberoam. Micol.19, 63–67 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arenas R, Aristimuño M, Abiega C, Vick R. [Human immunodeficiency virus infection and onychomycosis]. Dermatol. Venezol.37, 28–29 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Moreno-Coutiño G, Toussaint-Caire S, Arenas R. Clinical, mycological and histological aspects of white onychomycosis. Mycoses53(2), 144–147 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Shemer A, Trau H, Davidovici B, Grunwald MH, Amichai B. Collection of fungi samples from nails: comparative study of curettage and drilling techniques. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.22(2), 182–185 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Scher RK. Psoriasis of the nail. Dermatol. Clin.3, 387–394 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Lavaroni G, Kokelj F, Pauluzzi P, Trevisan G. The nails in psoriatic arthritis. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Suppl.)186, 113 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grover C, Reddy BS, Uma Chaturvedi K. Diagnosis of nail psoriasis: importance of biopsy and histopathology. Br. J. Dermatol.153, 1153–1158 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yerushalmi J, Grunwald MH, Hallel-Halevy D et al. Chronic pustular eruption of the thumbs. Diagnosis: acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH). Arch. Dermatol.136, 925–930 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Grover C, Khandpur S, Reddy BS, Chaturvedi KU. Longitudinal nail biopsy: utility in 20-nail dystrophy. Dermatol. Surg.29(11), 1125–1129 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Tosti A, Peluso AM, Misciali C, Cameli N. Nail lichen striatus: clinical features and long-term follow-up of five patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.36(6 Pt 1), 908–913 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Trüeb RM. Hair and nail involvement in lupus erythematosus. Clin. Dermatol.22(2), 139–147 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Tosti A, Morelli R, Bardazzi F, Peluso AM. Prevalence of nail abnormalities in children with alopecia areata. Pediatr. Dermatol.11, 112–115 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosti A, Fanti PA, Morelli R, Bardazzi F. Trachyonychia associated with alopecia areata: a clinical and pathologic study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.25(2 Pt 1), 266–270 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton RA, Campbell I, Carlyle D, Simpson NB. Nail bed immunofluorescence in pemphigus vulgaris. Acta Derm. Venereol.63, 170–172 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• Schlesinger N, Katz M, Ingber A. Nail involvement in pemphigus vulgaris. Br. J. Dermatol.146(5), 836–839 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• De Berker DAR, Baran R, Dawber RPR. The nail in dermatological diseases. In: Diseases of Nails and their Management (Third Edition). Baran R, Dawber RPR, de Berker DAR, Haneke E, Tosti A (Eds). Blackwell Science, 172–222 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Raof H, Awad SS, Abdel-Razek RT et al. Dealing with dysmorphic nail problems. Egyptian Dermatol. Online J.2(1), 4 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Drapé JL, Idy-Peretti I, Goettmann S et al. MR imaging of digital mucoid cysts. Radiology200(2), 531–536 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Baran R, Haneke E, Drape JL, Zook EG. Tumours of the nail apparatus and adjacent tissues. In: Diseases of Nails and their Management (Third Edition). Baran R, Dawber RPR, de Berker DAR, Haneke E, Tosti A (Eds). Blackwell Science, 515–630 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Nazerani S, Motamedi MH, Keramati MR. Diagnosis and management of glomus tumors of the hand. Tech. Hand Up. Extrem. Surg.14(1), 8–13 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Gombos Z, Zhang PJ. Glomus tumor. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.132, 1448–1452 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher CDM, Unni K, Meretens F. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Nervous System. IARC Press, Lyon, France, 136–137 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Baran R, Mikhail G, Costini B, Tosti A, Goettmann-Bonvallot S. Distal digital keratoacanthoma: two cases with a review of the literature. Dermatol. Surg.27(6), 575–579 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Baran R, Goettmann S. Distal digital keratoacanthoma: a report of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Br. J. Dermatol.139(3), 512–515 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cribier B, Asch PH, Grosshans E. Differentiating squamous cell carcinoma from keratoacanthoma using histopathological criteria. Is it possible? A study of 296 cases. Dermatology199, 208–212 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Ensenat A, Vilalta A, Torras H. [Peri- and subungual keratoacanthoma]. Ann. Dermatol. Venereol.115, 329–331 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• Levy DW, Bonakdarpour A, Putong PB et al. Subungual keratoacanthoma. Skeletal Radiol.13, 287–290 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Gaertner EM, Gordon M, Reed T. Onychomatricoma: case report of an unusual subungual tumor with literature review. J. Cutan. Pathol.36(Suppl. 1), 66–69 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Perrin C, Baran R, Pisani A, Ortonne JP, Michiels JF. The onychomatricoma: additional histologic criteria and immunohistochemical study. Am. J. Dermatopathol.24(3), 199–203 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Perrin C, Goettmann S, Baran R. Onychomatricoma: clinical and histopathologic findings in 12 cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.39(4 Pt 1), 560–564 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Kint A, Baran R, De Keyser H. Acquired (digital) fibrokeratoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.12(5 Pt 1), 816–821 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Ruben BS. Pigmented lesions of the nail unit: clinical and histopathologic features. Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg.29(3), 148–158 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goettmann-Bonvallot S, André J, Belaich S. Longitudinal melanonychia in children: a clinical and histopathologic study of 40 cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.41(1), 17–22 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun RP, Baran R, Le Gal FA et al. Diagnosis and management of nail pigmentations. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.56(5), 835–847 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrin CH, Michiels JF, Pisani A, Ortonne JP. Anatomic distribution of melanocytes in normal nail unit: an immunohistochemical investigation. Am. J. Dermatopathol.19, 462–467 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finley RK, Driscoll DL, Blumenson LE, Karakousis CP. Subungual melanoma: an eighteen year review. Surgery116, 96–100 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawber RPR, Colver GB. The spectrum of malignant melanoma of the nail apparatus. Semin. Dermatol.10, 82–87 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Izumi M, Ohara K, Hoashi T et al. Subungual melanoma: histological examination of 50 cases from early stage to bone invasion. J. Dermatol.35(11), 695–703 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oon HH, Kumarasinghe SP. Subungual squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as a melanotic macule. Singapore Med. J.49(3), e76–e77 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Hale LR, Dawber RP. Subungual squamous cell carcinoma presenting with minimal nail changes: a factor in delayed diagnosis? Australas. J. Dermatol.39, 86–88 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Wong TC, Ip FK, Wu WC. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed: three case reports. J. Orthop. Surg. (Hong Kong)12, 248–252 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kovich OI, Soldano AC. Clinical pathologic correlations for diagnosis and treatment of nail disorders. Dermatol. Ther.20(1), 11–16 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar