References
- Reid IR. Relationships between fat and bone. Osteoporos. Int.19, 595–606 (2008).
- Clark EM, Ness AR, Tobias JH; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team. Adipose tissue stimulate bone growth in prepubertal children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.91, 2534–2541 (2006).
- Janicka A, Wren TA, Sanchez MM et al. Fat mass is not beneficial to bone in adolescents and young adults. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.92, 143–147 (2007).
- Timpson N, Sayers A, Davey Smith G, Tobias J. How does body fat influence bone mass in childhood? A mendelian randomisation approach. J. Bone Miner. Res.24, 522–533 (2009).
- Goulding A, Grant AM, Williams SM. Bone and body composition of children and adolescents with repeated forearm fractures. J. Bone Miner. Res.20, 2090–2096 (2005).
- Manias K, McCabe D, Bishop NJ. Fractures and recurrent fractures in children; varying effects of environmental factors as well as bone size and mass. Bone39(3), 652–657 (2006).
- Clark EM, Ness AR, Bishop NR, Tobias JH. The association between bone mass and fractures in children: a prospective cohort study. J. Bone Miner. Res.21, 1489–1496 (2006).
- Sayers A, Tobias JH. Fat mass exerts a greater effect on cortical bone mass in girls than boys. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.95(2), 699–706 (2009).
- Lorentzon M, Landin K, Mellstrom D, Ohlsson C. Leptin is a negative independent predictor of areal BMD and cortical bone size in young adult Swedish men. J. Bone Miner. Res.21, 1871–1878 (2006).
- Tobias JH, Chow JW, Chambers TJ. Opposite effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on the formation of trabecular and cortical bone in adult female rats. Endocrinology131, 2387–2392 (1992).
- Jeffery AN, Murphy MJ, Metcalf BS et al. Adiponectin in childhood. Int. J. Pediatr. Obes.3, 130–140 (2008).
- Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.257, 79–83 (1999).
- Richards JB, Valdes AM, Burling K, Perks UC, Spector TD. Serum adiponectin and bone mineral density in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.92, 1517–1523 (2007).
- Brennan BM, Mughal Z, Roberts SA et al. Bone mineral density in childhood survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated without cranial irradiation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.90, 689–694 (2005).
- Park HA, Lee JS, Kuller LH, Cauley JA. Effects of weight control during the menopausal transition on bone mineral density. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.92, 3809–3815 (2007).
- Tobias JH, Steer CD, Mattocks C, Riddoch C, Ness AR. Habitual levels of physical activity influence bone mass in 11 year-old children from the UK: findings from a large population-based cohort. J. Bone Miner. Res.22, 101–109 (2007).
- Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. Calcif. Tiss. Int.37, 411–417 (1985).
- Petit MA, McKay HA, MacKelvie KJ, Heinonen A, Khan KM, Beck TJ. A randomized school-based jumping intervention confers site and maturity-specific benefits on bone structural properties in girls: a hip structural analysis study. J. Bone Miner. Res.17, 363–372 (2002).