Rapid-acting insulin glulisine: an update on clinical experience

References

• Dailey G. Rapid-acting insulin glulisine: a new tool for postprandial glucose control. Expert Rev. Endocrinol. Metab.1(4), 469–478 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• [A mass survey of diabetes mellitus in a population of 300,000 in 14 provinces and municipalities in China (author’s transl)]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi20(11), 678–683 (1981).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang K, Li T, Xiang H. [Study on the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and IGT in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi19(5), 282–285 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang W, Lu J, Weng J et al. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China. N. Engl. J. Med.362(12), 1090–1101 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon KH, Lee JH, Kim JW et al. Epidemic obesity and Type 2 diabetes in Asia. Lancet368(9548), 1681–1688 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation. The Diabetes Atlas (Third Edition). International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium (2006).
   Google Scholar
• DIAMOND Project Group. Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990–1999. Diabet. Med.23(8), 857–866 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyurus E, Green A, Soltesz G. Incidence trends for childhood Type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–2020: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet373(9680), 2027–2033 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Effect of intensive therapy on residual β-cell function in patients with Type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann. Intern. Med.128(7), 517–523 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med.329(14), 977–986 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.353(25), 2643–2653 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA et al. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Arch. Ophthalmol.126(12), 1707–1715 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet352(9131), 854–865 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet352(9131), 837–853 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.359(15), 1577–1589 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.358(24), 2545–2559 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.358(24), 2560–2572 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.360(2), 129–139 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S et al. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N. Engl. J. Med.364(9), 818–828 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. Diabetes Care32(1), 187–192 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB et al. Medical management of hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care32(1), 193–203 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodbard HW, Blonde L, Braithwaite SS et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocr. Pract.13(Suppl. 1), 1–68 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanefeld M, Fischer S, Julius U et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: the Diabetes Intervention Study, 11-year follow-up. Diabetologia39(12), 1577–1583 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial. JAMA290(4), 486–494 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman RR, Haffner SM, McMurray JJ et al. Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N. Engl. J. Med.362(16), 1463–1476 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM et al. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N. Engl. J. Med.362(16), 1477–1490 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz I, Wilson PW, Strojek K et al. Effects of prandial versus fasting glycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in Type 2 diabetes: the HEART2D trial. Diabetes Care32(3), 381–386 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceriello A, Colagiuri S. International Diabetes Federation guideline for management of postmeal glucose: a review of recommendations. Diabet. Med.25(10), 1151–1156 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation. Guideline for the Management of Postmeal Glucose. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Becker RH, Frick AD. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glulisine. Clin. Pharmacokinet.47(1), 7–20 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker RH, Frick AD, Burger F, Potgieter JH, Scholtz H. Insulin glulisine, a new rapid-acting insulin analogue, displays a rapid time-action profile in obese non-diabetic subjects. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes113(8), 435–443 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn MF. Zinc–ligand interactions modulate assembly and stability of the insulin hexamer – a review. Biometals18(4), 295–303 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apidra® prescribing information. Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Kansas City, MO, USA (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Becker RH, Frick AD, Burger F, Scholtz H, Potgieter JH. A comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel rapid-acting insulin analog, insulin glulisine, and regular human insulin in healthy volunteers using the euglycemic clamp technique. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes113(5), 292–297 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker RH, Frick AD, Nosek L, Heinemann L, Rave K. Dose–response relationship of insulin glulisine in subjects with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care30(10), 2506–2507 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohberg C, Forst T, Larbig M et al. Effect of insulin glulisine on microvascular blood flow and endothelial function in the postprandial state. Diabetes Care31(5), 1021–1025 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luzio S, Peter R, Dunseath GJ, Mustafa L, Owens DR. A comparison of preprandial insulin glulisine versus insulin lispro in people with Type 2 diabetes over a 12-h period. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.79(2), 269–275 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heise T, Nosek L, Spitzer H et al. Insulin glulisine: a faster onset of action compared with insulin lispro. Diabetes Obes. Metab.9(5), 746–753 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao M, Wang W, Zhang Y, Lu X, Meng J, Ning G. Bioequivalence between two human insulin analogs in Chinese population: glulisine and lispro. Endocrine38(1), 48–52 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnolds S, Rave K, Hovelmann U, Fischer A, Sert-Langeron C, Heise T. Insulin glulisine has a faster onset of action compared with insulin aspart in healthy volunteers. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes118(9), 662–664 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolli GB, Luzio S, Marzotti S et al. Comparative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of subcutaneous insulin glulisine and insulin aspart prior to a standard meal in obese subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes. Metab.13(3), 251–257 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyer M, Prager R, Robinson A et al. Efficacy and safety of insulin glulisine in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Horm. Metab. Res.37(11), 702–707 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamori R, Kadowaki T, Ishii H, Iwasaki M, Iwamoto Y. Efficacy and safety of insulin glulisine in Japanese patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes. Metab.11(9), 891–899 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dailey G, Rosenstock J, Moses RG, Ways K. Insulin glulisine provides improved glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care27(10), 2363–2368 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamori R, Iwamoto Y, Kadowaki T et al. Effects of insulin glulisine as mono- or add-on therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes. Metab.11(9), 900–909 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rayman G, Profozic V, Middle M. Insulin glulisine imparts effective glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.76(2), 304–312 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankisch MR, Ferlinz KC, Leahy JL, Scherbaum WA. Introducing a simplified approach to insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes: a comparison of two single-dose regimens of insulin glulisine plus insulin glargine and oral antidiabetic drugs. Diabetes Obes. Metab.10(12), 1178–1185 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankisch M, Siegmund T, Ferlinz K, Scherbaum WA. Stepwise intensification of a basal insulin glargine regimen in patients close to the metabolic target (A1c 7.0–7.5%): is it worth adding a single daily injection of insulin glulisine? Subanalysis of the OPAL study. Diabetes58(Suppl. 1), (2009) (Abstract A2086-PO).
   Google Scholar
• Owens D, Sert-Langeron C, Riddle MR. Adding a single dose of insulin glulisine to basal insulin glargine plus oral antihyperglycemic drug therapy improves glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a 6-month proof-of-concept study. Diabetes58(Suppl. 1), (2009) (Abstract A458-P).
   Google Scholar
• Raccah D, Haak T, Huet D et al. Stepwise intensification of prandial insulin versus basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients (pts) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes59(Suppl. 1), (2010) (Abstract A555-P).
   Google Scholar
• Davidson MB, Raskin P, Tanenberg R, Vlajnic A, Hollander P. Effects of 1, 2, or 3 prandial injections of insulin glulisine on glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes patients on insulin glargine and oral drugs. Diabetes58(Suppl. 1), (2009) (Abstract 496-P).
   Google Scholar
• Fritsche A, Larbig M, Owens D, Häring HU; GINGER study group. Comparison between a basal-bolus and a premixed insulin regimen in individuals with Type 2 diabetes – results of the GINGER study. Diabetes Obes. Metab.12(2), 115–123 (2010). Erratum in: Diabetes Obes. Metab.12(11), 1022 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsche A, Larbig M, Häring HU; The GINGER Study Group. A basal–bolus regimen of insulin glargine and insulin glulisine results in a lower rate of hypoglycaemia relative to endpoint HbA1c versus twice-daily premixed insulin in Type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetologia53(Suppl. 1), (2010) (Abstract A573).
   Google Scholar
• Garg SK, Rosenstock J, Ways K. Optimized basal-bolus insulin regimens in Type 1 diabetes: insulin glulisine versus regular human insulin in combination with basal insulin glargine. Endocr. Pract.11(1), 11–17 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wynne AG, Nakhle S, Brusco OA, Rendell MS, Vlajnic A, Ratner RE. Influence of preprandial vs postprandial insulin glulisine on A1c and body weight in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving basal insulin therapy: a multicenter, randomized, parallel, open-label study. Diabetes57(Suppl. 1), (2008) (Abstract A2664-PO).
   Google Scholar
• Philotheou A, Arslanian S, Blatniczky L, Peterkova V, Souhami E, Danne T. Comparable efficacy and safety of insulin glulisine and insulin lispro when given as part of a basal–bolus insulin regimen in a 26-week trial in pediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol. Ther.13(3), 327–334 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Zisman A et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with Type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial). Diabetes Care30(9), 2181–2186 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Jacobs S et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with Type 2 diabetes undergoing general surgery (RABBIT 2 surgery). Diabetes Care34(2), 256–261 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Patient-reported outcomes and diabetes technology: a systematic review of the literature. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Rev.7(Suppl. 3), 405–412 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Testa MA, Blonde L, Gill J, Turner RR, Simonson DC. Patient-centered outcomes and glycemic variability in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: a cross-over trial of insulin glargine + glulisine vs premix analogue insulin. Diabetologia53(Suppl. 1), (2010) (Abstract A991).
   Google Scholar
• Senesh G, Bushi D, Neta A, Yodfat O. Compatibility of insulin lispro, aspart, and glulisine with the Solo MicroPump, a novel miniature insulin pump. J. Diabetes Sci. Technol.4(1), 104–110 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoogma RP, Schumicki D. Safety of insulin glulisine when given by continuous subcutaneous infusion using an external pump in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Horm. Metab. Res.38, 429–433 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Bon AC, Bode BW, Sert-Langeron C, Devries JH, Charpentier G. Insulin glulisine compared to insulin aspart and to insulin lispro administered by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Technol. Ther. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2010.0224 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Kerr D, Morton J, Whately-Smith C, Everett J, Begley JP. Laboratory-based non-clinical comparison of occlusion rates using three rapid-acting insulin analogs in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion catheters using low flow rates. J. Diabetes Sci. Technol.2(3), 450–455 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Storms G, Colin I, Veneman T, Mathieu C. Switching from premixed insulin to basal–bolus insulin glargine plus rapid-acting insulin: results of the ATLANTIC study. Diabetologia53(Suppl. 1), A962 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber SA, Fiesselmann A, Bornstein SR, Landgraf W. Insulin analogues insulin glargine and insulin glulisine in Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Stoffw. Herz.20, 69–77 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochlitz H, Schaaf N-S, Donaubauer B. Introducing insulin glulisine in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with insulin glargine in a real-life setting. Diabet. Med.25(Suppl.), 47 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winkler G, Martinka E, Genestin E, Bouter KP. Interim results of APIWATCH: a meta-analysis of pan-European real-life investigations with insulin glulisine to control HbA1c in Type 1 diabetes. Diabet. Med.26(Suppl. 1), 1–199 (2009) (Abstract P381).
   Google Scholar
• Bouter KP, Martinka E, Genestin E, Winkler G. Interim results of APIWATCH: a meta-analysis of pan-European real-life investigations with insulin glulisine to control HbA1c in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet. Med.26(Suppl. 1), 1–199 (2009) (Abstract P333).
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch IB. Insulin analogues. N. Engl. J. Med.352(2), 174–183 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakatzi I, Ramrath S, Ledwig D et al. A novel insulin analog with unique properties: LysB3,GluB29 insulin induces prominent activation of insulin receptor substrate 2, but marginal phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1. Diabetes52(9), 2227–2238 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer D, Shukla A, Enzmann H. Proliferative effects of insulin analogues on mammary epithelial cells. Arch. Physiol. Biochem.114(1), 38–44 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shukla A, Enzmann H, Mayer D. Proliferative effect of Apidra (insulin glulisine), a rapid-acting insulin analogue on mammary epithelial cells. Arch. Physiol. Biochem.115(3), 119–126 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar