Prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: proposal for a comprehensive approach

References

• Jones KL, Smith DW, Ulleland CN, Streissguth AP. Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet1, 1267–1271 (1973).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DW. The fetal alcohol syndrome. Hosp. Pract.14(10), 121–128 (1979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarren SK, Smith DW. The fetal alcohol syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med.298, 1063–1067 (1978).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Malley KD, Hagerman RJ. Developing clinical practice guidelines for pharmacological interventions with alcohol-affected children. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coordinating Committee on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. National Institute on Alcohol. Abuse and Alcoholism, Chevy Chase, MA, USA, 145–177 (1998)
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fetal alcohol syndrome – Alaska, Arizona, Colorado and New York 1995–1997. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.514, 433–435 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• May PA, Gossage JP. Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome, a summary. Alcohol Res. Health25(3), 159–167 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sampson PD, Streissguth AP, Bookstein F et al. Incidence of FAS and prevalence of ARND. Teratology56, 317–326 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• May PA, Gossage JP, Kalberg WO et al. Prevalence and epidemiololgic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.15, 176–192 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, Treatment. Stratton, KR, Howe CJ, Battaglia PC. (Eds). National Academy Press, WA, USA (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Riley EP, McGee CL. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: an overview with emphasis on changes in brain and behavior. Exp. Biol. Med.230, 357–365 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck L, Johnson C, Morrow B et al.PRAMS 1999 Surveillance Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Sampson PD, Barr HM. Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol III PLS analysis of neuropsycholic tests. Neurotoxicol. Teratol.11, 493–507 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarren SK, Astley SJ, Gunderson VM, Spellman D. Cognitive and behavioral deficits in nonhuman primates associated with very early embryonic binge exposures and ethanol. J. Pediatrics121, 789–796 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler H, Lee JE, Kuo M, Seibring M, Nelson TF, Lee H. Trends in college binge drinking during a period of increased prevention efforts: findings from 4 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study surveys: 1993–2001. J. Am. Coll. Health50(5), 203–217 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachausse RG. The effectiveness of a multimedia program to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome. Health Promot. Pract.9(3), 289–293 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calabro K, Taylor WC, Kapadia A. Pregnancy, alcohol use and the effectiveness of written health education materials. Patient Educ. Couns.29(3), 301–309 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belizan JM, Barros F, Langer A, Farnot U, Victora C, Villar J. Impact of health education during pregnancy on behaviour and utilization of health resources. Latin American Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Research. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.173(3 Pt 1), 894–899 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awopetu O, Brimacombe M, Cohen D. Fetal alcohol syndrome disorder pilot media intervention in New Jersey. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol.15(1), E124–E131 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Mengel MB, Ulione M, Wedding D, Jones ET, Shum D. Increasing FASD knowledge by a targeted media campaign: outcome determined by message frequency. Int. J. Fetal Alcohol Syndr.3, E13 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Walker DS, Fischer CS, Sherman A, Wybrecht B, Kyndeley K. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders perception: an exploratory study of women’s use of, and attitudes toward, and knowledge about alcohol. J. Am. Acad. Nurse Practition.17(5), 187–193 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bowerman RJ. The effect of a community-supported alcohol ban on prenatal alcohol and other substance abuse. Am. J. Public Health87(8), 1378–1379 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tough SC, Clarke ME, Hicks M, Clarren SK. Attitudes and approaches of Canadian providers to preconception counselling and the prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. J. FAS Int.3, E2 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Floyd RL, Ebrahim S, Tsai J, O’Connor M, Sokol R. Strategies to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Matern. Child Health J.10, S149–S151 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis PM, Carey TL, La CB. Needs assessment and current practice of alcohol risk assessment of pregnant women and women of childbearing age by primary healthcare professionals. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol.15(2), E214–E222 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy C, Finelstein N, Hutchins E, Mahoney J. Improving screening for alcohol use during pregnancy. Matern. Child Health J.8(3), 137–147 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkes T, Poole N, Salmon A, Greaves L, Urquhart C. Double Exposure: A Better Practices Review on Alcohol Interventions During Pregnancy. Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Handmaker NS, Wilbourne P. Motivational interventions in prenatal clinics. Alcohol Res. Health25(3), 219–229 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Manwell LB, Fleming MF, Mundt MP, Stauffacher EA, Barry KL. Treatment of problem alcohol use in women of childbearing age: results of a brief intervention trial. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res.24(10), 1517–1524 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor MJ, Whaley SE. Brief intervention for alcohol use by pregnant women.Am. J. Public Health97(2), 252–258 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang G, McNamara TR, Orav EJ et al. Brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: a randomized trial. Obstet. Gynecol.105(5), 9910–9998 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Floyd RL, Sobell M, Velasquez MM et al. Preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Prevent. Med.32(1), 1–10 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The project CHOICES Intervention Research Group reducing the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies: a study of a motivational intervention in community settings. Pediatrics111, 1131–1135 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astley SJ, Bailey D, Talbot C, Clarren SK. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) primary prevention through FAS diagnosis: II. A comprehensive profile of 80 birth mothers of children with FAS. Alcohol Alcohol.35(5), 509–519 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badry D. Birth mothers of fetal alcohol syndrome children. In: Social Justice in Context. Volume 3. 2007–2008. Jackson MJ, Pickard MJ, Brawner EW (Eds). Carolyn Freeze Baynes Institute for Social Justice, East Carolina University, NC, USA (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Grant T, Huggins J, Connor P et al. A pilot community intervention for young women with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Community Ment. Health J.40, 499–511 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant TM, Ernst C, Streissguth A, Stark A. preventing alcohol and drug exposed births in washington state: intervention findings from three parent–child assistance program sites. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse31(3), 471–490 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingol N, Schuster C, Fuchs M et al. The influences of socioeconomic factors on the occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrome. Adv. Alcohol Subst. Abuse6(4), 105–118 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• George A. The Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Risks on Children’s Health, Behaviour, and Academic Abilities. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Abel EA. Maternal risk factors in fetal alcohol syndrome: provocative and permissive influences. Neurotoxicol. Teratol.17(4), 445–462 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An-Pyan S. Principles for practice with substance-abusing pregnant women: a framework based on the five social work intervention roles. Social Work49(3), 383–394 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne S. With Child: Substance Use During Pregnancy, A Woman-Centred Approach. Boyd S, Marcellus L (Eds). Fernwood Publishing, BC, Canada (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Poole N. Evaluation Report of the Sheway Project for High Risk Pregnant and Parenting Women. Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, BC, Canada (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Salmon A. Adaptation and decolonization: the role of ‘culturally appropriate’ health education in the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome. Can. J. Native Education30(2), 257–273 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Salmon A. Beyond shame and blame: aboriginal mothers, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and barriers to care. In: Highs and Lows: Women and Substance in Canada. Greaves L, Poole N (Eds). Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Leslie M, Roberts G. Enhancing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)-Related Interventions at the Prenatal and Early Childhood Stages in Canada. Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, ON, Canada (2001).
   Google Scholar