Injury in motor vehicle accidents during pregnancy: a pregnant issue

References

• Miniño AM, Anderson RN, Fingerhut LA, Boudreault MA, Warner M. Deaths: injuries, 2002. Natl Vital Stat. Rep.54(10), 1–124 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Chapter 12: Trauma in Women. In: Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors: Student Course Manual (8th Edition). American College of Surgeons, IL, USA, 259–268 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• ACOG educational bulletin. Obstetric aspects of trauma management. Number 251, September 1998. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet.64, 87–94 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bobrowski RA. Pulmonary physiology in pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol.53(2), 285–300 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wise RA, Polito AJ, Krishnan V. Respiratory physiologic changes in pregnancy. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am.26, 1–12 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAuliffe F, Kametas N, Costello J, Rafferty GF, Greenough A, Nicolaides K. Respiratory function in singleton and twin pregnancy. BJOG109(7), 765–769 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milne JA, Howie AD, Pack AI. Dyspnoea during normal pregnancy. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.85(4), 260–263 (1978).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen D, Wolfe LA, Slatkovska L, Webb KA, Davies GA, O’Donnell DE. Effects of human pregnancy on the ventilatory chemoreflex response to carbon dioxide. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.288(5), R1369–R1375 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein IM, Ziegler W, Badger GJ. Plasma volume expansion in early pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol.97(5 Pt 1), 669–672 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker PG, Macphail S, Lind T. Serial hematologic changes and pregnancy outcome. Obstet. Gynecol.88(1), 33–39 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veille JC, Kitzman DW, Millsaps PD, Kilgo PD. Left ventricular diastolic filling response to stationary bicycle exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.185(4), 822–827 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fio K, Wilsgaard T, Vårtun A, Acharya G. A longitudinal study of the relationship between maternal cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography and uterine artery blood flow in the second half of pregnancy. BJOG117(7), 837–844 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duvekot JJ, Cheriex EC, Pieters FA, Menheere PP, Peeters LH. Early pregnancy changes in hemodynamics and volume homeostasis are consecutive adjustments triggered by a primary fall in systemic vascular tone. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.169(6), 1382–1392 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabie WC, DiSessa TG, Crocker LG, Sibai BM, Arheart KL. A longitudinal study of cardiac output in normal human pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.170(3), 849–856 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein PK, Hagley MT, Cole PL, Domitrovich PP, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN. Changes in 24-hour heart rate variability during normal pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.180(4), 978–985 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieniarz J, Gulin L, Arnt IC, Hashimoto T, Saguier V, Caldeyro-Barcia R. Aortoiliac compression by uterus containing hydrocephalic fetus. Obstet. Gynecol.31(1), 90–96 (1968).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinsella SM, Lohmann G. Supine hypotensive syndrome Obstet. Gynecol.83(5 Pt 1), 774–788 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham FG, Hauth JC, Leveno K, Gilstrap L, Bloom SL, Wenstrom KD. Maternal physiology. In: Williams Obstetrics (22nd Edition). McGraw-Hill Companies, OH, USA, 73 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Weiss HB, Strotmeyer A. Characteristics of pregnant women in motor vehicle crashes. Inj. Prev.8, 207–210 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shah KH, Simons RK, Holbrook T, Fortlage D, Winchell RJ, Hoyt DB. Trauma in pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes. J. Trauma45, 83–86 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ali J, Yeo A, Gana TJ, McLellan BA. Predictors of fetal mortality in pregnant trauma patients. J. Trauma42, 782–785 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuo C, Jamieson DJ, McPheeters ML, Meikle SF, Posner SF. Injury hospitalizations of pregnant women in the United States, 2002. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.196, 161.e1–161.e6 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Hyde LK, Cook LJ, Olson LM, Weiss HB, Dean JM. Effect of motor vehicle crashes on adverse fetal outcomes. Obstet. Gynecol.102, 279–286 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff M, Albers L, McFeeley P. Motor vehicle crashes and maternal mortality in New Mexico: the significance of seat belt use. West J. Med.167, 19–22 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cusick SS, Tibbles CD. Trauma in pregnancy. Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am.25, 861–872 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss HB, Sauber-Schatz EK, Cook LJ. The epidemiology of pregnancy-associated emergency department injury visits and their impact on birth outcomes. Accid. Anal. Prev.40(3), 1088–1095 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie EJ, Rivara FP, Jurkovich GJ et al. A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality. N. Engl. J. Med.354, 366–378 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awwad JT, Azar GB, Seoud MA, Mroueh AM, Karam KS. High-velocity penetrating wounds of the gravid uterus: review of 16 years of civil war. Obstet. Gynecol.83(2), 259–264 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sela HY, Shveiky D, Laufer N, Hersch M, Einav S. Pregnant women injured in terror-related multiple casualty incidents: injuries and outcomes. J. Trauma64(3), 727–732 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franger AL, Buchsbaum HJ, Peaceman AM. Abdominal gunshot wounds in pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.160(5 Pt 1), 1124–1128 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone IK. Trauma in the obstetric patient, Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am.26(3), 459–467 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bowen E, Heron J, Waylen A, Wolke D; ALSPAC Study Team. Domestic violence risk during and after pregnancy: findings from a British longitudinal study. BJOG112(8), 1083–1089 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schiff MA, Holt VL, Daling JR. Maternal and infant outcomes after injury during pregnancy in Washington State from 1989 to 1997. J. Trauma53(5), 939–945 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curet M, Schermer C, Demarest G, Bieneik E, Curet L. Predictors of outcome in trauma during pregnancy: identification of patients who can be monitored for less than 6 hours. J. Trauma49(1), 18–25 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aboutanos SZ, Aboutanos MB, Dompkowski D, Duane TM, Malhotra AK, Ivatury RR. Predictors of fetal outcome in pregnant trauma patients: a five-year institutional review. Am. Surg.73(8), 824–827 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schiff MA, Holt VL. Pregnancy outcomes following hospitalization for motor vehicle crashes in Washington State from 1989 to 2001. Am. J. Epidemiol.161(6), 503–510 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboutanos MB, Aboutanos SZ, Dompkowski D, Duane TM, Malhotra AK, Ivatury RR. Significance of motor vehicle crashes and pelvic injury on fetal mortality: a five-year institutional review. J. Trauma65(3), 616–620 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kvarnstrand L, Milsom I, Lekander T, Druid H, Jacobsson B. Maternal fatalities, fetal and neonatal deaths related to motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy: a national population-based study. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.87(9), 946–952 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill AG, Bastek JA, Stamilio DM et al. Minor trauma in pregnancy – is the evaluation unwarranted? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.198.e1–198.e5 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Greene W, Robinson L, Rizzo AG et al. Pregnancy is not a sufficient indicator for trauma team activation. J. Trauma63, 550–555 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pracht EE, Langland-Orban B, Tepas JJ 3rd, Celso BG, Flint L. Analysis of trends in the Florida Trauma System (1991–2003): changes in mortality after establishment of new centers. Surgery140(1), 34–43 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fildes J, Reed L, Jones N. Trauma: the leading cause of maternal death. J. Trauma32, 643–645 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grossman NB. Blunt trauma in pregnancy. Am. Fam. Physician70, 1303–1310 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers FB, Rozycki GS, Osler TM. A multi-institutional study of factors associated with fetal death in injured pregnant patients. Arch. Surg.13, 1274–1277 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• El-Kady D, Gilbert WM, Anderson J, Danielsen B, Towner D, Smith LH. Trauma during pregnancy: an analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes in a large population. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.190(6), 1661–1668 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsi PR, Rasslan S, de Oliveira LB, Kronfly FS, Marinho VP. Trauma in pregnant women: analysis of maternal and fetal mortality. Injury30(4), 239–243 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usui R, Matsubara S, Ohkuchi A et al. Fetal heart rate pattern reflecting the severity of placental abruption. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet.277(3), 249–253 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hladky K, Yankowitz J, Hansen WF. Placental abruption. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv.57(5), 299–305 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyelese Y, Ananth CV. Placental abruption. Obstet. Gynecol.108(4), 1005–1016 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir LF, Pierce BT, Vazquez JO. Complete fetal transection after a motor vehicle collision Obstet. Gynecol.111(2 Pt 2), 530–532 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dittrich KC. Rupture of the gravid uterus secondary to motor vehicle trauma. J. Emerg. Med.14(2), 177–180 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aufforth R, Edhayan E, Dempah D. Should pregnancy be a sole criterion for trauma code activation: a review of the trauma registry. Am. J. Surg.199(3), 387–389 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris JA Jr, Rosenbower TJ, Jurkovich GJ et al. Infant survival after cesarean section for trauma. Ann. Surg.223(5), 481–488 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patteson SK, Snider CC, Meyer DS et al. The consequences of high-risk behaviors: trauma during pregnancy. J. Trauma62(4), 1015–1020 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Theodorou DA, Velmahos GC, Souter I et al. Fetal death after trauma in pregnancy. Am. Surg.66(9), 809–812 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito TJ, Gens DR, Smith LG, Scorpio R, Buchman T. Trauma during pregnancy. A review of 79 cases. Arch. Surg.126(9), 1073–1078 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katz VL, Dotters DJ, Droegemueller W. Perimortem cesarean delivery. Obstet. Gynecol.68, 571–576 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz V, Balderston K, DeFreest M. Perimortem cesarean delivery: were our assumptions correct? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.192(6), 1916–1920 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkman A, Huisman CM, Smit M et al. Cardiac arrest in pregnancy: increasing use of perimortem caesarean section due to emergency skills training? BJOG117(3), 282–287 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pak LL, Reece EA, Chan L. Is adverse pregnancy outcome predictable after blunt abdominal trauma? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.179(5), 1140–1144 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin TM, Breen MT. Pregnancy outcome and fetomaternal hemorrhage after noncatastrophic trauma. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.162(3), 665–671 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperry JL, Casey BM, McIntire DD, Minei JP, Gentilello LM, Shafi S. Long-term fetal outcomes in pregnant trauma patients. Am. J. Surg.192(6), 715–721 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss HB, Songer TJ, Fabio A. Fetal deaths related to maternal injury. JAMA286, 1863–1868 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper M, Parsons L. Maternal deaths due to homicide and other injuries in North Carolina: 1992–1994. Obstet. Gynecol.90, 920–923 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motozawa Y, Hitosugi M, Abe T, Tokudome S. Effects of seat belts worn by pregnant drivers during low-impact collisions. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.203(1), 62.e1–8 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Schiff M, Albers L, McFeeley P. Motor vehicle crashes and maternal mortality in New Mexico: the significance of seat belt use. West J. Med.167(1), 19–22 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klinich KD, Flannagan CA, Rupp JD, Sochor M, Schneider LW, Pearlman MD. Fetal outcome in motor-vehicle crashes: effects of crash characteristics and maternal restraint. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.198(4), 450.e1–9 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff MA, Mack CD, Kaufman RP, Holt VL, Grossman DC. The effect of air bags on pregnancy outcomes in Washington State: 2002–2005. Obstet. Gynecol.115(1), 85–92 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dick WF, Baskett PJ, Grande C et al. Recommendations for uniform reporting of data following major trauma – the Utstein style. An International Trauma Anaesthesia and Critical Care Society (ITACCS) initiative. Br. J. Anaesth.84(6), 818–819 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aitokallio-Tallberg A, Halmesmaki E. Motor vehicle accident during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.76(4), 313–317 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Towery R, English TP, Wisner D. Evaluation of pregnant women after blunt injury. Trauma35(5), 731–735 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bochicchio GV, Napolitano LM, Haan J, Champion H, Scalea T. Incidental pregnancy in trauma patients. J. Am. Coll. Surg.192(5), 566–569 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oyelese Y, Smulian JC. Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa. Obstet. Gynecol.107(4), 927–941 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirza FG, Devine PC, Gaddipati S. Trauma in pregnancy: a systematic approach. Am. J. Perinatol.27(7), 579–586 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 299. Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol.104(3), 647–651 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein MP. Imaging of traumatic injuries in pregnancy. Am. Roentgen. Radiol. Soc.2, 203–210 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Enein M, Zina AA, Kassem M, el-Tabbakh G. Echocardiography of the pericardium in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol.69(6), 851–853 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houston LE, Odibo AO, Macones GA. The safety of obstetrical ultrasound: a review. Prenat. Diagn.29(13), 1204–1212 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin H, Holmes JF, Wisner DH. Abdominal ultrasound examination in pregnant blunt trauma patients. J. Trauma50(4), 689–693 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sirlin CB, Casola G, Brown MA et al. US of blunt abdominal trauma: importance of free pelvic fluid in women of reproductive age. Radiology219(1), 229–235 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richards JR, Ormsby EL, Romo MV et al. Blunt abdominal injury in the pregnant patient: detection with US. Radiology233(2), 463–470 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manriquez M, Srinivas G, Bollepalli S, Britt L, Drachman D. Is computed tomography a reliable diagnostic modality in detecting placental injuries in the setting of acute trauma? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(6), 611.e1–5 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Wakeford R. Childhood leukaemia following medical diagnostic exposure to ionizing radiation in utero or after birth. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry132(2), 166–174 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen MM, Coakley FV, Kaimal A, Laros RK Jr. Guidelines for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging use during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet. Gynecol.112(2 Pt 1), 333–340 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements H, Duncan KR, Fielding K, Gowland PA, Johnson IR, Baker PN. Infants exposed to MRI in utero have a normal paediatric assessment at 9 months of age. Br. J. Radiol.73, 190–194 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hruska KM, Coughlin BF, Coggins AA, Wiczyk HP. MRI diagnosis of spontaneous uterine rupture of an unscarred uterus. Emerg. Radiol.12(4), 186–188 (2006)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vadnais M, Awtrey C, Pedrosa I. Breaking point: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of an obstetric emergency. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.200(3), 344.e1–344.e3 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe TA, Miller CM, Merkle EM. Practice patterns in imaging of the pregnant patient with abdominal pain: a survey of academic centers. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol.189(5), 1128–1134 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chandraharan E, Arulkumaran S. Prevention of birth asphyxia: responding appropriately to cardiotocograph (CTG) traces. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.21(4), 609–624 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grivell RM, Alfirevic Z, Gyte GM, Devane D. Antenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.1, CD007863 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Capogna G. Effect of epidural analgesia on the fetal heart rate. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.98(2), 160–164 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Higgins SD, Garite TJ. Late abruptio placenta in trauma patients: implications for monitoring. Obstet. Gynecol.63(Suppl. 3), 10S–12S (1984).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kettel LM, Branch DW, Scott JR. Occult placental abruption after maternal trauma. Obstet. Gynecol.71(3 Pt 2), 449–453 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbassi-Ghanavati M, Greer LG, Cunningham FG. Pregnancy and laboratory studies: a reference table for clinicians. Obstet. Gynecol.114(6), 1326–1331 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose PG, Strohm PL, Zuspan FP. Fetomaternal hemorrhage following trauma. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.153(8), 844–847 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wylie BJ, D’Alton ME. Fetomaternal hemorrhage. Obstet. Gynecol.115(5), 1039–1051 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhanraj D, Lambers D. The incidences of positive Kleihauer–Betke test in low-risk pregnancies and maternal trauma patients. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.190(5), 1461–1463 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muench MV, Baschat AA, Reddy UM et al. Kleihauer–Betke testing is important in all cases of maternal trauma. J. Trauma57(5), 1094–1098 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iams JD, Berghella V. Care for women with prior preterm birth. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.203(2), 89–100 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field DR, Gates EA, Creasy RK, Jonsen AR, Laros RK Jr. Maternal brain death during pregnancy. Medical and ethical issues. JAMA260, 816–822 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein IM, Watson M, Simmons GM, Catalano PM, Davis G, Collins R. Maternal brain death and prolonged fetal survival. Obstet. Gynecol.74, 434–437 (1989).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman DM, Borgida AF, Rodis JF, Campbell WA. Irreversible maternal brain injury during pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv.55, 708–714 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnerty JJ, Chisholm CA, Chapple H, Login IS, Pinkerton JV. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation in pregnancy: presentation and neurologic, obstetric, and ethical significance. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.181, 296–303 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anstotz C. Should a brain-dead pregnant woman carry her child to full term? The case of the ‘Erlanger baby’. Bioethics7, 340–350 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mallampalli A, Guy E. Cardiac arrest in pregnancy and somatic support after brain death. Crit. Care Med.33, S325–S331 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Souza JP, Oliveira-Neto A, Surita FG, Cecatti JG, Amaral E, Pinto e Silva JL. The prolongation of somatic support in a pregnant woman with brain-death: a case report. Reprod. Health3, 3 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Powner DJ, Bernstein IM. Extended somatic support for pregnant women after brain death. Crit. Care Med.31, 1241–1249 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung P Jr, McManus C, Tchabo JG. Extended somatic support for a pregnant woman with brain death from metastatic malignant melanoma: a case report. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med.21, 509–511 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mejía R, Badariotti G, De Diego B, Ridruejo O, O’Flaherty E. Brain death in a pregnant woman and fetus survival. Medicina (B. Aires)68(6), 447–452 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bernstein IM, Watson M, Simmons GM, Catalano PM, Davis G, Collins R. Maternal brain death and prolonged fetal survival. Obstet. Gynecol.74, 434–437 (1989).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar