43
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Mechanisms of corneal allergic reaction: new options for treatment

&
Pages 545-556 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • Tuft SJ, Kemeny DM, Dart JK, Buckley RJ. Clinical features of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology98(2), 150–158 (1991).
  • Tabbara KF. Ocular complications of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Can. J. Ophthalmol.34(2), 88–92 (1999).
  • Patel SP, Dana R. Corneal lymphangiogenesis: implications in immunity. Semin. Ophthalmol.24, 135–138 (2009).
  • Niederkorn JY. Immune privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye. Crit. Rev. Immunol.22, 13–46 (2002).
  • Hamrah P, Dana MR. Corneal antigen-presenting cells. Chem. Immunol. Allergy92, 58–70 (2007).
  • Hamrah P, Huq SO, Liu Y et al. Corneal immunity is mediated by heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells. J. Leukoc. Bio.74, 172–178 (2003).
  • Bacon AS, Tuft SJ, Metz DM et al. The origin of keratopathy in chronic allergic eye disease: a histopathological study. Eye7(Suppl.), 21–25 (1993).
  • Leonardi A, DeFranchis G, Zancanaro F et al. Identification of local Th2 and Th0 lymphocytes in vernal conjunctivitis by cytokine flow cytometry. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.40, 3036–3040 (1999).
  • Leonardi A, Motterle L, Bortolotti M. Allergy and the eye. Clin. Exp. Immunol.153, S17–S21 (2008).
  • Kumagai N, Fukuda K, Fujitsu Y et al. Role of structural cells of the cornea and conjunctiva in the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Prog. Retin. Eye Res.25, 165–187 (2006).
  • Tanaka M, Dogru M, Takano Y et al. The relation of conjunctival and corneal findings in severe ocular allergies. Cornea23, 464–467 (2004).
  • Oboki K, Ohno T, Saito H, Nakae S. Th17 and allergy. Allergology Int.57, 121–134 (2008).
  • Leonardi A, Brun P, Abatangelo G et al. Tear levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.44, 3052–3058 (2003).
  • Messmer EM, May CA, Stefani FH et al. Toxic eosinophil granule protein deposition in corneal ulcerations and scars associated with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Am. J. Ophthalmol.134, 816–821 (2002).
  • Trocme SD, Kephart GM, Allansmith MR et al. Conjunctival deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein in vernal keratoconjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. Am. J. Ophthalmol.108, 57–63 (1989).
  • Leonardi A, Jose P, Zhan et al. Tear and mucus eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2 in allergic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology110, 487–492 (2003).
  • Avunduk AM, Avunduk MC, Dayanir V, Tekelioglu Y, Dayioglu YS. A flow cytometric study about the immunopathology of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.101, 821–824 (1998).
  • Saitou T, Fukuchi T, Tazawa H, Sakaue F, Sawaguchi S, Iwata K. Histopathology of corneal plaque in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi.97, 201–209 (1993).
  • Inatomi T, Spurr-Michaud S, Tisdale A, Zhan Q. Expression of secretory mucin genes by humans. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.37, 1684–1692 (1996).
  • Dogru M, Okada N, Asano-Kato N et al. Ocular surface and MUC5AC alterations in atopic patients with corneal shield ulcers. Curr. Eye Res.30, 897–905 (2005).
  • Dogru M, Matsumoto Y, Okada N et al. Alterations of the ocular surface epithelial MUC16 and goblet cell MUC5AC in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Allergy63, 1324–1334 (2008).
  • Dogru M, Okada N, Asano-Kato N et al. Alterations of the ocular surface epithelial mucins 1, 2, 4 and the tear functions in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Clin. Exp. Allergy36, 1556–1565 (2006).
  • Dogru M, Ozmen A, Ertürk H, Sanli O, Karatas A. Changes in tear function and the ocular surface after topical olopatadine treatment for allergic conjunctivitis: an open-label study. Clin. Ther.24(8), 1309–1321 (2002).
  • Hu Y, Matsumoto Y, Adan ES et al. Corneal in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology15(11), 2004–2412 (2008).
  • Sack R, Conradi L, Beaton A, Sathe S, McNamara N, Leonardi A. Antibody array characterisation of inflammatory mediators in allergic and nomral tears in the open and closed eye environments. Exp. Eye Res.85, 528–538 (2007).
  • Iqbal A, Jan S, Babar TF, Khan MD. Corneal complications of vernal catarrh. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak.13(7), 394–397 (2003).
  • Cameron JA. Shield ulcers and plaques of the cornea in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology102, 985–993 (1995).
  • Shakiba Y, Mansouri K, Arshadi D, Rezaei N. Corneal neovascularization: molecular events and therapeutic options. Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug. Discov.3, 221–231 (2009).
  • Sangwan VS, Murthy SI, Vemuuganti GK, Bansal AK, Gangopadhyay N, Rao GN. Cultivated corneal epithelial transplantation for severe ocular surface disease in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea24, 426–430 (2005).
  • Hilgartner HL, Hilgartner HL Jr, Gilbert JT. A preliminary report of a case of keratoconus successfully treated with organotherapy, radium and shortwave diathermy. Am. J. Ophthalmol.20, 1032–1039 (1937).
  • Weed KH, MacEwen CJ, Giles T, Low J, McGhee CN. The Dundee University Scottish Keratoconus study: demographics, corneal signs, associated diseases, and eye rubbing. Eye22(4), 534–541 (2008).
  • Gasset AR, Hinson WA, Frias JL. Keratoconus and atopic disease. Ann. Ophthalmol.10, 991–994 (1978).
  • Totan Y, Hepşen IF, Cekiç O et al. Incidence of keratoconus in subjects with vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a videokeratographic study. Ophthalmology108, 824–827 (2001).
  • Ebihara N, Funaki T, Matsuda H, Okumura K, Murakami A, Ra C. Corneal abnormalities in the NC/Nga mouse: an atopic dermatitis model. Cornea27, 923–929 (2008).
  • Demirbas NH, Pflugfelder SC. Topographic pattern and apex location of keratoconus on elevation topography maps. Cornea17, 476–484 (1998).
  • Kaya V, Karakaya M, Utine CA et al. Evaluation of the corneal topographic characteristics of keratoconus with orbscan II in patients with and without atopy. Cornea26, 945–948 (2007).
  • Smith VA, Matthews FJ, Majid MA et al. Keratoconus: matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation and TIMP modulation. Biochem. Biophys. Acta1762, 431–439 (2006).
  • Mackiewicz Z, Määttä M, Stenman M et al. Collagenolytic proteinases in keratoconus. Cornea25, 603–610 (2006).
  • Cameron JA, Al-Rajhi AA, Badr IA. Corneal ectasia in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology96, 1615–1623 (1989).
  • Koulikovska M, van der Ploeg I, Herrmann B et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and chlamydia are not detectable by PCR in ongoing vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.9, 253–257 (2001).
  • Baker BS. The role of microorganisms in atopic dermatitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol.144(1), 1–9 (2006).
  • Kaiserman I, Kaiserman N, Elhayany A et al. Increased risk for herpetic eye disease in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Curr. Eye Res.31, 721–725 (2006).
  • Rezende RA, Hammersmith K, Bisol T et al. Comparative study of ocular herpes simplex virus in patients with and without self-reported atopy. Am. J. Ophthalmol.141(6), 1120–1125 (2006).
  • Gedik S, Akova YA, Gür S. Secondary bacterial keratitis associated with shield ulcer caused by vernal conjunctivitis. Cornea25, 974–976 (2006).
  • Kerr N, Stern GA. Bacterial keratitis associated with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea11(4), 355–359 (1992).
  • Tanure MA, Cohen EJ, Sudesh S, Rapuano CJ, Laibson PR. Spectrum of fungal keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cornea19, 307–312 (2000).
  • Arora R, Gupta S, Raina UK et al. Penicillium keratitis in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Indian J. Ophthalmol.50, 215–216 (2002).
  • Sridhar MS, Gopinathan U, Rao GN. Fungal keratitis associated with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea22, 80–81 (2003).
  • Lambiase A, Manni L, Bonini S et al. Nerve growth factor promotes corneal healing: structural, biochemical, and molecular analyses of rat and human corneas. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.41, 1063–1069 (2000).
  • Motterle L, Diebold Y, Enriquez de Salamanca A et al. Altered expression of neurotransmitter receptors and neuromediators in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Arch. Ophthalmol.124, 462–468 (2006).
  • Lambiase A, Minchiotti S, Leonardi A et al. Prospective, multicenter demographic and epidemiological study on vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a glimpse of ocular surface in Italian population. Ophthal. Epidemiol.16, 38–41 (2009).
  • Leonardi A, Bremond-Gignac D, Bortolotti M et al. Clinical and biological efficacy of preservative free NAAGA eye-dorps versus levocabastine eye-drops in vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Br. J. Ophthalmol.91(12), 1662–1666 (2007).
  • Leonardi A, DeFranchis G, De Paoli M, Fregona I, Plebani M, Secchi A. Histamine induced cytokine production and ICAM-1 expression in human conjunctival fibroblasts. Curr. Eye Res.25(3), 189–196 (2002).
  • McGhee CN, Dean S, Danesh-Meyer H. Locally administered ocular corticosteroids: benefits and risks. Drug Saf.25, 33–55 (2002).
  • Garrott HM, Walland MJ. Glaucoma from topical corticosteroids to the eyelids. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.32(6), 656–657 (2004).
  • Mantelli F, Santos MS, Petitti T et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on topical treatments for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Br. J. Ophthalmol.91(12), 1656–1661 (2007).
  • Fukushima A. Roles of T-cells in the development of allergic conjunctival diseases. Cornea26, S36–S40 (2007).
  • Leonardi A, De Dominicis C, Motterle L. Immunopathogenesis of ocular allergy: a schematic approach to different clinical entities. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.7, 429–435 (2007).
  • Cetinkaya A, Akova YA, Dursun D et al. Topical cyclosporine in the management of shield ulcers. Cornea23, 194–200 (2004).
  • Daniell M, Constantinou M, Vu HT et al. Randomized controlled trial of cyclosporine A in steroid dependent allergic conjunctivitis. Br. J. Ophthalmol.90, 461–464 (2006).
  • Ozcan AA, Ersoz TR, Dulger E. Management of severe allergic conjunctivitis with topical cyclosporin a 0.05% eyedrops. Cornea26, 1035–1038 (2007).
  • Akpek EK, Dart JK, Watson S et al. A randomized trial of topical cyclosporin 0.05% in topical steroid-resistant atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology111, 476–482 (2004).
  • Ebihara N, Ohashi Y, Uchio E et al. A large prospective observational study of novel cyclosporine 0.1% aqueous ophthalmic solution in the treatment of severe allergic conjunctivitis. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther.25, 365–372 (2009).
  • Saito H, Kato A, Matsumoto K. Role of mast cells in allergy. Nippon Rinsho.67, 2083–2087 (2009).
  • Atlas-Fox L, Barkanan Y, Ishakov V et al. Topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment for intractable allergic conjunctivitis: an open label pilot study. Curr. Eye Res.33, 545–549 (2008).
  • Miyazaki D, Tominaga T, Kakimaru-Hasegawa A, Nagata Y, Hasegawa J, Inoue Y. Therapeutic effects of tacrolimus ointment for refractory ocular surface inflammatory diseases. Ophthalmology115, 988–992 (2008).
  • Ohashi Y, Ebihara N, Fujishima H et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension 0.1% in severe allergic conjunctivitis. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther.26(2), 165–174 (2010).
  • Daniell M, Maini R, Tole D. Use of mitomycin C in the treatment of corneal conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.30, 94–98 (2002).
  • Akpek EK, Hasiripi H, Christen WG, Kalayci D. A randomized trial of low-dose, topical mitomycin-C in the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology107, 263–269 (2000).
  • Tanaka M, Takano Y, Dogru M et al. A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of intraoperative mitomycin-C use after the excision of cobblestone-like papillae in severe atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea23, 326–329 (2004).
  • van Wijngaarden P, Coster DJ, Williams KA. Inhibitors of ocular neovascularization: promises and potential problems. JAMA293, 1509–1513 (2005).
  • Fuurer E, Berdugo M, Stellar C et al. Pharmacokinetics and posterior segment biodistrobutiuon of ESBA~105, an anti-TNF-α single chain antiody, upon otpical administration to the rabbit eye. Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci.50, 771–778 (2009).
  • Bock F, Onderka J, Dietrich T et al. Bevacizumab as a potent inhibitor of inflammatory corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.48, 2545–2552 (2007).
  • Kim TI, Chung JL, Hong JP, Min K, Seo KY, Kim EK. Bevacizumab application delays epithelial healing in rabbit cornea. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.50, 4653–4659 (2009).
  • Brightling C, Berry M, Amrani Y. Targeting TNF-α: a novel therapeutic approach for asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.121, 5–10 (2008).
  • Belloni B, Andres C, Ollert M, Ring J, Mempel M. Novel immunological approaches in the treatment of atopic eczema. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.8, 423–427 (2008).
  • Ottiger M, Thiel MA, Feige U, Lichtlen P, Urech DM. Efficient intraocular penetration of topical anti-TNF-α single-chain antibody (ESBA105) to anterior and posterior segment without penetration enhancer. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.50, 779–786 (2009).
  • Korn S, Thielen A, Seyfried S, Taube C, Kornmann O, Buhl R. Omalizumab in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma in a real-life setting in Germany. Respir. Med.103, 1725–1731 (2009).
  • Rolinck-Werninghaus C, Hamelman E, Keil T et al. The co-seasonal application of anti-IgE after pre-seasonal specific immunotherapy decreases ocular and nasal symptom scores and rescue medication use in grass pollen allergic children. Allergy59, 973–979 (2004).
  • Röder E, Berger MY, de Groot H, van Wijk RG. Immunotherapy in children and adolescents with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: a systematic review. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol.19, 197–207 (2008).
  • Akdis M, Akdis CA. Therapeutic manipulation of immune tolerance in allergic disease. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.8, 645–660 (2009).
  • Rolland JM, Gardner LM, O’Hehir RE. Allergen-related approaches to immunotherapy. Pharmacol. Ther.121, 273–284 (2009).
  • Williams KA, Lowe M, Bartlett C, Kelly TL, Coster DJ; All Contibutors. Rick factors for human corneal graft failure within the Australian corneal graft registry. Transplantation86, 1720–1724 (2008).
  • Power WJ, Tugal-Tutkun I, Foster CS. Long-term follow-up of patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology105, 637–642 (1998).
  • Pelegrin L, Gris O, Adán A et al. Superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane patch in the treatment of corneal plaque of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Eur. J. Ophthalmol.18, 131–133 (2008).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.