329
Views
76
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

First-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: current research and perspectives

, , , , , & show all
Pages 47-60 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Jemal A, Tiwari RC, Murray T et al. Cancer statistics, 2004. CA Cancer J. Clin.54(1), 8–29 (2004).
  • Young JA, Garretson F, Westlake DL, Illig WP, Vogl SE. Intraperitoneal cisplatin with intravenous cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin for previously untreated stage III and IV ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Invest.7(6), 565–570 (1989).
  • Jemal A, Murray T, Samuels A, Ghafoor A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2003. CA Cancer J. Clin.53(1), 5–26 (2003).
  • Heintz AP, Odicino F, Maisonneuve P et al. Carcinoma of the ovary. FIGO 6th Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet.95(S1), S161–S192 (2006).
  • Markman M. Pharmaceutical management of ovarian cancer: current status. Drugs68(6), 771–789 (2008).
  • Dunton CJ. New options for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Semin. Oncol.4(Suppl. 5), S5–S11 (1997).
  • Greene MH, Boice JD Jr, Greer BE, Blessing JA, Dembo AJ. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after therapy with alkylating agents for ovarian cancer: a study of five randomized clinical trials. N. Engl. J. Med.307(23), 1416–1421 (1982).
  • Taniguchi T, Tischkowitz M, Ameziane N et al. Disruption of the Fanconi anemia-BRCA pathway in cisplatin-sensitive ovarian tumors. Nat. Med.9(5), 568–574 (2003).
  • Aabo K, Adams M, Adnitt P et al. Chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: four systematic meta-analyses of individual patient data from 37 randomized trials. Advanced Ovarian Cancer Trialists’ Group. Br. J. Cancer78(11), 1479–1487 (1998).
  • Chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Advanced Ovarian Cancer Trialists Group. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.2, CD001418 (2000).
  • Omura GA, Bundy BN, Berek JS, Curry S, Delgado G, Mortel R. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide plus cisplatin with or without doxorubicin in ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J. Clin. Oncol.7(4), 457–465 (1989).
  • Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing cisplatin with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin in advanced ovarian cancer. GICOG (Gruppo Interregionale Cooperativo Oncologico Ginecologia), Italy. Gynecol. Oncol.45(2), 115–117 (1992).
  • Conte PF, Bruzzone M, Chiara S et al. A randomized trial comparing cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.4(6), 965–971 (1986).
  • Ovarian Cancer Metanalysis Project. Cyclophosphamide plus cisplatin versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma: a meta-analysis. The Ovarian Cancer Meta-Analysis Project. J. Clin. Oncol.9(9), 1668–1674 (1991).
  • A’Hern RP, Gore ME. Impact of doxorubicin on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.13(3), 726–732 (1995).
  • Fanning J, Bennett TZ, Hilgers RD. Meta-analysis of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma. Obstet. Gynecol.80(6), 954–960 (1992).
  • West RJ, Zweig SF. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy regimens for ovarian carcinoma: a reassessment of cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin versus cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol.18(5), 343–348 (1997).
  • McGuire WP, Rowinsky EK, Rosenshein NB et al. Taxol: a unique antineoplastic agent with significant activity in advanced ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Ann. Intern. Med.111, 273–279 (1989).
  • Einzig AI, Wiernik PH, Sasloff J, Runowicz CD, Goldberg GL. Phase II study and long-term follow-up of patients treated with taxol for advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol.10, 1748–1753 (1992).
  • McGuire WP, Hoskins WJ, Brady MF et al. Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.334(1), 1–6 (1996).
  • Piccart MJ, Bertelsen K, James K et al. Randomized intergroup trial of cisplatin–paclitaxel versus cisplatin–cyclophosphamide in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: three-year results. J. Natl Cancer Inst.92, 699–708 (2000).
  • McGuire WP, Ozols RF. Chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer. Semin. Oncol.25(3), 340–348 (1998).
  • Muggia FM, Braly PS, Brady MF et al. Phase III randomized study of cisplatin versus paclitaxel versus cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with suboptimal stage II or IV ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J. Clin. Oncol.18, 106–115 (2000).
  • Neijt JP, Engelholm SA, Tuxen MK et al. Exploratory Phase III study of paclitaxel and cisplatin vs paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.18, 3084–3092 (2000).
  • du Bois A, Lück H, Meier W et al. A randomized clinical trial of cisplatin/paclitaxel vs carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst.95, 1320–1329 (2000).
  • Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B et al. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J. Natl Cancer Inst.85, 365–376 (1993).
  • Ozols RF, Bundy BN, Greer BE et al. Gynecologic Oncology Group (2003) Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with optimally resected stage III ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J. Clin. Oncol.21, 3194– 3200 (2003).
  • Markman M. Intraperitoneal drug delivery of antineoplastics. Drugs61, 1057–1065 (2001).
  • Markman M, Rowinsky E, Hakes T et al. Phase I trial of intraperitoneal taxol: a Gynecoloic Oncology Group study. J. Clin. Oncol.10(9), 1485–1491 (1992).
  • Alberts DS, Liu PY, Hannigan EV et al. Intraperitoneal cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide versus intravenous cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide for stage III ovarian cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.335, 1950–1955 (1996).
  • Markman M, Bundy BN, Alberts DS et al. Phase III trial of standard-dose intravenous cisplatin plus paclitaxel versus moderately high-dose carboplatin followed by intravenous paclitaxel and intraperitoneal cisplatin in smallvolume stage III ovarian carcinoma: an intergroup study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group, Southwestern Oncology Group, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J. Clin. Oncol.19, 1001–1007 (2001).
  • Rothenberg ML, Liu PY, Braly PS et al. Combined intraperitoneal and intravenous chemotherapy for women with optimally debulked ovarian cancer: results from an intergroup Phase II trial. J. Clin. Oncol.21(7), 1313–1319 (2003).
  • Armstrong DK, Bundy B, Wenzel L et al. Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.354, 34–43 (2006).
  • Wenzel LB, Huang HQ, Armstrong DK, Walker JL, Cella D, Gynecologic Oncology Group. Health-related quality of life during and after intraperitoneal versus intravenous chemotherapy for optimally debulked ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J. Clin. Oncol.25(4), 437–443 (2007).
  • Trimble EL, Alvarez RD. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy and the NCI clinical announcement. Gynecol. Oncol.103(2 Suppl. 1), S18–S19 (2006).
  • Marth C, Walker JL, Barakat RR et al. Results of the 2006 Innsbruck International Consensus Conference on intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer109(4), 645–649 (2007).
  • Gore M, du Bois A, Vergote I. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer remains experimental. J. Clin. Oncol.24(28), 4528–4530 (2006).
  • Bookman MA, Brady MF, McGuire WP et al. Evaluation of new platinum-based treatment regimens in advanced-stage ovarian cancer: a Phase III Trial of the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup. J. Clin. Oncol.27(9), 1419–1425 (2009).
  • Hoskins PJ, Vergote I, Stuart G et al. A Phase III trial of cisplatin plus topotecan followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus standard carboplatin plus paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy in women with newly diagnosed advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) (OV.16). A Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Study of the NCIC CTG, EORTC GCG, and GEICO. J. Clin. Oncol.26(Suppl.), (2008) (LBA5505).
  • Herrstedt J, Huober J, Priou F et al. A randomized, Phase III study (AGO-OVAR-9, GINECO-TCG, NSGO-OC-0102): gemcitabine–paclitaxel-carboplatin (TCG) versus paclitaxel–carboplatin (TC) as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer (OC): survival of FIGO stage I–IIA patients. J. Clin. Oncol.27(Suppl.), (2009) (LBA5510).
  • du Bois A, Lück HJ, Bauknecht T et al. First-line chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin for advanced ovarian cancer: a Phase I/II study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie Ovarian Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol.17(1), 46–51 (1999).
  • Romanini A, Tanganelli L, Carnino F et al. First-line chemotherapy with epidoxorubicin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin for the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Gynecol. Oncol.89(3), 354–359 (2003).
  • du Bois A, Weber B, Rochon J et al.; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie; Ovarian Cancer Study Group; Groupe d’Investigateurs Nationaux pour l’Etude des Cancers Ovariens. Addition of epirubicin as a third drug to carboplatin-paclitaxel in first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: a prospectively randomized gynecologic cancer intergroup trial by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Ovarian Cancer Study Group and the Groupe d’Investigateurs Nationaux pour l’Etude des Cancers Ovariens. J. Clin. Oncol.24(7), 1127–1135 (2006).
  • Zubkus JD, Hainsworth JD, Spigel DR et al. Topotecan, paclitaxel, and carboplatin in advanced ovarian cancer: a Phase II trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network. J. Clin. Oncol.24(Suppl.), (2006) (Abstract 15015).
  • Scarfone G, Scambia G, Raspagliesi F et al. A multicenter, randomized, Phase III study comparing paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) versus topotecan/paclitaxel/carboplatin (TPC) in patients with stage III (residual tumor > 1 cm after primary surgery) and IV ovarian cancer (OC). J. Clin. Oncol.24(Suppl.), (2006) (Abstract LBA5510).
  • Chan S, Friedrichs K, Noel D et al. Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The 303 Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol.17, 2341–2354 (1999).
  • Jones SE, Erban J, Overmoyer B et al. Randomized Phase III study of docetaxel compared with paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.23(24), 5542–5551 (2005).
  • Kaye SB, Piccart M, Aapro M, Francis P, Kavanagh J. Phase II trials of docetaxel (Taxotere) in advanced ovarian cancer – an updated overview. Eur. J. Cancer33, 2167–2170 (1997).
  • Rose PG, Blessing JA, Ball HG et al. A Phase II study of docetaxel in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol. Oncol.88, 130–135 (2003).
  • Vasey PA, Atkinson R, Coleman R et al. Docetaxel–carboplatin as first line chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer84, 170–178 (2001).
  • Vasey PA, Jayson GC, Gordon A et al. Scottish Gynaecological Cancer Trials Group. Phase III randomized trial of docetaxel–carboplatin versus paclitaxel–carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst.96(22), 1682–1691 (2004).
  • Ozols RF, Willson JK, Weltz MD, Grotzinger KR, Myers CE, Young RC. Inhibition of human ovarian cancer colony formation by adriamycin and its metabolites. Cancer Res.40, 4109–4112 (1980).
  • Ovarian Cancer Meta-Analysis Project. Cyclophosphamide plus cisplatin versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol.9, 1668–1674 (1991).
  • A’Hern R, Gore ME. The impact of doxorubicin on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.13, 726–732 (1995).
  • Vaage J, Donovan D, Mayhew E, Abra R, Huang A. Therapy of human ovarian carcinoma xenografts using doxorubicin encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes. Cancer72, 3671–3675 (1993).
  • Sakakibara T, Chen FA, Kida H et al. Doxorubicin encapsulated in strerically stabilized liposomes is superior to free drug or drug-containing conventional liposomes at suppressing growth and metastases of human lung tumors xenografts. Cancer Res.56, 3743–3746 (1996).
  • Vaage J, Donovan D, Uster P, Working P. Tumor uptake of doxorubicin in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes and therapeutic effect against a xenografted human pancreatic carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer75, 482–486 (1997).
  • Muggia FM, Hainsworth JD, Jeffers S et al. Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in refractory ovarian cancer. Antitumor activity and toxicity modification by liposomal encapsulation. J. Clin. Oncol.15, 987–993 (1997).
  • Gordon AN, Granai CO, Rose PG et al. Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in platinum–paclitaxel refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.18, 3093–3100 (2000).
  • Safra T, Groshen S, Jeffers S et al. Treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Analysis of toxicities and predictors of outcome. Cancer91, 90–100 (2000).
  • Gordon AN, Fleagle JT, Guthrie D, Parkin DE, Gore ME, Lacave AJ. Recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a randomized Phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus topotecan. J. Clin. Oncol.19, 3312–3322 (2001).
  • Gordon AN, Tonda M, Sun S, Rackoff W; for the Doxil Study 30-49 Investigators. Long-term survival advantage for women treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin compared with topotecan in a Phase 3 randomized study of recurrent and refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol.95, 1–8 (2004).
  • Ferrero JM, Weber B, Geay JF et al. Second-line chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin is highly effective in patients with advanced ovarian cancer in late relapse: a GINECO Phase II trial. Ann. Oncol.18(2), 263–268 (2007).
  • Pujade-Lauraine E, Mahner S, Kaern J et al. A randomized, Phase III study of carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (OC): CALYPSO study of the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG). J. Clin. Oncol.27(Suppl.), (2009) (LBA5509).
  • Pignata S, Scambia G, Savarese A et al. Safety of a 3-weekly schedule of carboplatin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as first line chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer: preliminary results of the MITO-2 randomized trial. BMC Cancer6, 202 (2006).
  • Pignata S, Scambia G, Savarese A et al. Carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for advanced ovarian cancer: preliminary activity results of the MITO-2 Phase III trial. Oncology76(1), 49–54 (2009).
  • Pignata S, Scambia G, Savarese A et al. Carboplatin plus paclitaxel (CP) versus carboplatin and stealth liposomal doxorubicin (CLD) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC): activity and safety results of the MITO-2 randomized multicenter trial. J. Clin. Oncol27(Suppl.), (2009) (Abstract LBA5508).
  • Belani CP, Ramalingam S, Perry MC et al. Randomized, Phase III study of weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus standard every-3-weeks administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.26(3), 468–473 (2008).
  • Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S et al. Weekly paclitaxel in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.358(16), 1663–1671 2008.
  • Markman M, Blessing J, Rubin SC, Connor J, Hanjani P, Waggoner S. Phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) in platinum and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian and primary peritoneal cancers: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol. Oncol.101(3), 436–440 (2006).
  • Katsumata N, Yasuda M, Takahashi F et al. for the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group. Dose-dense paclitaxel once a week in combination with carboplatin every 3 weeks for advanced ovarian cancer: a Phase 3, open-label, randomized controlled trial Lancet374(9698), 1331–1338 (2009).
  • Markman M, Liu PY, Moon J et al. Impact on survival of 12 versus 3 monthly cycles of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) administered to patients with advanced ovarian cancer who attained a complete response to primary platinum-paclitaxel: follow-up of a Southwest Oncology Group and Gynecologic Oncology Group Phase 3 trial. Gynecol. Oncol.114(2), 195–198 (2009).
  • Ellis LM, Hicklin DJ. VEGF-targeted therapy: mechanisms of anti-tumour activity. Nat. Rev. Cancer8(8), 579–591 (2008).
  • Raspollini MR, Castiglione F, Garbini F et al. Correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression with tumour microdensity vessels and with vascular endothelial growth factor expression in ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Surg. Pathol.13, 135–142 (2005).
  • Li L, Wang L, Zhang W et al. Correlation of serum with clinical stage, therapy, efficacy, tumor metastasis and patient survival in ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res.4, 1973–1979 (2004).
  • Mesiano S, Ferrara N, Naffe RB. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian cancer inhibition of ascites formation by immunoneutralization. Am. J. Pathol.153, 1249–1256 (1998).
  • Suhonen KA, Anttila MA, Sillanpää SM et al. Quantification of angiogenesis by the Chalkley method and its prognostic significance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Eur. J. Cancer43(8), 1300–1307 (2007).
  • Burger RA, Sill MW, Monk BJ, Greer BE, Sorosky JI. Phase II trial of bevacizumab in persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer or primary peritoneal cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J. Clin. Oncol.25, 5165–5171 (2007).
  • Cannistra SA, Matulonis UA, Penson RT et al. Phase II study of bevacizumab in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer or peritoneal serous cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.25, 5180–5186 (2007).
  • Campos SM, Dizon DS, Cannistra SA et al. Safety of maintenance bevacizumab after first-line chemotherapy for advanced ovarian and Mullerian cancers. J. Clin. Oncol.25(Suppl.), 5517 (2007).
  • Lu C, Thaker PH, Lin YG et al. Impact of vessel maturation on antiangiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.198, 477 (2008).
  • Lu L, Kamat AA, Lin YG et al. Dual targeting of endothelial cells and pericytes in antivascular therapy for ovarian carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res.13, 4209–4217 (2007).
  • Friedlander M, Hancock KC, Benigno B et al. Pazopanib (GW786034) is active in women with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers: final results of a Phase II study. Proceedings of the 33rd European Society for Medical Oncology Congress. Stockholm, Sweden, 12–16 September, 2008 (Abstract 6630).
  • Strawn LM, Shawver LK. Tyrosine kinases in disease: overview of kinase inhibitors as therapeutic agents and current drugs in clinical trials. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs7, 553–573 (1998).
  • Salomon DS, Brandt R, Ciardiello F, Normanno N. Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol.19, 183–232 (1995).
  • Bartlett JM, Langdon SP, Simpson BJ et al. The prognostic value of epidermal growth actor receptor mRNA expression in primary ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer73, 301–306 (1996).
  • Fischer-Colbrie J, Witt A, Heinzl H et al. EGFR and steroid receptors in ovarian carcinoma: comparison with prognostic parameters and outcome of patients. Anticancer Res.17, 613–619 (1997).
  • Alper O, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Bennett TA et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and the invasive phenotype of ovarian carcinoma cells. J. Natl Cancer Inst.93, 1375–1384 (2001).
  • Skirnisdottir I, Sorbe B, Seidal T. The growth factor receptors HER-2/neu and EGFR, their relationship, and their effects on the prognosis in early stage (FIGO I–II) epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer11,119–129 (2001).
  • Psyrri A, Kassar M, Yu Z et al. Effect of epidermal growth factor receptor expression level on survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer. Res.11, 8637–8643 (2005).
  • Berchuck A, Rodriguez GC, Kamel A et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal ovarian epithelium and ovarian cancer. I. Correlation of receptor expression with prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.164, 669–674 (1991).
  • Niikura H, Sasano H, Sato S, Yajima A. Expression of epidermal growth factor-related proteins and epidermal growth factor receptor in common epithelial ovarian tumors. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol.16, 60–68 (1996)
  • Tarceva® (erlotinib), package insert. OSI Pharmaceuticals Inc., NY, USA and Genentech Inc., CA, USA (2007).
  • Gordon AN, Finkler N, Edwards RP et al. Efficacy and safety of erlotinib HCl, an epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma: results from a Phase II multicenter study. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer.15, 785–792 (2005).
  • Schilder RJ, Sill MW, Chen X et al. EORTC-GCG/NCIC-CTG randomized trial comparing primary debulking surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIIC–IV ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer and evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and immunohistochemical expression: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Clin. Cancer Res.11, 5539–5548 (2005).
  • Wagner U, Kohler S, Reinartz S et al. Immunological consolidation of ovarian carcinoma recurrences with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody ACA125: immune responses and survival in palliative treatment. Clin. Cancer Res.7(5), 1154–1162 (2001).
  • Jerne NK. Towards a network theory of the immune system. Ann. Immunol.125C(1–2), 373–389 (1974).
  • Pfisterer J, du Bois A, Sehouli J et al. The anti-idiotypic antibody abagovomab in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. A Phase I trial of the AGO-OVAR. Ann. Oncol.17(10), 1568–1577 (2006).
  • Reinartz S, Kohler S, Schlebusch H et al. Vaccination of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma with the anti-idiotype ACA125: immunological response and survival (Phase Ib/II). Clin. Cancer Res.10(5), 1580–1587 (2004).
  • Vergote I, Trope CG, Amant F et al. EORTC-GCG/NCIC-CTG randomized trial comparing primary debulking surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIIC–IV ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer. Presented at: 12th Biennial meeting International Gynecologic Cancer Society. Bangkok, Thailand, 25–28 October 2008.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.