Surgical management of large renal tumors

References

• Mortensen H. Transthoracic nephrectomy. J. Urol.60(6), 855–858 (1948).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robson CJ. Radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.89, 37–42 (1963).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gettman MT, Blute ML, Spotts B, Bryant SC, Zincke H. Pathologic staging of renal cell carcinoma: significance of tumor classification with the 1997 TNM staging system. Cancer91(2), 354–361 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javidan J, Stricker HJ, Tamboli P et al. Prognostic significance of the 1997 TNM classification of renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.162(4), 1277–1281 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siemer S, Lehmann J, Kamradt J et al. Adrenal metastases in 1635 patients with renal cell carcinoma: outcome and indication for adrenalectomy. J. Urol.171(6 Pt 1), 2155–2159 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autorino R, Di LG, Damiano R et al. Adrenal sparing surgery in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: when is it possible? World J. Urol.21(3), 153–158 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutikov A, Piotrowski ZJ, Canter DJ et al. Routine adrenalectomy is unnecessary during surgery for large and/or upper pole renal tumors when the adrenal gland is radiographically normal. J. Urol.185(4), 1198–1203 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oelkers W. Adrenal insufficiency. N. Engl. J. Med.335(16), 1206–1212 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye DR, Storey BB, Pacak K, Pinto PA, Linehan WM, Bratslavsky G. Partial adrenalectomy: underused first line therapy for small adrenal tumors. J. Urol.184(1), 18–25 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemal AK, Kumar A, Kumar R, Wadhwa P, Seth A, Gupta NP. Laparoscopic versus open radical nephrectomy for large renal tumors: a long-term prospective comparison. J. Urol.177(3), 862–866 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong EM, Lyon MB, Orvieto MA, Lucioni A, Gerber GS, Shalhav AL. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: comparison of clinical Stage T1 and T2 renal tumors. Urology68(6), 1183–1187 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg AP, Finelli A, Desaimm et al. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for large (greater than 7 cm, T2) renal tumors. J. Urol.172(6 Pt 1), 2172–2176 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang WC, Levey AS, Serio AM et al. Chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy in patients with renal cortical tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol.7(9), 735–740 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang WC, Elkin EB, Levey AS, Jang TL, Russo P. Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy in patients with small renal tumors – is there a difference in mortality and cardiovascular outcomes? J. Urol.181(1), 55–61 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N. Engl. J. Med.351(13), 1296–1305 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzzo RG, Novick AC. Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors: indications, techniques and outcomes. J. Urol.166(1), 6–18 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan WR, Zincke H. Progression and survival after renal-conserving surgery for renal cell carcinoma: experience in 104 patients and extended followup. J. Urol.144(4), 852–857 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs SC, Berg SI, Lawson RK. Synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma: total surgical excision. Cancer46(11), 2341–2345 (1980).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr HW. Partial nephrectomy for incidental renal cell carcinoma. Br. J. Urol.74(4), 431–433 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butler BP, Novick AC, Miller DP, Campbell SA, Licht MR. Management of small unilateral renal cell carcinomas: radical versus nephron-sparing surgery. Urology45(1), 34–40 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breau RH, Crispen PL, Jenkins SM, Blute ML, Leibovich BC. Treatment of patients with small renal masses: a survey of the American Urological Association. J. Urol.185(2), 407–413 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patard JJ, Pantuck AJ, Crepel M et al. Morbidity and clinical outcome of nephron-sparing surgery in relation to tumour size and indication. Eur. Urol.52(1), 148–154 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell SC, Novick AC, Streem SB, Klein E, Licht M. Complications of nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors. J. Urol.151(5), 1177–1180 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van PH, Da PL, Albrecht W et al. A prospective, randomised EORTC Intergroup Phase 3 study comparing the oncologic outcome of elective nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for low-stage renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Urol.59(4), 543–552 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner SE, Hawkins CA, Blute ML et al. Disease outcome in patients with low stage renal cell carcinoma treated with nephron sparing or radical surgery. J. Urol.155(6), 1868–1873 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafez KS, Fergany AF, Novick AC. Nephron sparing surgery for localized renal cell carcinoma: impact of tumor size on patient survival, tumor recurrence and TNM staging. J. Urol.162(6), 1930–1933 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank I, Blute ML, Leibovich BC, Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Zincke H. Independent validation of the 2002 American Joint Committee on cancer primary tumor classification for renal cell carcinoma using a large, single institution cohort. J. Urol.173(6), 1889–1892 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank I, Blute ML, Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Weaver AL, Zincke H. Solid renal tumors: an analysis of pathological features related to tumor size. J. Urol.170(6 Pt 1), 2217–2220 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabibi A, Parvin M, Abdi H, Bashtar R, Zamani N, Abadpour B. Correlation between size of renal cell carcinoma and its grade, stage, and histological subtype. Urol. J.4(1), 10–13 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katz MD, Serrano MF, Humphrey PA et al. The role of lymphovascular space invasion in renal cell carcinoma as a prognostic marker of survival after curative resection. Urol. Oncol.29(6), 738–744 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grignon D, Paner GP. Renal cell carcinoma and the renal sinus. Adv. Anat. Pathol.14(2), 63–68 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta S, Lohse CM, Leibovich BC et al. Histologic coagulative tumor necrosis as a prognostic indicator of renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness. Cancer104(3), 511–520 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam JS, Shvarts O, Said JW et al. Clinicopathologic and molecular correlations of necrosis in the primary tumor of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer103(12), 2517–2525 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dash A, Vickers AJ, Schachter LR, Bach AM, Snyder ME, Russo P. Comparison of outcomes in elective partial vs radical nephrectomy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma of 4–7 cm. BJU Int.97(5), 939–945 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker F, Siemer S, Hack M, Humke U, Ziegler M, Stockle M. Excellent long-term cancer control with elective nephron-sparing surgery for selected renal cell carcinomas measuring more than 4 cm. Eur. Urol.49(6), 1058–1063 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patard JJ, Shvarts O, Lam JS et al. Safety and efficacy of partial nephrectomy for all T1 tumors based on an international multicenter experience. J. Urol.171(6 Pt 1), 2181–2185; quiz (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibovich BC, Blute ML, Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Weaver AL, Zincke H. Nephron sparing surgery for appropriately selected renal cell carcinoma between 4 and 7 cm results in outcome similar to radical nephrectomy. J. Urol.171(3), 1066–1070 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell SC, Novick AC, Belldegrun A et al. Guideline for management of the clinical T1 renal mass. J. Urol.182(4), 1271–1279 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karellas ME, O’Brien MF, Jang TL, Bernstein M, Russo P. Partial nephrectomy for selected renal cortical tumours of ≥7 cm. BJU Int.106(10), 1484–1487 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breau RH, Crispen PL, Jimenez RE, Lohse CM, Blute ML, Leibovich BC. Outcome of stage T2 or greater renal cell cancer treated with partial nephrectomy. J. Urol.183(3), 903–908 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vourganti S, Linehan WM, Bratslavsky G. Comparison of partial nephrectomy for tumors greater than 7 cm to radical nephrectomy and effect on overall survival. J. Clin. Oncol.29(Suppl. 7), (2011) (Abstract 323).
   Google Scholar
• Bratslavsky G. Argument in favor of performing partial nephrectomy for tumors greater than 7cm: the metastatic prescription has already been written. Urol. Oncol. (2011) (In Press).
   Google Scholar
• Maestro LM, Sastre J, Rafael SB et al. Circulating tumor cells in solid tumor in metastatic and localized stages. Anticancer Res.29(11), 4839–4843 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane BR, Fergany AF, Linehan WM, Bratslavsky G. Should preservable parenchyma, and not tumor size, be the main determinant of the feasibility of partial nephrectomy? Urology76(3), 608–609 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulis V, Sanchez-Ortiz RF, Tamboli P, Cohen DD, Swanson DA, Wood CG. Renal cell carcinoma clinically involving adjacent organs: experience with aggressive surgical management. Cancer109(10), 2025–2030 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassouf W, Sanchez-Ortiz R, Tamboli P et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for T4NxM1 renal cell carcinoma: the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Urology69(5), 835–838 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevoux P, Zini L, Villers A, Boleslawski E, Nunes B, Zerbib P. Celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery: danger zone for left nephrectomy. J. Endourol.22(11), 2571–2574 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blute ML, Leibovich BC, Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Zincke H. A protocol for performing extended lymph node dissection using primary tumor pathological features for patients treated with radical nephrectomy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.172(2), 465–469 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutikov A, Uzzo RG. The R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score: a comprehensive standardized system for quantitating renal tumor size, location and depth. J. Urol.182(3), 844–853 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ficarra V, Novara G, Secco S et al. Preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) classification of renal tumours in patients who are candidates for nephron-sparing surgery. Eur. Urol.56(5), 786–793 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland SE, Resnick MI, Maclennan GT, Goldman HB. Does the size of the surgical margin in partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer really matter? J. Urol.167(1), 61–64 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalman D, Varenhorst E. The role of arterial embolization in renal cell carcinoma. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol.33(3), 162–170 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielinski H, Szmigielski S, Petrovich Z. Comparison of preoperative embolization followed by radical nephrectomy with radical nephrectomy alone for renal cell carcinoma. Am. J. Clin. Oncol.23(1), 6–12 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May M, Brookman-Amissah S, Pflanz S, Roigas J, Hoschke B, Kendel F. Pre-operative renal arterial embolisation does not provide survival benefit in patients with radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Br. J. Radiol.82(981), 724–731 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian VS, Stephenson AJ, Goldfarb DA, Fergany AF, Novick AC, Krishnamurthi V. Utility of preoperative renal artery embolization for management of renal tumors with inferior vena caval thrombi. Urology74(1), 154–159 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffroy R, Rao P, Ota S, Geschwind JF. Renal artery embolisation prior to radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: when, how and why? Br. J. Radiol.83(991), 630–632 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zisman A, Wieder JA, Pantuck AJ et al. Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension: biology, role of nephrectomy and response to immunotherapy. J. Urol.169(3), 909–916 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouliot F, Shuch B, Larochelle JC, Pantuck A, Belldegrun AS. Contemporary management of renal tumors with venous tumor thrombus. J. Urol.184(3), 833–841 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobin LH. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. Wiley-Blackwell, NJ, USA, 255–257 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Neves RJ, Zincke H. Surgical treatment of renal cancer with vena cava extension. Br. J. Urol.59(5), 390–395 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Novick AC. Renal malignancy: open surgery. In: Operative Urology: At the Cleveland Clinic. Humana Press, NJ, USA, 31–50 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Choyke PL, Walther MM, Wagner JR, Rayford W, Lyne JC, Linehan WM. Renal cancer: preoperative evaluation with dual-phase three-dimensional MR angiography. Radiology205(3), 767–771 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hricak H, Thoeni RF, Carroll PR, Demas BE, Marotti M, Tanagho EA. Detection and staging of renal neoplasms: a reassessment of MR imaging. Radiology166(3), 643–649 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrentschuk N, Gani J, Riordan R, Esler S, Bolton DM. Multidetector computed tomography vs magnetic resonance imaging for defining the upper limit of tumour thrombus in renal cell carcinoma: a study and review. BJU Int.96(3), 291–295 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proca E. Renal carcinoma with inferior vena cava malignant thrombosis. Br. J. Urol.68(4), 349–354 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ciancio G, Gonzalez J, Shirodkar SP, Angulo JC, Soloway MS. Liver transplantation techniques for the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava: step-by-step description. Eur. Urol.59(3), 401–406 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wille AH, Johannsen M, Miller K, Deger S. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using FloSeal for hemostasis: technique and experiences in 102 patients. Surg. Innov.16(4), 306–312 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nouralizadeh A, Ziaee SA, Basiri A et al. Transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using a new technique. Urol. J.6(3), 176–181 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse A, Knaus R, Tse E. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: the University of Saskatchewan (Regina division) experience. Can. Urol. Assoc. J.3(2), 111–118 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons MN, Chung BI, Gill IS. Perioperative efficacy of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for tumors larger than 4 cm. Eur. Urol.55(1), 199–207 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollens R, Rosenblatt A, Espinoza BP et al. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with ‘on-demand’ clamping reduces warm ischemia time. Eur. Urol.52(3), 804–809 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhayani SB, Belani JS, Hidalgo J et al. Trends in nephron-sparing surgery for renal neoplasia. Urology68(4), 732–736 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalhav AL, Orvieto MA, Chien GW, Mikhail AA, Zagaja GP, Zorn KC. Minimizing knot tying during reconstructive laparoscopic urology. Urology68(3), 508–513 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link RE, Bhayani SB, Allaf ME et al. Exploring the learning curve, pathological outcomes and perioperative morbidity of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed for renal mass. J. Urol.173(5), 1690–1694 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porpiglia F, Fiori C, Bertolo R, Scarpa RM. Does tumour size really affect the safety of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy? BJU Int.108(2), 268–273 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scoll BJ, Uzzo RG, Chen DY et al. Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: a large single-institutional experience. Urology75(6), 1328–1334 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White MA, Haber GP, Autorino RR et al. Outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy for renal masses with nephrometry score of ≥7. Urology77(4), 809–813 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta GN, Boris R, Chung P, Marston LW, Pinto PA, Bratslavsky G. Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for tumors greater than 4 cm and high nephrometry score: feasibility, renal functional, and oncological outcomes with minimum 1 year follow-up. Urol. Oncol. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.10.008 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Dekernion JB, Ramming KP, Smith RB. The natural history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a computer analysis. J. Urol.120(2), 148–152 (1978).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekernion JB, Sarna G, Figlin R, Lindner A, Smith RB. The treatment of renal cell carcinoma with human leukocyte alpha-interferon. J. Urol.130(6), 1063–1066 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figlin R, Gitlitz B, Franklin J et al. Interleukin-2-based immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an analysis of 203 consecutively treated patients. Cancer J. Sci. Am.3(Suppl. 1), S92–S97 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner JR, Walther MM, Linehan WM, White DE, Rosenberg SA, Yang JC. Interleukin-2 based immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with the kidney in place. J. Urol.162(1), 43–45 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanigan RC, Mickisch G, Sylvester R, Tangen C, Van PH, Crawford ED. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer: a combined analysis. J. Urol.171(3), 1071–1076 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahn M, Fisch P, Kohler G et al. Pro-inflammatory and T cell inhibitory cytokines are secreted at high levels in tumor cell cultures of human renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Urol.35(1), 70–80 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanigan RC, Salmon SE, Blumenstein BA et al. Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.345(23), 1655–1659 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mickisch GH, Garin A, van Poppel H, de Prijck L, Sylvester R; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Genitourinary Group. Radical nephrectomy plus interferon-alfa-based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised trial. Lancet358(9286), 966–970 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantuck AJ, Belldegrun AS, Figlin RA. Nephrectomy and interleukin-2 for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med.345(23), 1711–1712 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett RT, Lerner SE, Taub HC, Dutcher JP, Fleischmann J. Cytoreductive surgery for stage IV renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.154(1), 32–34 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallick ML, McDermott DF, LaRock D, Long JP, Atkins MB. Nephrectomy before interleukin-2 therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.158(5), 1691–1695 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuch B, La Rochelle JC, Wu J et al. Performance status and cytoreductive nephrectomy: redefining management in patients with poor performance. Cancer113(6), 1324–1331 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuch B, Crispen PL, Leibovich BC et al. Cardiopulmonary bypass and renal cell carcinoma with level IV tumour thrombus: can deep hypothermic circulatory arrest limit perioperative mortality? BJU Int.107(5), 724–728 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutikov A, Uzzo RG, Caraway A et al. Use of systemic therapy and factors affecting survival for patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. BJU Int.106(2), 218–223 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culp SH, Tannir NM, Abel EJ et al. Can we better select patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma for cytoreductive nephrectomy? Cancer116(14), 3378–3388 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassouf W, Sanchez-Ortiz R, Tamboli P et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with nonclear cell histology. J. Urol.178(5), 1896–1900 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuch B, Said J, La Rochelle JC et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for kidney cancer with sarcomatoid histology – is up-front resection indicated and, if not, is it avoidable? J. Urol.182(5), 2164–2171 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbastefano J, Garcia JA, Elson P et al. Association of percentage of tumour burden removed with debulking nephrectomy and progression-free survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. BJU Int.106(9), 1266–1269 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierorazio PM, McKiernan JM, McCann TR, Mohile S, Petrylak D, Benson MC. Outcome after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma is predicted by fractional percentage of tumour volume removed. BJU Int.100(4), 755–759 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan DY, Cadeddu JA, Jarrett TW, Marshall FF, Kavoussi LR. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: cancer control for renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.166(6), 2095–2099 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther MM, Lyne JC, Libutti SK, Linehan WM. Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy as preparation for administration of systemic interleukin-2 in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Urology53(3), 496–501 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matin SF, Madsen LT, Wood CG. Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Urology68(3), 528–532 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabets JC, Kaouk J, Fergany A, Finelli A, Gill IS, Novick AC. Laparoscopic versus open cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urology64(5), 930–934 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blom JH, Van PH, Marechal JM et al. Radical nephrectomy with and without lymph node dissection: preliminary results of the EORTC randomized phase III protocol 30881. EORTC Genitourinary Group. Eur. Urol.36(6), 570–575 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capitanio U, Zini L, Perrotte P et al. Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy does not undermine cancer control in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a population-based study. Urology72(5), 1090–1095 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krambeck AE, Leibovich BC, Lohse CM, Kwon ED, Zincke H, Blute ML. The role of nephron sparing surgery for metastatic (pM1) renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.176(5), 1990–1995 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Dorey F et al. Renal cell carcinoma with retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Impact on survival and benefits of immunotherapy. Cancer97(12), 2995–3002 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasselli JR, Yang JC, Linehan WM, White DE, Rosenberg SA, Walther MM. Lack of retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy predicts survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.166(1), 68–72 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Dorey F et al. Renal cell carcinoma with retroperitoneal lymph nodes: role of lymph node dissection. J. Urol.169(6), 2076–2083 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richey SL, Culp SH, Jonasch E et al. Outcome of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted therapy without cytoreductive nephrectomy. Ann. Oncol.22(5), 1048–1053 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choueiri TK, Xie W, Kollmannsberger C et al. The impact of cytoreductive nephrectomy on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy. J. Urol.185(1), 60–66 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer EA, Srinivasan R, Bratslavsky G. Editorial comment. J. Urol.185(1), 66 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro NP, Woodhams S, Nawrocki JD, Fletcher MS, Thomas PJ. The role of transarterial embolization in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int.92(3), 240–244 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonasch E, Wood CG, Matin SF et al. Phase II presurgical feasibility study of bevacizumab in untreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol.27(25), 4076–4081 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowey CL, Amin C, Pruthi RS et al. Neoadjuvant clinical trial with sorafenib for patients with stage II or higher renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol.28(9), 1502–1507 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulis V, Matin SF, Tannir N et al. Surgical morbidity associated with administration of targeted molecular therapies before cytoreductive nephrectomy or resection of locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.180(1), 94–98 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuch B, Riggs SB, Larochelle JC et al. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy and advanced kidney cancer: observations and implications for a new treatment paradigm. BJU Int.102(6), 692–696 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas AA, Rini BI, Lane BR et al. Response of the primary tumor to neoadjuvant sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol.181(2), 518–523 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Veldt AA, Meijerink MR, van den Eertwegh AJ et al. Sunitinib for treatment of advanced renal cell cancer: primary tumor response. Clin. Cancer Res.14(8), 2431–2436 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abel EJ, Culp SH, Tannir NM et al. Primary tumor response to targeted agents in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Urol.59(1), 10–15 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abel EJ, Culp SH, Tannir N. Use of early primary tumor response to predict overall survival in patients with metastatic RCC undergoing treatment with sunitinib. J. Clin. Oncol.29(Suppl. 7), (2011) (Abstract 329).
   Google Scholar