The importance of sleep blood pressure

References

• Littler WA, Honour AJ, Carter RD, Sleight P. Sleep and blood pressure. Br. Med. J.3(5979), 346–348 (1975).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sega R, Corrao G, Bombelli M et al. Blood pressure variability and organ damage in a general population:results from the PAMELA study (Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni). Hypertension39, 710–714 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linsell CR, Lightman SL, Mullen PE, Brown MJ, Causon RC. Circadian rhythms of epinephrine and norepinephrine in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.60, 1210–1215 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandenberger G, Follenius M, Goichot B, Saini J, Ehrhart J, Simon C. Twenty-four-hour profiles of plasma renin activity in relation to the sleep awake cycle. J. Hypertens.12, 277–283 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stergiou GS, Mastorantonakis SE, Roussias LG. Intraindividual reproducibility of blood pressure surge upon rising after nighttime sleep and siesta. Hypertens. Res.10, 1859–1864 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien E, Sheridan J, O’Malley K. Dippers and non-dippers. Lancet2, 397 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• White WB. Cardiovascular risk and therapeutic intervention for the early morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate. Blood Press. Monit.6, 63–72 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering TG. The clinical significance of diurnal blood pressure variations. Dippers and nondippers. Circulation81, 700–702 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G et al. Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension24, 793–801 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Nishinaga M, Kimura S, Ozawa T. Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J. Hypertens.10, 875–878 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii T, Uzu T, Nishimura M et al. Circadian rhythm of natriuresis is disturbed in nondipper type of essential hypertension. Am. J. Kidney Dis.33, 29–35 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzu T, Ishikawa K, Fujii T, Nakamura S, Inenaga T, Kimura G. Sodium restriction shifts circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation96, 1859–1862 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda M, Mizuno M, Yamanaka T et al. Patients with renal dysfunction require a longer duration until blood pressure dips during the night. Hypertension52, 1155–1160 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vagaonescu TD, Saadia D, Tuhrim S, Phillips RA, Kaufmann H. Hypertensive cardiovascular damage in patients with primary autonomic failure. Lancet355, 725–726 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redon J, Plancha E, Swift PA, Pons S, Muñoz J, Martinez F. Nocturnal blood pressure and progression to end-stage renal disease or death in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4. J. Hypertens.3, 602–607 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Boggia J, Li Y, Thijs L et al. Prognostic accuracy of day versus night ambulatory blood pressure: a cohort study. Lancet370, 1219–1229 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L et al. Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension46, 156–161 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguchi K, Hoshide S, Hoshide Y, Ishikawa S, Shimada K, Kario K. Reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure in treated and untreated hypertensive patients. J. Hypertens.28(5), 918–924 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metoki H, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M et al. Prognostic significance of night-time, early morning, and daytime blood pressures on the risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality: the Ohasama Study. J. Hypertens.24(9), 1841–1848 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Guerrieri M et al. Circadian blood pressure changes and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. Circulation81, 528–536 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA282, 539–546 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wing L, Reid C, Ryan P, Beilin L, Brown M. High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia Outcome related to clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2). J. Hypertens.22(Suppl. 1), S58 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Wing LMH, Reid CM, Ryan P, Beilin LJ, Brown MA. Outcome related to on-treatment clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2). Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.32(7), A7 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai M, Hoshide S, Ishikawa J, Shimada K, Kario K. Ambulatory blood pressure as an independent determinant of brain atrophy and cognitive function in elderly hypertension. J. Hypertens.26, 1636–1641 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanemaru A, Kanemaru K, Kuwajima I. The effects of short-term blood pressure variability and nighttime blood pressure levels on cognitive function. Hypertens. Res.24, 19–24 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astrup AS, Nielsen FS, Rossing P et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes with or without diabetic nephropathy: a follow-up study. J. Hypertens.25(12), 2479–2485 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Shimada K. Risers and extreme-dippers of nocturnal blood pressure in hypertension: antihypertensive strategy for nocturnal blood pressure. Clin. Exp. Hypertens.26, 177–189 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosse P, Lasserre R, Minifié C, Lemetayer P, Clement J. Blood pressure surge on rising. J. Hypertens.22(6), 1113–1118 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y et al.Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: prospective study. Circulation107, 1401–1406 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller JE, Tofler GH, Stone PH. Circadian variation and triggers of onset of acute cardiovascular disease. Circulation79, 733–743 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C et al. Adverse prognostic value of a blunted circadian rhythm of heart rate in essential hypertension. J. Hypertens.9, 1335–1343 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Willich SN, Goldberg RJ, Maclure M, Perriello L, Muller JE. Increased onset of sudden cardiac death in the first three hours after awakening. Am. J. Cardiol.70, 65–68 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan T, Brunner H, Aubert J-F, Connell P. The relationship of blood pressure to cardiac hypertrophy: experimental studies in rats. Clin. Exp. Hypertens.19, 827–841 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan TO, Brunner HR, Aubert J-F, Wang Q, Griffiths C, Delbridge L. Cardiac hypertrophy depends upon sleep blood pressure: a study in rats. J. Hypertens.18, 445–451 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lurbe E, Redon J, Kesani A et al. Increase in nocturnal blood pressure and progression to microalbuminuria in Type 1 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.347, 797–805 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano S, Fukuda M, Hotta F et al. Reversed circadian blood pressure rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal vascular events in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes47, 1501–1506 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esler M. Depressive illness, the sympathetic nervous system and cardiac risk. J. Hypertens.27(12), 2349–2350 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Schwartz JE, Pickering TG. Ambulatory physical activity as a determinant of diurnal blood pressure variation. Hypertension34, 685–691 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan AG, Perlikowski SM, Mente A et al. High prevalence of unrecognized sleep apnoea in drug-resistant hypertension. J. Hypertens.19, 2271–2277 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Schwartz JE, Davidson KW, Pickering TG. Gender differences in associations of diurnal blood pressure variation, awake physical activity, and sleep quality with negative affect: the work site blood pressure study. Hypertension38(5), 997–1002 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T, Matsuura T, Watanabe M, Dote T, Simizu H, Kono K. The relationship between ambulatory blood pressure variation and symptoms of depression and sleep disturbance in community-dwelling elderly persons with independent activities of daily living. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi49, 178–187 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan TO, Anderson A. Different drug classes have variable effects on blood pressure depending on the time of day. Am. J. Hypertens.16, 46–50 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacourcière Y, Lenis J, Orchard R et al. A comparison of the efficacies and duration of action of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan and amlodipine. Blood Press. Monit.3, 295–302 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan T, Anderson A, Jones E. The effect on 24 h blood pressure control of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril) administered in the morning or at night. J. Hypertens.15, 205–211 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DHG, Neutel JM, Black HR, Schoenberger JA, Weber MA. Once daily therapy with trandolapril in the treatment of hypertension. J. Hum. Hypertens.10, 129–134 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Schwartz JE, Pickering TG. Changes of nocturnal blood pressure dipping status in hypertensives by nighttime dosing of α-adrenergic blocker, doxazosin : results from the HALT study. Hypertension35, 787–794 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R, Ayala D. Chronotherapy with ramipril in essential hypertension: improved ambulatory blood pressure control with bedtime dosing. Hypertension54, 40–46 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med.342, 145–153 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson P, de Faire U, Sleight P, Yusuf S, Ostergren J. Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures: a HOPE Substudy. Hypertension38, E28–E32 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomized trial of a perindopril-based blood -pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Lancet358, 1033–1041 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox KM; European Trial On Reduction of Cardiac Events with Perindopril in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease; randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study) Lancet362, 782–788 (2003)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar