References
- Okerson T, Yan P, Stonehouse A, Brodows R. Effects of exenatide on systolic blood pressure in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Hypertens.23(3), 334–339 (2010).
- American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2007. Diabetes Care31(3), 596–615 (2008).
- Saydah SH, Fradkin J, Cowie CC. Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA291(3), 335–342 (2004).
- American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2010. Diabetes Care33(Suppl. 1), S11–S61 (2010).
- Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.360(2), 129–139 (2009).
- Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med.358(24), 2545–2559 (2008).
- White J. Efficacy and safety of incretin based therapies: clinical trial data. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc.49(Suppl. 1), S30–S40 (2009).
- Brixner DI, McAdam-Marx C, Ye X et al. Six-month outcomes on A1C and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide in an ambulatory care setting. Diabetes Obes. Metab.11(12), 1122–1130 (2009).
- Blonde L, Klein EJ, Han J et al. Interim analysis of the effects of exenatide treatment on A1C, weight and cardiovascular risk factors over 82 weeks in 314 overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes. Metab.8(4), 436–447 (2006).
- Buse JB, Henry RR, Han J et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care27(11), 2628–2635 (2004).
- DeFronzo RA, Ratner RE, Han J, Kim DD, Fineman MS, Baron AD. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care28(5), 1092–1100 (2005).
- Feinglos MN, Saad MF, Pi-Sunyer FX, An B, Santiago O; Liraglutide Dose–Response Study Group. Effects of liraglutide (NN2211), a long-acting GLP-1 analogue, on glycaemic control and bodyweight in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet. Med.22(8), 1016–1023 (2005).
- Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R et al. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for Type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, Phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet373(9662), 473–481 (2009).
- Hanefeld M, Herman GA, Wu M, Mickel C, Sanchez M, Stein PP. Once-daily sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.23(6), 1329–1339 (2007).
- Vilsbøll T, Zdravkovic M, Le-Thi T et al. Liraglutide, a long-acting human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, given as monotherapy significantly improves glycemic control and lowers body weight without risk of hypoglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care30(6), 1608–1610 (2007).
- Vilsbøll T, Zdravkovic M, Le-Thi T et al. Six-month outcomes on A1C and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide in an ambulatory care setting. Diabetes Obes. Metab.11(12), 1122–1130 (2009).
- Rodbard HW, Jellinger PS, Davidson JA et al. Statement by an American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology consensus panel on Type 2 diabetes mellitus: an algorithm for glycemic control. Endocr. Pract.15(6), 540–559 (2009).
- Gill A, Hoogwerf BJ, Burger J et al. Effect of exenatide on heart rate and blood pressure in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol.9(1), 6 (2010).
- Mistry GC, Maes AL, Lasseter KC et al. Effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on blood pressure in nondiabetic patients with mild to moderate hypertension. J. Clin. Pharmacol.48(5), 592–598 (2008).
- Gutzwiller JP, Hruz P, Huber AR et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is involved in sodium and water homeostasis in humans. Digestion73(2–3), 142–150 (2006).
- Nyström T, Gutniak MK, Zhang Q et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on endothelial function in Type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.287(6), E1209–E1215 (2004).
- Ban K, Noyan-Ashraf MH, Hoefer J, Bolz SS, Drucker DJ, Husain M. Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Circulation117(18), 2340–2350 (2008).
- Inzucchi SE. Management of Hyperglycemia in the hospital setting. N. Engl. J. Med.355(18), 1903–1911 (2006).
- Stratton IM, Cull CA, Adler AI, Matthews DR, Neil HA, Holman RR. Additive effects of glycaemia and blood pressure exposure on risk of complications in Type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational study (UKPDS 75). Diabetologia49(8), 1761–1769 (2006).
- Amori RE, Lau J, Pittas AG. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in Type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA298(2), 194–206 (2007).
- Klonoff DC, Buse JB, Nielsen LL et al. Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.24(1), 275–286 (2008).
- Zinman B, Gerich J, Buse JB et al. Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with Type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).Diabetes Care32(7), 1224–1230 (2009).
- Basu A, Manning WG, Mullahy J. Comparing alternative models: log vs Cox proportional hazard? Health Econ.13(8), 749–765 (2004).
- Best J, Pelletier EM, Herman WH et al. Risk of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes treated with exenatide or other glucose-lowering therapies: a retrospective analysis of the PharMetrics database. Presented at: American Diabetes Association Scientific Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 25–29 June 2010.
Website
- International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas (2009) www.eatlas.idf.org
- CDC. National diabetes fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States (2007) www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf
- Joint National Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/