176
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Theme: Pediatric & Geriatric Cardiology - Review

Adapting the D-dimer cutoff for thrombosis detection in elderly outpatients

, &
Pages 751-759 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Oger E. Incidence of venous thromboembolism: a community-based study in Western France. EPI-GETBP Study Group. Groupe d’Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale. Thromb. Haemost. 83(5), 657–660 (2000).
  • Naess IA, Christiansen SC, Romundstad P, Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Hammerstrøm J. Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study. J. Thromb. Haemost. 5(4), 692–699 (2007).
  • Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study. Arch. Intern. Med. 158(6), 585–593 (1998).
  • Barritt DW, Jordan SC. Anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of pulmonary embolism. A controlled trial. Lancet 1(7138), 1309–1312 (1960).
  • Laporte S, Mismetti P, Décousus H et al.; RIETE Investigators. Clinical predictors for fatal pulmonary embolism in 15,520 patients with venous thromboembolism: findings from the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica venosa (RIETE) Registry. Circulation 117(13), 1711–1716 (2008).
  • Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS. Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin. Am. J. Med. 105(2), 91–99 (1998).
  • Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, Lane DA. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57(2), 173–180 (2011).
  • Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am. Heart J. 151(3), 713–719 (2006).
  • Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM et al. Differential value of risk factors and clinical signs for diagnosing pulmonary embolism according to age. J. Thromb. Haemost. 3(11), 2457–2464 (2005).
  • Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann. Intern. Med. 144(3), 165–171 (2006).
  • Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED d-dimer. Thromb. Haemost. 83(3), 416–420 (2000).
  • Wells PS, Hirsh J, Anderson DR et al. A simple clinical model for the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis combined with impedance plethysmography: potential for an improvement in the diagnostic process. J. Intern. Med. 243(1), 15–23 (1998).
  • Righini M, Le Gal G, Perrier A, Bounameaux H. Effect of age on the assessment of clinical probability of pulmonary embolism by prediction rules. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2(7), 1206–1208 (2004).
  • Righini M, Le Gal G, Perrier A, Bounameaux H. The challenge of diagnosing pulmonary embolism in elderly patients: influence of age on commonly used diagnostic tests and strategies. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 53(6), 1039–1045 (2005).
  • Righini M, Goehring C, Bounameaux H, Perrier A. Effects of age on the performance of common diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism. Am. J. Med. 109(5), 357–361 (2000).
  • Le Gal G, Righini M, Sanchez O et al. A positive compression ultrasonography of the lower limb veins is highly predictive of pulmonary embolism on computed tomography in suspected patients. Thromb. Haemost. 95(6), 963–966 (2006).
  • Johnson SA, Stevens SM, Woller SC et al. Risk of deep vein thrombosis following a single negative whole-leg compression ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 303(5), 438–445 (2010).
  • Righini M, Bounameaux H, Perrier A. Effect of age on the performance of single detector helical computed tomography in suspected pulmonary embolism. Thromb. Haemost. 91(2), 296–299 (2004).
  • Anderson DR, Kahn SR, Rodger MA et al. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography vs ventilation-perfusion lung scanning in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 298(23), 2743–2753 (2007).
  • Carrier M, Righini M, Wells PS et al. Subsegmental pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography: incidence and clinical implications. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the management outcome studies. J. Thromb. Haemost. 8(8), 1716–1722 (2010).
  • Carrier M, Righini M, Le Gal G. Symptomatic subsegmental pulmonary embolism: what is the next step? J. Thromb. Haemost. 10(8), 1486–1490 (2012).
  • Roy PM, Meyer G, Vielle B et al.; EMDEPU Study Group. Appropriateness of diagnostic management and outcomes of suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann. Intern. Med. 144(3), 157–164 (2006).
  • Righini M, Perrier A, De Moerloose P, Bounameaux H. d-dimer for venous thromboembolism diagnosis: 20 years later. J. Thromb. Haemost. 6(7), 1059–1071 (2008).
  • Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos AM, Vandvik PO; American College of Chest Physicians. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th Ed.: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141(Suppl. 2), e691S–e736S (2012).
  • Stein PD, Hull RD, Patel KC et al. d-dimer for the exclusion of acute venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Ann. Intern. Med. 140(8), 589–602 (2004).
  • van Beek EJ, Brouwerst EM, Song B, Stein PD, Oudkerk M. Clinical validity of a normal pulmonary angiogram in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism – a critical review. Clin. Radiol. 56(10), 838–842 (2001).
  • Hull R, Hirsh J, Sackett DL et al. Clinical validity of a negative venogram in patients with clinically suspected venous thrombosis. Circulation 64(3), 622–625 (1981).
  • Moores LK. Diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism: are we moving toward an outcome standard? Arch. Intern. Med. 166(2), 147–148 (2006).
  • Carrier M, Righini M, Djurabi RK et al. VIDAS d-dimer in combination with clinical pre-test probability to rule out pulmonary embolism. A systematic review of management outcome studies. Thromb. Haemost. 101(5), 886–892 (2009).
  • Fancher TL, White RH, Kravitz RL. Combined use of rapid d-dimer testing and estimation of clinical probability in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis: systematic review. BMJ 329(7470), 821 (2004).
  • Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M et al. Evaluation of d-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 349(13), 1227–1235 (2003).
  • Schutgens RE, Haas FJ, Biesma DH. Reduced efficacy of clinical probability score and d-dimer assay in elderly subjects suspected of having deep vein thrombosis. Br. J. Haematol. 129(5), 653–657 (2005).
  • Righini M, Nendaz M, Le Gal G, Bounameaux H, Perrier A. Influence of age on the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for suspected pulmonary embolism. J. Thromb. Haemost. 5(9), 1869–1877 (2007).
  • Righini M, de Moerloose P, Reber G, Perrier A, Bounameaux H. Should the d-dimer cutoff value be increased in elderly patients suspected of pulmonary embolism? Thromb. Haemost. 85(4), 744 (2001).
  • Harper PL, Theakston E, Ahmed J, Ockelford P. d-dimer concentration increases with age reducing the clinical value of the d-dimer assay in the elderly. Intern. Med. J. 37(9), 607–613 (2007).
  • Toll DB, Oudega R, Vergouwe Y, Moons KG, Hoes AW. A new diagnostic rule for deep vein thrombosis: safety and efficiency in clinically relevant subgroups. Fam. Pract. 25(1), 3–8 (2008).
  • Haas FJ, Schutgens RE, Biesma DH. An age-adapted approach for the use of d-dimers in the exclusion of deep venous thrombosis. Am. J. Hematol. 84(8), 488–491 (2009).
  • Douma RA, le Gal G, Söhne M et al. Potential of an age adjusted d-dimer cutoff value to improve the exclusion of pulmonary embolism in older patients: a retrospective analysis of three large cohorts. BMJ 340, c1475 (2010).
  • Jaffrelot M, Le Ven F, Le Roux PY et al. External validation of a d-dimer age-adjusted cutoff for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism. Thromb. Haemost. 107(5), 1005–1007 (2012).
  • Penaloza A, Roy PM, Kline J et al. Performance of age-adjusted d-dimer cutoff to rule out pulmonary embolism. J. Thromb. Haemost. 10(7), 1291–1296 (2012).
  • Douma RA, Tan M, Schutgens RE et al. Using an age-dependent d-dimer cutoff value increases the number of older patients in whom deep vein thrombosis can be safely excluded. Haematologica 97(10), 1507–1513 (2012).
  • Schouten HJ, Koek HL, Oudega R et al. Validation of two age dependent d-dimer cutoff values for exclusion of deep vein thrombosis in suspected elderly patients in primary care: retrospective, cross sectional, diagnostic analysis. BMJ 344, e2985 (2012).
  • Le Gal G, Bounameaux H. Diagnosing pulmonary embolism: running after the decreasing prevalence of cases among suspected patients. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2(8), 1244–1246 (2004).

Website

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.