Methods for molecular surveillance of influenza

References

• Taubenberger JK, Layne SP. Diagnosis of influenza virus: coming to grips with the molecular era. Mol. Diagn.6(4), 291–305 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guan Y, Smith GJ, Webby R, Webster RG. Molecular epidemiology of H5N1 avian influenza. Rev. Sci. Tech.28(1), 39–47 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peiris JS, Poon LL, Guan Y. Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) H1N1 virus in humans. J. Clin. Virol.45(3), 169–173 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouchier RA, Munster V, Wallensten A et al. Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. J. Virol.79(5), 2814–2822 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma W, Gramer M, Rossow K, Yoon KJ. Isolation and genetic characterization of new reassortant H3N1 swine influenza virus from pigs in the midwestern United States. J. Virol.80(10), 5092–5096 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munster VJ, Baas C, Lexmond P et al. Spatial, temporal, and species variation in prevalence of influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds. PLoS Pathog.3(5), e61 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner SJ, Brown LE, Doherty PC, Kelso A. Q&A: What have we found out about the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic virus? J. Biol.8(8), 69 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L et al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N. Engl. J. Med.360(25), 2605–2615 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torne AN, Cassini A, Ammon A et al. Initial epidemiological findings in the European Union following the declaration of pandemic alert level 5 due to influenza A (H1N1). Eurosurveillance14(18), 5–8 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Takimoto S, Grandien M, Ishida MA et al. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and virus isolation for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions. J. Clin. Microbiol.29(3), 470–474 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann E, Stech J, Guan Y, Webster RG, Perez DR. Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Arch. Virol.146(12), 2275–2289 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou B, Donnelly ME, Scholes DT et al. Single-reaction genomic amplification accelerates sequencing and vaccine production for classical and Swine origin human influenza A viruses. J. Virol.83(19), 10309–10313 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugan VG, Chen R, Spiro DJ et al. The evolutionary genetics and emergence of avian influenza viruses in wild birds. PLoS Pathog.4(5), e1000076 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gall A, Hoffmann B, Harder T, Grund C, Beer M. Universal primer set for amplification and sequencing of HA(0) cleavage sites of all influenza A viruses. J. Clin. Microbiol.46(8), 2561–2567 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Soll L, Dugan V et al. Examining the hemagglutinin subtype diversity among wild duck-origin influenza A viruses using ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs and a novel RT-PCR method. Virology375(1), 182–189 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alvarez AC, Brunck ME, Boyd V et al. A broad spectrum, one-step reverse-transcription PCR amplification of the neuraminidase gene from multiple subtypes of influenza A virus. Virol. J.5, 77 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu BF, Liu WJ, Peng DX, Hu SL, Tang YH, Liu XF. A reverse transcription-PCR for subtyping of the neuraminidase of avian influenza viruses. J. Virol. Methods155(2), 193–198 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spackman E, Suarez DL. Type A influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR. Methods Mol. Biol.436, 19–26 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander DJ. Avian influenza – diagnosis. Zoonoses Public Health55(1), 16–23 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Runstadler JA, Happ GM, Slemons RD et al. Using RRT-PCR analysis and virus isolation to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus infections in ducks at Minto Flats State Game Refuge, Alaska, during August 2005. Arch. Virol.152(10), 1901–1910 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Trani L, Bedini B, Donatelli I et al. A sensitive one-step real-time PCR for detection of avian influenza viruses using a MGB probe and an internal positive control. BMC Infect. Dis.6, 87 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bokma BH, Hall C, Siegfried LM, Weaver JT. Surveillance for avian influenza in the United States. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.1081, 163–168 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charlton B, Crossley B, Hietala S. Conventional and future diagnostics for avian influenza. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.32(4), 341–350 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aguero M, Sanchez A, San Miguel E, Gomez-Tejedor C, Jimenez-Clavero MA. A real-time TaqMan RT-PCR method for neuraminidase type 1 (N1) gene detection of H5N1 Eurasian strains of avian influenza virus. Avian Dis.51(1 Suppl.), 378–381 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu YY, Yan JY, Feng Y, Xu CP, Shi W, Mao HY. Rapid detection of H5 avian influenza virus by TaqMan-MGB real-time RT-PCR. Lett. Appl. Microbiol.46(1), 20–25 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, He B, Li C et al. Real-time RT-PCR for H5N1 avian influenza A virus detection. J. Med. Microbiol.56(Pt 5), 603–607 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hadzhiolova T, Pavlova S, Kotseva R. Laboratory investigation of the first suspected human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Bulgaria. Euro Surveill.13(30), pii: 18938 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das A, Spackman E, Thomas C, Swayne DE, Suarez DL. Detection of H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus in meat and tracheal samples from experimentally infected chickens. Avian Dis.52(1), 40–48 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar BP Gowda RNS, Pattnaik B et al. Rapid detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus by TaqMan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Int. J. Poult. Sci.8(3), 260–263 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Ng EK, Cheng PK, Ng AY, Hoang TL, Lim WW. Influenza A H5N1 detection. Emerg. Infect. Dis.11(8), 1303–1305 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carr MJ, Gunson R, Maclean A et al. Development of a real-time RT-PCR for the detection of swine-lineage influenza A (H1N1) virus infections. J. Clin. Virol.45(3), 196–199 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whiley DM, Bialasiewicz S, Bletchly C et al. Detection of novel influenza A(H1N1) virus by real-time RT-PCR. J. Clin. Virol.45(3), 203–204 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzel JJ, Walch H, Bollwein M et al. Library of prefabricated locked nucleic acid hydrolysis probes facilitates rapid development of reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR assays for detection of novel influenza A/H1N1/09 virus. Clin. Chem.55(12), 2218–2222 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giglio S, Monis PT, Saint CP. Demonstration of preferential binding of SYBR Green I to specific DNA fragments in real-time multiplex PCR. Nucleic Acids Res.31(22), e136 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krafft AE, Russell KL, Hawksworth AW et al. Evaluation of PCR testing of ethanol-fixed nasal swab specimens as an augmented surveillance strategy for influenza virus and adenovirus identification. J. Clin. Microbiol.43(4), 1768–1775 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ninove L, Gazin C, Gould EA et al. A simple method for molecular detection of swine-origin and human-origin influenza A virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karlsson M, Wallensten A, Lundkvist A, Olsen B, Brytting M. A real-time PCR assay for the monitoring of influenza A virus in wild birds. J. Virol. Methods144(1–2), 27–31 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Hou G, Zhuang Q et al. A SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of influenza A(H1N1) virus in swine populations. J. Virol. Methods162(1–2), 184–187 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu C, Cheng X, He J et al. A multiplex real-time RT-PCR for detection and identification of influenza virus types A and B and subtypes H5 and N1. J. Virol. Methods148(1–2), 81–88 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaharaein B, Omar AR, Aini I, Yusoff K, Hassan SS. Detection of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol. Res.164(2), 174–179 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ong WT, Omar AR, Ideris A, Hassan SS. Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay using SYBR Green 1 chemistry for simultaneous detection and subtyping of H9N2 influenza virus type A. J. Virol. Methods144(1–2), 57–64 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krunic N, Yager TD, Himsworth D, Merante F, Yaghoubian S, Janeczko R. xTAG RVP assay: analytical and clinical performance. J. Clin. Virol.40(Suppl. 1), S39–S46 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schena M, Shalon D, Davis RW, Brown PO. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science270(5235), 467–470 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pease AC, Solas D, Sullivan EJ, Cronin MT, Holmes CP, Fodor SP. Light-generated oligonucleotide arrays for rapid DNA sequence analysis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA91(11), 5022–5026 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JP, Chen S, Evans DH. Typing and subtyping influenza virus using DNA microarrays and multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol.39(2), 696–704 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend MB, Dawson ED, Mehlmann M et al. Experimental evaluation of the FluChip diagnostic microarray for influenza virus surveillance. J. Clin. Microbiol.44(8), 2863–2871 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson ED, Moore CL, Smagala JA et al. MChip: a tool for influenza surveillance. Anal. Chem.78(22), 7610–7615 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore CL, Smagala JA, Smith CB et al. Evaluation of MChip with historic subtype H1N1 influenza A viruses, including the 1918 ‘Spanish Flu’ strain. J. Clin. Microbiol.45(11), 3807–3810 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin BC, Malanoski AP, Wang Z et al. Universal detection and identification of avian influenza virus by use of resequencing microarrays. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(4), 988–993 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Tang H, Duffy S et al. Multiplex assay for simultaneously typing and subtyping influenza viruses by use of an electronic microarray. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(2), 390–396 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronaghi M. Pyrosequencing sheds light on DNA sequencing. Genome Res.11(1), 3–11 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bright RA, Medina MJ, Xu XY et al. Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. Lancet366(9492), 1175–1181 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyde VM, Tung N, Bright RA et al. Detection of molecular markers of antiviral resistance in influenza A (H5N1) viruses using a pyrosequencing method. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.53(3), 1039–1047 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackenby A, Democratis J, Siqueira MM, Zambon MC. Rapid quantitation of neuraminidase inhibitor drug resistance in influenza virus quasispecies. Antivir. Ther.13(6), 809–820 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duwe S, Schweiger B. A new and rapid genotypic assay for the detection of neuraminidase inhibitor resistant influenza A viruses of subtype H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1. J. Virol. Methods153(2), 134–141 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis JS, Smith JD, Braham S, Lock M, Barlow K, Zambon MC. Design and validation of an H5 TaqMan real-time one-step RT-PCR and confirmatory assays for detection and verification of influenza A H5 infections in humans. J. Clin. Microbiol.45(5), 1535–1543 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasick J. Advances in the molecular based techniques for the diagnosis and characterization of avian influenza virus infections. Transbound Emerg. Dis.55(8), 329–338 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau LT, Banks J, Aherne R et al. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification methods to detect avian influenza virus. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co.313(2), 336–342 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins RA, Ko LS, So KL, Ellis T, Lau LT, Yu ACH. A NASBA method to detect high- and low-pathogenicity H5 avian influenza viruses. Avian Diseases47, 1069–1074 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore C, Corden S, Sinha J, Jones R. Dry cotton or flocked respiratory swabs as a simple collection technique for the molecular detection of respiratory viruses using real-time NASBA. J. Virol. Methods153(2), 84–89 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res.28(12), E63 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayawardena S, Cheung CY, Barr I et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for influenza A (H5N1) virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis.13(6), 899–901 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen HT, Zhang J, Sun DH et al. Development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of H9 avian influenza virus. J. Virol. Methods151(2), 200–203 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito M, Watanabe M, Nakagawa N, Ihara T, Okuno Y. Rapid detection and typing of influenza A and B by loop-mediated isothermal amplification: comparison with immunochromatography and virus isolation. J. Virol. Methods135(2), 272–275 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai M, Ninomiya A, Minekawa H et al. Rapid diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection by newly developed influenza H5 hemagglutinin gene-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J. Virol. Methods141(2), 173–180 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for detection of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus – United States, 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(30), 826–829 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poon LL, Chan KH, Smith GJ et al. Molecular detection of a novel human influenza (H1N1) of pandemic potential by conventional and real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays. Clin. Chem.55(8), 1555–1558 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, Bose ME, Beck ET et al. Rapid multiplex reverse transcription-PCR typing of influenza A and B virus, and subtyping of influenza A virus into H1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, N1 (human), N1 (animal), N2, and N7, including typing of novel swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus, during the 2009 outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(9), 2772–2778 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Sheng ZM, Taubenberger JK. Detection of novel (swine origin) H1N1 influenza A virus by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(8), 2675–2677 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau SKP, Chan KH, Yip CCY et al. Confirmation of the first Hong Kong case of human infection by novel swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus diagnosed using ultrarapid, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(7), 2344–2346 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blair PJ, Wierzba TF, Touch S et al. Influenza epidemiology and characterization of influenza viruses in patients seeking treatment for acute fever in Cambodia. Epidemiol. Infect.138(2), 199–209 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly H, Grant K. Interim analysis of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in Australia: surveillance trends, age of infection and effectiveness of seasonal vaccination. Euro Surveill.14(31), pii: 19288 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson DJ, Honein MA, Rasmussen SA et al. H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection during pregnancy in the USA. Lancet374(9688), 451–458 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infections – Chicago, Illinois, April–July 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(33), 913–918 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levy-Bruhl D, Vaux S. Modified surveillance of influenza A(H1N1)v virus infections in France. Euro Surveill.14(29), pii: 19276 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Belgian working group on influenza A(H1N1)v. Influenza A(H1N1)v virus infections in Belgium, May–June 2009. Euro Surveill.14(28), pii: 19270 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Baker MG, Wilson N, Huang QS et al. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v in New Zealand: the experience from April to August 2009. Euro Surveill.14(34), pii: 19319 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Lytras T, Theocharopoulos G, Tsiodras S, Mentis A, Panagiotopoulos T, Bonovas S. Enhanced surveillance of influenza A(H1N1)v in Greece during the containment phase. Euro Surveill.14(29), pii: 19275 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellis J, Iturriza M, Allen R et al. Evaluation of four real-time PCR assays for detection of influenza A(H1N1)v viruses. Euro Surveill.14(22), pii: 19230 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sims LD, Domenech J, Benigno C et al. Origin and evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Asia. Vet. Rec.157(6), 159–164 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattoli G, Monne I, Fusaro A et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates. PLoS One4(3), e4842 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• No authors listed. More detections of avian influenza in wild birds in Europe: Commission approves limited poultry vaccination. Euro Surveill.11(2), E060223.1 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Williams RA, Peterson AT. Ecology and geography of avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) transmission in the Middle East and northeastern Africa. Int. J. Health Geogr.8, 47 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munster VJ, Veen J, Olsen B, Vogel R, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Towards improved influenza A virus surveillance in migrating birds. Vaccine24(44–46), 6729–6733 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fereidouni SR, Starick E, Grund C et al. Rapid molecular subtyping by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of the neuraminidase gene of avian influenza A viruses. Vet. Microbiol.135(3–4), 253–260 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dusek RJ, Bortner JB, DeLiberto TJ et al. Surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006–2007. Avian Dis.53(2), 222–230 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Globig A, Staubach C, Beer M et al. Epidemiological and ornithological aspects of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 of Asian lineage in wild birds in Germany, 2006 and 2007. Transbound Emerg. Dis.56(3), 57–72 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pannwitz G, Wolf C, Harder T. Active surveillance for avian influenza virus infection in wild birds by analysis of avian fecal samples from the environment. J. Wildl. Dis.45(2), 512–518 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis TM, Dyrting KC, Wong CW et al. Analysis of H5N1 avian influenza infections from wild bird surveillance in Hong Kong from January 2006 to October 2007. Avian Pathol.38(2), 107–119 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wan XF, Nguyen T, Davis CT et al. Evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Vietnam between 2001 and 2007. PLoS One3(10), e3462 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shieh HK, Chang PC, Chen TH, Li KP, Chan CH. Surveillance of avian and swine influenza in the swine population in Taiwan, 2004. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect41(3), 231–242 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferro PJ, Osterstock J, Norby B, Fosgate GT, Lupiani B. Evaluation of a 384-well format for high-throughput real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for avian influenza testing. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.21(5), 679–683 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oxford JS. Antivirals for the treatment and prevention of epidemic and pandemic influenza. Influenza Other Respi. Viruses1(1), 27–34 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen JT, Hoopes JD, Smee DF et al. Triple combination of oseltamivir, amantadine, and ribavirin displays synergistic activity against multiple influenza virus strains in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.53(10), 4115–4126 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layne SP, Monto AS, Taubenberger JK. Pandemic influenza: an inconvenient mutation. Science323(5921), 1560–1561 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong MD, Tran TT, Truong HK et al. Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection. N. Engl. J. Med.353(25), 2667–2672 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward P, Small I, Smith J, Suter P, Dutkowski R. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu (R)) and its potential for use in the event of an influenza pandemic. J. Antimicrob. Chemoth.55, 5–21 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackenby A, Hungnes O, Dudman SG et al. Emergence of resistance to oseltamivir among influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Europe. Euro Surveill.13(5), pii: 8026 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carr MJ, Sayre N, Duffy M, Connell J, Hall WW. Rapid molecular detection of the H275Y oseltamivir resistance gene mutation in circulating influenza A (H1N1) viruses. J. Virol. Methods153(2), 257–262 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duwe S, Schweiger B. A new and rapid genotypic assay for the detection of neuraminidase inhibitor resistant influenza A viruses of subtype H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1. J. Virol. Methods153(2), 134–141 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyde VM, Okomo-Adhiambo M, Sheu TG et al. Pyrosequencing as a tool to detect molecular markers of resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors in seasonal influenza A viruses. Antiviral Res.81(1), 16–24 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laplante JM, Marshall SA, Shudt M et al. Influenza antiviral resistance testing in new york and wisconsin, 2006 to 2008: methodology and surveillance data. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(5), 1372–1378 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in two summer campers receiving prophylaxis – North Carolina, 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(35), 969–972 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung TW, Tai AL, Cheng PK, Kong MS, Lim W. Detection of an oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus in Hong Kong. J. Clin. Virol.46(3), 298–299 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar