162
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen levels in chronic hepatitis B

, &
Pages 717-726 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • McMahon BJ. The natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology49(5 Suppl.), S451–S55 (2009).
  • Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology50(3), 6611–662 (2009).
  • Ganem D, Prince A. Hepatitis B virus infection 1– natural history and clinical consequences. N. Engl. J. Med.350(11), 1118–1129 (2004).
  • Lai CL, Yuen MF. The natural history and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a critical evaluation of standard treatment criteria and end points. Ann. Intern. Med.147(1), 58–61 (2007).
  • Papatheodoridis GV, Chrysanthos N, Hadziyannis E, Cholongitas E, Manesis EK. Longitudinal changes in serum HBV DNA levels and predictors of progression during the natural course of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Viral Hepatol.15(6), 4341–441 (2008).
  • Zacharakis G, Koskinas J, Kotsiou S et al. The role of serial measurement of serum HBV DNA levels in patients with chronic HBeAg(-) hepatitis B infection: association with liver disease progression. A prospective cohort study. J. Hepatol.49(6), 8841–891 (2008).
  • Saldanha J, Gerlich W, Lelie N et al. An international collaborative study to establish a World Health Organization international standard for hepatitis B virus DNA nucleic acid amplification techniques. Vox Sang.80(1), 631–71 (2001).
  • Chen G, Lin W, Shen F et al. Past HBV viral load as predictor of mortality and morbidity from HCC and chronic liver disease in a prospective study. Am. J. Gastroenterol.101(8), 1797–1803 (2006).
  • Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA295(1), 651–73 (2006).
  • Iloeje U, Yang H, Su J et al. HBV viral load less than 104 copies/ml is associated with significant risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: an update from the R.E.V.E.A.L. HBV study. Hepatology46(4 Suppl. 1), 640A (2007).
  • Wu CF, Yu MW, Lin CL et al. Long-term tracking of hepatitis B viral load and the relationship with risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in men. Carcinogenesis29(1), 1061–112 (2008).
  • Fung J, Yuen MF, Yuen JC, Wong DK, Lai CL. Low serum HBV DNA levels and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a case1–control study. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther.26(3), 377–382 (2007).
  • Mommeja-Marin H, Mondou E, Blum MR, Rousseau F. Serum HBV DNA as a marker of efficacy during therapy for chronic HBV infection: analysis and review of the literature. Hepatology37(6), 1309–1319 (2003).
  • Yuen MF, Ng IO, Fan ST et al. Significance of HBV DNA levels in liver histology of HBeAg and anti-HBe positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. Am. J. Gastroenterol.99(10), 20321–2037 (2004).
  • Fung J, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Hepatitis B and C virus-related carcinogenesis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.15(11), 9641–970 (2009).
  • Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH et al. The impact of hepatitis B viral load on recurrence after complete necrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who receive transarterial chemolipiodolization: implications for viral suppression to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Cancer110(8), 1760–1767 (2007).
  • Hung IF, Poon RT, Lai CL et al. Recurrence of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with high viral load at the time of resection. Am. J. Gastroenterol.103(7), 16631–1673 (2008).
  • Kubo S, Hirohashi K, Tanaka H et al. Effect of viral status on recurrence after liver resection for patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer88(5), 10161–1024 (2000).
  • Kim BK, Park JY, Kim do Y et al. Persistent hepatitis B viral replication affects recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Liver Int.28(3), 3931–401 (2008).
  • Liaw YF, Leung N, Kao JH et al. Asian1–Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update. Hepatol. Int.3, 2631–283 (2008).
  • Liver EAftSot. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B. J. Hepatol.50, 227–242 (2009).
  • Yuen MF, Sablon E, Hui CK et al. Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy. Hepatology34(4), 7851–791 (2001).
  • Locarnini S, Qi S, Arterburn S et al. Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). J. Hepatol.42(Suppl. 2), 17 (2005).
  • Reijnders JG, Leemans WF, Hansen BE et al. On-treatment monitoring of adefovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B: virologic response can be assessed at 24 weeks. J. Viral Hepatol.16(2), 1131–120 (2009).
  • Lai CL, Leung N, Teo EK et al. A 1-year trial of telbivudine, lamivudine, and the combination in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology129(2), 528–536 (2005).
  • Zeuzem S, Gane E, Liaw YF et al. Baseline characteristics and early on-treatment response predict the outcomes of 2 years of telbivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J. Hepatol.51(1), 111–20 (2009).
  • Yuen MF, Fong DY, Wong DK et al. Hepatitis B virus DNA levels at week 4 of lamivudine treatment predict the 5-year ideal response. Hepatology64(6), 16951–1703 (2007).
  • Keeffe EB, Zeuzem S, Koff RS et al. Report of an international workshop: roadmap for management of patients receiving oral therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.5(8), 890–897 (2007).
  • Yuen MF, Seto WK, Chow DH et al. Long-term lamivudine therapy reduces the risk of long-term complications of chronic hepatitis B infection even in patients without advanced disease. Antiviral. Ther.12, 12951–1303 (2007).
  • Tenney DJ, Rose RE, Baldick CJ et al. Long-term monitoring shows hepatitis B virus resistance to entecavir in nucleoside-naive patients is rare through 5 years of therapy. Hepatology49(5), 15031–1514 (2009).
  • Yuen MF, Fung J, Wong DK, Lai CL. Prevention and management of drug resistance for antihepatitis B treatment. Lancet Infect. Dis.9(4), 2561–264 (2009).
  • Allen MI, Deslauriers M, Andrews CW et al. Identification and characterization of mutations in hepatitis B virus resistant to lamivudine. Lamivudine Clinical Investigation Group. Hepatology27(6), 1670–1677 (1998).
  • Angus P, Vaughan R, Xiong S et al. Resistance to adefovir dipivoxil therapy associated with the selection of a novel mutation in the HBV polymerase. Gastroenterology125(2), 2921–297 (2003).
  • Lampertico P, Vigano M, Manenti E et al. Low resistance to adefovir combined with lamivudine: a 3-year study of 145 lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B patients. Gastroenterology133(5), 14451–1451 (2007).
  • Lampertico P, Vigano M, Manenti E et al. Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine. Hepatology42(6), 14141–1419 (2005).
  • Tenney DJ, Levine SM, Rose RE et al. Clinical emergence of entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus requires additional substitutions in virus already resistant to lamivudine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.48(9), 3498–3507 (2004).
  • Tenney DJ, Rose RE, Baldick CJ et al. Two-year assessment of entecavir resistance in lamivudine-refractory hepatitis B virus patients reveals different clinical outcomes depending on the resistance substitutions present. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.51(3), 9021–911 (2007).
  • Mukaide M, Tanaka Y, Shin IT et al. The mechanism of entecavir resistance of hepatitis B virus with viral breakthrough as determined by long-term clinical assessment and molecular docking simulation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.54(2), 8821–889 (2009).
  • Song BC, Suh DJ, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion after lamivudine therapy is not durable in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Korea. Hepatology32(4 Pt 1), 8031–806 (2000).
  • Byun KS, Kwon OS, Kim JH et al. Factors related to post-treatment relapse in chronic hepatitis B patients who lost HBeAg after lamivudine therapy. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.20(12), 1838–1842 (2005).
  • Chien RN, Yeh CT, Tsai SL, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Determinants for sustained HBeAg response to lamivudine therapy. Hepatology38(5), 1267–1273 (2003).
  • Fung J, Lai CL, Tanaka Y et al. The duration of lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B: cessation vs. continuation of treatment after HBeAg seroconversion. Am. J. Gastroenterol.104(8), 1940–1946; quiz 1947 (2009).
  • Gish RG, Lok AS, Chang TT et al. Entecavir therapy for up to 96 weeks in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology133(5), 1437–1444 (2007).
  • Poynard T, Hou J, Chutaputti A, Manns M, Naoumov N. Sustained durability of HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients after treatment with telbivudine. J. Hepatol.48(Suppl. 2), S2631–S264 (2008).
  • Pichoud C, Berby F, Stuyver L et al. Persistence of viral replication after anti-HBe seroconversion during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B. J. Hepatol.32(2), 307–316 (2000).
  • Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease.N. Engl. J. Med.351(15), 15211–1531 (2004).
  • Dienstag JL, Cianciara J, Karayalcin S et al. Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology37(4), 748–755 (2003).
  • Liaw YF, Chang TT, Wu SS et al. Long-term entecavir therapy results in reversal of fibrosis/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with HBeAg(+) and (-) chronic hepatitis B: results from studies ETV-022, -027 and -901. Hepatology48(4 Suppl.), 706A (2008).
  • Sheu SY, Lo SJ. Preferential ribosomal scanning is involved in the differential synthesis of the hepatitis B viral surface antigens from subgenomic transcripts. Virology188(1), 3531–357 (1992).
  • Huovila AP, Eder AM, Fuller SD. Hepatitis B surface antigen assembles in a post-ER, pre-Golgi compartment. J. Cell Biol.118(6), 13051–1320 (1992).
  • Patzer EJ, Nakamura GR, Simonsen CC, Levinson AD, Brands R. Intracellular assembly and packaging of hepatitis B surface antigen particles occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Virol.58(3), 8841–892 (1986).
  • Gilbert RJ, Beales L, Blond D et al. Hepatitis B small surface antigen particles are octahedral. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA102(41), 147831–14788 (2005).
  • Janssen HL, Kerhof-Los CJ, Heijtink RA, Schalm SW. Measurement of HBsAg to monitor hepatitis B viral replication in patients on a-interferon therapy. Antiviral Res.23(31–4), 2511–257 (1994).
  • Deguchi M, Yamashita N, Kagita M et al. Quantitation of hepatitis B surface antigen by an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. J. Virol. Methods115(2), 217–222 (2004).
  • Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF et al. Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med.347(3), 168–174 (2002).
  • Fattovich G, Olivari N, Pasino M et al. Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Caucasian patients: mortality after 25 years. Gut57(1), 841–90 (2008).
  • Moucari R, Korevaar A, Lada O et al. High rates of HBsAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients responding to interferon: a long-term follow-up study. J. Hepatol.50(6), 10841–1092 (2009).
  • van Zonneveld M, Honkoop P, Hansen BE et al. Long-term follow-up of α-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology39(3), 8041–810 (2004).
  • Liaw YF, Sheen IS, Chen TJ, Chu CM, Pao CC. Incidence, determinants and significance of delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective study. Hepatology13(4), 627–631 (1991).
  • McMahon BJ, Holck P, Bulkow L, Snowball M. Serologic and clinical outcomes of 1536 Alaska Natives chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Ann. Intern. Med.135(9), 759–768 (2001).
  • Manno M, Camma C, Schepis F et al. Natural history of chronic HBV carriers in northern Italy: morbidity and mortality after 30 years. Gastroenterology127(3), 7561–763 (2004).
  • Yuen MF, Wong DK, Fung J et al. HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B in Asian patients: replicative level and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology135(4), 11921–1199 (2008).
  • Manesis EK, Papatheodoridis GV, Hadziyannis E, Nastos T, Karayannis P. HBsAg serum levels correlate with total liver HBV DNA but not with cccDNA. Hepatology48(4 Suppl.), 371A (2008).
  • Thompson A, Nguyen T, Gane E et al. Serum HBsAg concentration: relationship to intrahepatic and serum markers of HBV replication. J. Hepatol.50(Suppl. 1), S1441–S145 (2009).
  • Pollicino T, Raffa G, Iannello G et al. Real-time PCR quantification of serum and intracellular HBV DNA and HDV RNA in different subsets of chronic HBV infected patients. J. Hepatol.50(Suppl. 1), S212 (2009).
  • Hui CK, Cheung WW, Zhang HY et al. Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology131(1), 59–68 (2006).
  • Dhedin N, Douvin C, Kuentz M et al. Reverse seroconversion of hepatitis B after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a retrospective study of 37 patients with pretransplant anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Transplantation66(5), 6161–619 (1998).
  • Dervite I, Hober D, Morel P. Acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was receiving rituximab. N. Engl. J. Med.344(1), 68–69 (2001).
  • Kuhns MC, Kleinman SH, McNamara AL et al. Lack of correlation between HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in blood donors who test positive for HBsAg and anti-HBc: implications for future HBV screening policy. Transfusion44(9), 13321–1339 (2004).
  • Ozdil B, Cosar AM, Akkiz H, Sandikci MU, Kece C. Negative correlation between viral load and HBsAg levels in chronic HBV-infected patients. Arch. Virol.154(9), 14511–1455 (2009).
  • Chen CH, Lee CM, Wang JH et al. Correlation of quantitative assay of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA levels in asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.16(11), 12131–1218 (2004).
  • Wursthorn K, Jung M, Manns M et al. Different kinetics of serum HBsAg decline in HBeAg-positive vs HBeAg-negative patients during 3 years of telbivudine treatment in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology50(4 Suppl.), 536A (2009).
  • Jaroszewicz J, Serrano BC, Wursthorn K et al. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infection: a European perspective. J. Hepatol.52(4), 5141–522 (2010).
  • Nguyen T, Thompson AJ, Bowden S et al. Hepatitis B surface antigen levels during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B: a perspective on Asia. J. Hepatol.52(4), 508–513 (2010).
  • Marcellin P, Chang TT, Lim SG et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology48(3), 750–758 (2008).
  • Dienstag JL, Schiff ER, Wright TL et al. Lamivudine as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis B in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med.341(17), 12561–1263 (1999).
  • Zeng M, Mao Y, Yao G et al. A double-blind randomized trial of adefovir dipivoxil in Chinese subjects with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology44(1), 108–116 (2006).
  • Janssen HL, van Zonneveld M, Senturk H et al. Pegylated interferon α-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial. Lancet365(9454), 1231–129 (2005).
  • Lau GK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX et al. Peginterferon α-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J. Med.352(26), 26821–2695 (2005).
  • Marcellin P, Lau GK, Bonino F et al. Peginterferon α-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J. Med.351(12), 12061–1217 (2004).
  • Fattovich G, Giustina G, Sanchez-Tapias J et al. Delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in compensated cirrhosis B: relation to interferon α therapy and disease prognosis. European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP). Am. J. Gastroenterol.93(6), 8961–900 (1998).
  • Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S et al. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon α for chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J. Med.334(22), 14221–1427 (1996).
  • Buster EH, Flink HJ, Cakaloglu Y et al. Sustained HBeAg and HBsAg loss after long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon α-2b. Gastroenterology135(2), 459–467 (2008).
  • Yuen MF, Hui CK, Cheng CC et al. Long-term follow-up of interferon α treatment in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: the effect on hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion and the development of cirrhosis-related complications. Hepatology34(1), 139–145 (2001).
  • Truong> BX, Seo Y, Kato M et al. Long-term follow-up of Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon-a. Int. J. Mol. Med.16(2), 279–284 (2005).
  • Gish RG, Chang TT, Lai CL et al. Loss of HBsAg antigen during treatment with entecavir or lamivudine in nucleoside-naive HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. J. Viral Hepatol.17(1), 161–22 (2010).
  • Moucari R, Martinot-Peignoux M, Mackiewicz V et al. Influence of genotype on hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients treated with pegylated interferon-a2a. Antiviral Ther.14(8), 11831–1188 (2009).
  • Desalegn A, Jiang Y, Cai Y, Niu J. Serum HBsAg and HBV DNA among HBeAg positive and negative chronic hepatitis B patients during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. Hepatology50(4 Suppl.), 541A1–542A (2009).
  • Wiegand J, Wedemeyer H, Finger A et al. A decline in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (hbsag) predicts clearance, but does not correlate with quantitative hbeag or HBV DNA levels. Antiviral. Ther.13(4), 547–554 (2008).
  • Chan HL, Wong VW, Tse AM et al. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen quantitation can reflect hepatitis B virus in the liver and predict treatment response. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.5(12), 14621–1468 (2007).
  • Tangkijvanich P, Komolmit P, Mahachai V et al. Comparison between quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e-antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA levels for predicting virological response to pegylated interferon-α-2b therapy in hepatitis B e-antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol. Res.40(3), 269–277 (2010).
  • Manesis EK, Hadziyannis ES, Angelopoulou OP, Hadziyannis SJ. Prediction of treatment-related HBsAg loss in HBeAG-negative chronic hepatitis B: a clue from serum HBsAg levels. Antiviral Ther.12(1), 731–82 (2007).
  • Tangkijvanich P, Komolmit P, Mahachai V et al. Low pretreatment serum HBsAg level and viral mutations as predictors of response to PEG-interferon α-2b therapy in chronic hepatitis B. J. Clin. Virol.46(2), 117–123 (2009).
  • Brunetto MR, Moriconi F, Bonino F et al. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen levels: a guide to sustained response to peginterferon α-2a in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology49(4), 11411–1150 (2009).
  • Takkenberg B, Zaaijer H, Niet A et al. High levels of HBsAg and HBV DNA during treatment predict failure for HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon α-2a (Pegasys) and adefovir (Hepsera); an interim analysis. Hepatology50(4 Suppl.), 541A (2009).
  • Takkenberg B, Zaaijer H, Niet A et al. Baseline HBsAg level and on-treatment HBsAg and HBV DNA decline predict sustained virological response in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon α-2a (Pegasys) and adefovir (Hepsera); an interim analysis. Hepatology50(4 Suppl.), 538A1–539A (2009).
  • Takkenberg B, Zaaijer H, Niet A et al. Baseline HBsAg levels predict HBsAg loss in HBeAg negative but not in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon α-2A (Pegasys) and adefovir (Hepsera); an interim analysis. Hepatology50(4 Suppl.), 536A1–537A (2009).
  • Van Bommel F, Bock F, Hensel-Wiegel K et al. Kinetics of HBsAg levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during up to 4 years of treatment with acyclic nucleotide analogues. Hepatology50(4 Suppl.), 522A (2009).
  • Hou J, Sun J, Xie Q et al. On-treatment quantification of HBsAg in difficult-to-treat patients with lamivudine resistance can help identify those most likely to achieve sustained post-treatment response to peginterferon α-2a rescue therapy. Hepatology50(4 Suppl.), 490A (2009).
  • Jung YK, Kim JH, Lee YS et al. Change in serum hepatitis B surface antigen level and its clinical significance in treatment-naive, hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients receiving entecavir. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181d52946 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.