197
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Preventing infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis

, &
Pages 643-655 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Haley RW, Culver DH, White JW et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am. J. Epidemiol.121, 182–205 (1985).
  • U.S. Renal Data System, USRDS 2009 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA (2009).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for preventing transmission of infections among chronic hemodialysis patients. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.50(RR-5), 1–43 (2001).
  • National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Clinical practice guidelines for vascular access, 2000. Am. J. Kidney Dis.37, S137–S181 (2001).
  • National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Clinical practice guidelines for 2006 updates: hemodialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis adequacy, and vascular access. Am. J. Kidney Dis.48, S1–S322 (2006).
  • O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Dellinger EP et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.51(RR-10), 1–29 (2002).
  • Boyce JM, Pittet D. Guidelines for hand hygiene in health-care settings. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.51(RR-16), 1–45 (2002).
  • George A, Tokars JI, Clutterbuck EJ, Bamford KB, Pusey C, Holmes AH. Reducing dialysis associated bacteraemia, and recommendations for surveillance in the United Kingdom: prospective study. Br. Med. J.332, 1435–1439 (2006).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis: control measures for hepatitis B in dialysis centers. In: Viral Hepatitis Investigations and Control Series. CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA (1977).
  • Miller ER, Alter MJ, Tokars JI. Protective effect of hepatitis B vaccine in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis.33, 356–360 (1999).
  • Finelli L, Miller JT, Tokars JI, Alter MJ, Arduino MJ. National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 2002. Semin. Dial.18, 52–61 (2005).
  • Bond TC, Patel PR, Krisher J et al. Association of standing-order policies with vaccination rates in dialysis clinics: a US-based cross-sectional study. Am. J. Kidney Dis.54, 86–94 (2009).
  • Armstrong GL, Wasley A, Simard EP, McQuillan GM, Kuhnert WL, Alter MJ. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002. Ann. Intern. Med.144, 705–714 (2006).
  • Thompson ND, Novak RT, Datta D et al. Hepatitis C virus transmission in hemodialysis units: importance of infection control practices and aseptic technique. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.30, 900–903 (2009).
  • Girou E, Chevaliez S, Challine D et al. Determinant roles of environmental contamination and noncompliance with standard precautions in the risk of hepatitis C virus transmission in a hemodialysis unit. Clin. Infect. Dis.47, 627–633 (2008).
  • Fiore AE, Shay DK, Broder K et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(RR-8), 1–52 (2009).
  • Gilbertson DT, Unruh M, McBean AM, Kausz AT, Snyder JJ, Collins AJ. Influenza vaccine delivery and effectiveness in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int.63, 738–743 (2003).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended adult immunization schedule – United States, 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.57 (2009).
  • Pearson ML, Bridges CB, Harper SA. Influenza vaccination of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.55(RR-2), 252 (2006).
  • Saxon H, Virtanen M. Randomized, placebo-controlled double blind study on the efficacy of influenza immunization on absenteeism of health care workers. Pediatr. Inf. Dis. J.18, 779–783 (1999).
  • Salgado CD, Giannetta ET, Hayden FG, Farr BM. Preventing nosocomial influenza by improving the vaccine acceptance rate of clinicians. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.25, 923–928 (2004).
  • Potter J, Stott DJ, Roberts MA et al. Influenza vaccination of health care workers in long-term care hospitals reduces the mortality of elderly patients. J. Infect. Dis.175, 1–6 (1997).
  • Lemaitre M, Meret T, Rothan-Tondeur M et al. Effect of influenza vaccination of nursing home staff on mortality of residents: a cluster-randomized trial. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.57, 1580–1586 (2009).
  • Tapiainen T, Bar G, Schaad UB, Heininger U. Influenza vaccination among healthcare workers in a university children’s hospital. Infect. Contr. Hosp. Epidemiol.26, 855–858 (2005).
  • Wodi AP, Samy S Ezeanolue E et al. Influenza vaccine: immunization rates, knowledge, and attributes of resident physicians in an urban teaching hospital. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.26, 867–873 (2005).
  • Goldstein AO, Kincade JE, Gamble G, Bearman RS. Policies and practices for improving influenza immunization rates among healthcare workers. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.25, 908–911 (2004).
  • Kallen AJ, Fiore AE. Overcoming challenges to influenza vaccination in patients with CKD. Am. J. Kidney Dis.54, 6–9 (2009).
  • Engemann JJ, Friedman JY, Reed SD et al. Clinical outcomes and costs due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.26, 534–539 (2005).
  • Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Andrus ML, Peterson KD, Dudeck TC, Horan TC. Dialysis surveillance report: National Healthcare Safety Network – data summary for 2006. Semin. Dial.21, 24–28 (2008).
  • Dopirak M, Hill C, Oleksiw M et al. Surveillance of hemodialysis-associated primary bloodstream infections: the experience of ten hospital-based centers. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.23, 721–724 (2002).
  • Lok CE. Fistula first initiative: advantages and pitfalls. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.2, 1043–1053 (2007).
  • Hoffman KK, Weber DJ, Samsa GP, Rutala WA. Transparent polyurethane film as an intravenous catheter dressing: a meta-analysis of the infection risks. JAMA267, 2072–2076 (1992).
  • Gillies D, Carr D, Frost J, O’Riordan E, Gunning R, O’Brien I. Gauze and tape and transparent polyurethane dressings for central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.3, CD003827 (2003).
  • Maki DG, Ringer M, Alvarado CJ. Prospective randomized trial of povidone-iodine, alcohol, and chlorhexidine for prevention of infection associated with central venous and arterial catheters. Lancet338, 339–343 (1991).
  • Chaiyakunapruk N, Veenstra DL, Lipsky BA, Saint S. Chlorhexidine compared with povidone-iodine solution for vascular catheter-site care: a meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med.136, 792–801 (2002).
  • Mimoz O, Pieroni L, Lawrence C et al. Prospective, randomized trial of two antiseptic solutions for prevention of central venous or arterial catheter colonization and infection in intensive care unit patients. Crit. Care Med.24, 1818–1823 (1996).
  • Ash SR. The evolution and function of central venous catheters for dialysis. Semin. Dial.14, 416–424 (2001).
  • Romero-Gómez MP, Quiles-Melero MI, Peña Garcia P et al. Outbreak of Burkholderia cepecia bacteremia caused by contaminated chlorhexidine in a hemodialysis unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.29, 377–378 (2008).
  • Kaitwatcharachai C, Silpapojakul K, Jitsurong S, Kalnauwakul S. An outbreak of Burkholderia cepecia bacteremia in hemodialysis patients: an epidemiologic and molecular study. Am. J. Kidney Dis.36, 199–204 (2000).
  • Levin A, Mason AJ, Jindal KK, Fong IW, Goldstein MB. Prevention of hemodialysis subclavian vein catheter infections by topical povidone iodine. Kidney Int.40, 934–938 (1991).
  • Sesso R, Barbosa D, Leme IL et al.Staphylococcus aureus prophylaxis in hemodialysis patients using central venous catheter: effect of mupirocin ointment. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.9, 1085–1092 (1998).
  • Johnson DW, van Eps C, Mudge DW et al. Randomized, controlled trial of topical exit-site application of honey (Medihoney) versus mupirocin for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in hemodialysis patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.16, 1456–1462 (2005).
  • Lok CE, Stanley KE, Hux JE, Richardson R, Tobe SW, Conly J. Hemodialysis infection prevention with polysporin ointment. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.13, 169–179 (2003).
  • James MT, Conley J, Tonelli M, Manns BJ, Macrae J, Hemmelgarn BR. Meta-analysis: antibiotics for prophylaxis against hemodialysis catheter-related infections. Ann. Intern. Med.148, 596–605 (2008).
  • Yahav D, Rozen-Zvi B, Gafter-Gvili A, Leibovici L, Gafter U, Paul M. Antimicrobial lock solutions for the prevention of infections associated with intravascular catheters in patients undergoing hemodialysis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin. Infect. Dis.47, 83–93 (2008).
  • Jaffer Y, Shelby NM, Taal MW, Fluck RJ, McIntyre CW. A meta-analysis of hemodialysis catheter locking solutions in the prevention of catheter-related infection. Am. J. Kidney Dis.51, 233–241 (2008).
  • Labriola L, Crott R, Jadoul M. Preventing haemodialysis catheter-related bacteraemia with an antimicrobial lock solution: a meta-analysis of prospective randomized trials. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant23, 1666–1672 (2007).
  • Abbas SA, Haloob IA, Taylor SL et al. Effect of antimicrobial locks for tunneled hemodialysis catheters on bloodstream infection and bacterial resistance: a quality improvement report. Am. J. Kidney Dis.53, 492–502 (2009).
  • Dankert J, Uitentuis J, Houwen B, Tegzess AM, van der Hem GK. Hepatitis B surface antigen in environmental samples from hemodialysis units. J. Infect. Dis.134, 123–127 (1976).
  • Favero MS, Maynard JE, Petersen NJ et al. Letter: Hepatitis-B antigen on environmental surfaces. Lancet2, 1455 (1973).
  • Bond WW, Petersen NJ, Favero MS. Viral hepatitis B: aspects of environmental control. Health Lab. Sci.14, 235–252 (1977).
  • Froio N, Nicastri E, Comandini UV et al. Contamination by hepatitis B and C viruses in the dialysis setting. Am. J. Kidney Dis.42, 546–550 (2003).
  • Arduino MJ. Dialysis-associated complications and their control. In: Bennett and Brachman’s Hospital Infections. Jarvis WR (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, PA, USA, 339–379 (2007).
  • Snydman DR, Bryan JA, London WT et al. Transmission of hepatitis B associated with hemodialysis: role of malfunction (blood leaks) in dialysis machines. J. Infect. Dis.134, 562–570 (1976).
  • Tokars JI, Arduino MJ, Alter MJ. Infection control in hemodialysis units. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.15, 797–812 (2001).
  • Weber DJ, Barbee SL, Sobsey MD, Rutala WA. The effect of blood on the antiviral activity of sodium hypochlorite, a phenolic, and a quaternary ammonium compound. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.20, 821–827 (1999).
  • Thompson ND, Perz JF, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD. Non-hospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission, United States, 1998–2008. Ann. Intern. Med.150, 33–39 (2009).
  • Grohskopf LA, Roth VR, Feiken DR et al.Serratia liquefaciens bloodstream infections from contamination of epoetin alfa at a hemodialysis center. N. Engl. J. Med.344, 1491–1497 (2001).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection control requirements for dialysis facilities and clarification regarding guidance on parenteral medication vials. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.57, 875–876 (2008).
  • Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA298, 1763–1771 (2007).
  • Kutty PK, Benoit SR, Woods CW et al. Assessment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease surveillance definitions, North Carolina, 2005. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.29, 197–202 (2008).
  • Jones RN. Resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: trends over the past few years. Chest119(2 Suppl.), 397S–404S (2001).
  • Hidron AI, Edwards JR, Patel J et al. NHSN annual update: antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006–2007. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.29, 996–1011 (2008).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among dialysis patients, United States, 2005. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.56, 197–199 (2007).
  • Sievert DM, Rudrik JT, Patel JB, McDonald LC, Wilkins MJ, Hageman JC. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002–2006. Clin. Infect. Dis.46, 668–674 (2008).
  • Finks J, Wells E, Dyke TL et al. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Michigan, USA, 2007. Emerg. Infect. Dis.15, 943–945 (2009).
  • Hadley AC, Karchmer TB, Russell GB, McBride DG, Freedman BI. The prevalence of resistant bacterial colonization in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am. J. Nephrol.27, 352–359 (2007).
  • Gorwitz RJ, Kruszon-Moran D, McAllister SK et al. Changes in the prevalence of nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2001–2004. J. Infect. Dis.197, 1226–1234 (2008).
  • Pop-Vicas A, Strom J, Stanley K, D’Agata EMC. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among patients who require chronic hemodialysis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.3, 752–758 (2008).
  • Yu VL, Goetz A, Wagener M et al.Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infections in patients on hemodialysis. N. Eng. J. Med.315, 91–96 (1986).
  • Engemann JJ, Friedman JY, Reed SD et al. Clinical outcomes and costs due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.26, 534–539 (2005).
  • Nissenson AR, Dylan ML, Griffiths RI et al. Clinical and economic outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis. Am. J. Kidney Dis.46, 301–308 (2005).
  • Kallen AJ, Wilson CT, Larson RJ. Perioperative intranasal mupirocin for the prevention of surgical-site infections: systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.26, 916–922 (2005).
  • Trautmann M, Stecher J, Hemmer W, Luz K, Pankin HT. Intranasal mupirocin prophylaxis in elective surgery. A review of published studies. Chemotherapy54, 9–16 (2008).
  • Kluytmans JA, Manders MJ, van Bommel E, Verbrugh H. Elimination of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in hemodialysis patients. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.17, 793–797 (1996).
  • Boelaert JR, DeSmedt RA, DeBaere YA et al. The influence of calcium mupirocin nasal ointment on the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infections in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.4, 278–281 (1989).
  • Boelaert JR, Van Landuyt HW, Godard CA et al. Nasal mupirocin ointment decreases the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemias in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.8, 235–239 (1993).
  • Tacconelli E, Carmeli Y, Aizer A, Ferreira G, Foreman MG, D’Agata EMC. Mupirocin prophylaxis to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection in patients undergoing dialysis: a meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis.37, 1629–1638 (2003).
  • Perl TM, Cullen JJ, Wenzel RP et al. Intranasal mupirocin to prevent postoperative Staphylococcus aureus infections. N. Eng. J. Med.346, 1871–1877 (2002).
  • Jones JC, Rogers TJ, Brookmeyer P et al. Mupirocin resistance in patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a surgical intensive care unit. Clin. Infect. Dis.45, 541–547 (2007).
  • Edmond MB, Bearman GML. Mandatory public reporting in the USA: an example to follow? J. Hosp. Infect.65, 182–188 (2007).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reduction of central line-associated bloodstream infections among patients in intensive care units, Pennsylvannia, April 2001–March 2005. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.54, 1013–1016 (2005).
  • Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N. Eng. J. Med.355, 2725–2732 (2006).
  • CDC. Transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses in outpatient settings, New York, Oklahoma, and Nebraska, 2000–2002. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.52, 901–906 (2003).

Websites

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.