Tuberculous optochiasmatic arachnoiditis: a devastating form of tuberculous meningitis

References

• Sinha MK, Garg RK, Anuradha HK, Agarwal A, Parihar A, Mandhani PA. Paradoxical vision loss associated with optochiasmatic tuberculoma in tuberculous meningitis: a report of 8 patients. J. Infect.60, 458–466 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha MK, Garg RK, Anuradha HK et al. Vision impairment in tuberculous meningitis: predictors and prognosis. J. Neurol. Sci.290, 27–32 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anupriya A, Sunithi M, Maya T et al. Tuberculous optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. Neurol. India58, 732–735 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gourie-Devi M. Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and neurotuberculosis: prognostic indicators and therapeutic strategies. Neurol. India58, 714–715 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balado M, Satanowsky P. Tratamiento quirúrgico de la atrofia de la papila. Arch. Argent. Neurol.4, 71–75 (1929).
   Google Scholar
• Yuhl ET, Rand CW. Tuberculous optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. Report of a case. J. Neurosurg.8, 441–443 (1951).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lavergne V, Pierquin, Helluy, Martin JY. Complication of meningeal tuberculosis, optochiasmatic arachnoiditis; arrest of its development by cortisone used early. Rev. Med. Nancy79, 134–140 (1954).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rougier J, Lapras C, Fischer G, Hullo A. Two new cases of optochiasmatic arachnoiditis in the infant and child. Bull. Soe. Ophtalmol. Fr.80, 179–183 (1980).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott RM, Sonntag VK, Wilcox LM, Adelman LS, Rockel TH. Visual loss from optochiasmatic arachnoiditis after tuberculous meningitis. Case report. J. Neurosurg.46, 524–526 (1977).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iba-Zizen MT, Cabanis EA, Tamraz JC, Braun M, Lopez A, Godde-Jolly D. Magnetic resonance imaging of the opto-chiasmatic region. Report on 276 cases. Acta. Radiol. Suppl.369, 318–319 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aylward EH, Karagiozis H, Pearlson G, Folstein MF. Suprasellar cistern measures as a reflection of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease but not Huntington’s disease. J. Psychiatr. Res.25, 31–47 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg RK. Tuberculous meningitis. Acta. Neurol. Scand.122, 75–90 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian PC. Bacteria and bacterial diseases. In: Walsh and Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology. Volume 3 (6th Edition). Miller NR, Fletcher W (Eds). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, USA, 2647–2774 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Teoh R, Poon W, Humphries MJ, O’Mahony G. Suprasellar tuberculoma developing during treatment of tuberculous meningitis requiring urgent surgical decompression. J. Neurol.235, 321–322 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afghani B, Lieberman JM. Paradoxical enlargement or development of intracranial tuberculomas during therapy: case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis.19, 1092–1099 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolls DJ, King M, Holland D, Bala J, del Rio C. Intracranial tuberculomas developing while on therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Lancet Infect. Dis.5, 795–801 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marais S, Scholtz P, Pepper DJ, Meintjes G, Wilkinson RJ, Candy S. Neuroradiological features of the tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.14, 188–196 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray JC, Flynn JL, Kirschner DE. Synergy between individual TNF-dependent functions determines granuloma performance for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Immunol.182, 3706–3717 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paige C, Bishai WR. Penitentiary or penthouse condo: the tuberculous granuloma from the microbe’s point of view. Cell. Microbiol.12, 301–309 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green JA, Thi Hong Chau T, Farrar JJ, Friedland JS, Thwaites GE. CNS infection, CSF matrix metalloproteinase concentrations, and clinical/laboratory features. Neurology76, 577–579 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai MH, Huang YC, Lin TY. Development of tuberculoma during therapy presenting as hemianopsia. Pediatr. Neurol.31, 360–363 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhaddar A, El Hassani MY, Chakir N, Jiddane M. Optochiasmatic tuberculoma: complication of tuberculous meningitis: report of a case and review of the literature. J. Neuroradiol.28, 137–142 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma K, Pradhan S, Varma A, Rathi B. Irreversible blindness due to multiple tuberculomas in the suprasellar cistern. J. Neuro-Ophthalmol.23, 211–212 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beneggi A, Adamoli P, Bernardini E et al. Tuberculous meningitis: a case with severe ocular complications. Pediatr. Med. Chir.17, 465–469 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dautremer J, Pacanowski J, Girard PM, Lalande V, Sivignon F, Meynard JL. A new presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome followed by a severe paradoxical reaction in an HIV-1-infected patient with tuberculous meningitis. AIDS21, 381–382 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra UK, Kalita J, Maurya PK. Stroke in tuberculous meningitis. J. Neurol. Sci.303, 22–30 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernaerts A, Vanhoenacker FM, Parizel PM et al. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system: overview of neuroradiological findings. Eur. Radiol.13, 1876–1890 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clavier E, Thiebot J, Freger P, Mihout B, Bernet J, Benozio M. Optochiasmatic tuberculoma and MRI: 2 cases. J. Radiol.69, 333–337 (1988).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aversa do Souto A, Fonseca AL, Gadelha M, Donangelo I, Chimelli L, Domingues FS. Optic pathways tuberculoma mimicking glioma: case report. Surg. Neurol.60, 349–353 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marcus AO, Demakas JJ, Ross HA, Duick DS, Crowell RM. Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis with treatment by surgical lysis of adhesions, corticosteroids, and cyclophosphamide: report of a case. Neurosurgery19, 101–103 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro IM, Peralta VH, Leon JA, Varela EA, Cabrera JM. Tuberculous optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. Neurosurgery9, 654–660 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thwaites GE, Nguyen DB, Nguyen HD et al. Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N. Engl. J. Med.351, 1741–1751 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green JA, Elkington PT, Pennington CJ et al.Mycobacterium tuberculosis upregulates microglial matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 expression and secretion via NF-κB- and activator protein-1-dependent monocyte networks. J. Immunol.184, 6492–6503 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green JA, Tran CT, Farrar JJ et al. Dexamethasone, cerebrospinal fluid matrix metalloproteinase concentrations and clinical outcomes in tuberculous meningitis. PLoS ONE4, e7277 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts MT, Mendelson M, Meyer P, Carmichael A, Lever AM. The use of thalidomide in the treatment of intracranial tuberculomas in adults: two case reports. J. Infect.47, 251–255 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeman JF, Andronikou S, Stefan DC, Freeman N, van Toorn R. Tuberculous meningitis-related optic neuritis: recovery of vision with thalidomide in 4 consecutive cases. J. Child. Neurol.25, 822–828 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buonsenso D, Serranti D, Valentini P. Management of central nervous system tuberculosis in children: light and shade. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci.14, 845–853 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeman JF, Springer P, van Rensburg AJ et al. Adjunctive thalidomide therapy for childhood tuberculous meningitis: results of a randomized study. J. Child. Neurol.19, 250–257 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gourie-Devi M, Satish Chandra P. Hyaluronidase as an adjuvant in the treatment of cranial arachnoiditis (Hydrocephalus and optochiasmatic arachnoiditis) complicating tuberculous meningitis. Acta. Neurol. Scand.62, 368–381 (1980).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hejazi N, Hassler W. Multiple intracranial tuberculomas with atypical response to tuberculostatic chemotherapy: literature review and a case report. Infection25, 233–239 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalkan A, Serhatlioglu S, Ozden M et al. Paradoxically developed optochiasmatic tuberculoma and tuberculous lymphadenitis: a case report with 18-month follow-up by MRI. South Med. J.99, 388–392 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon WS, Ahuja A, Li AK. Optochiasmatic tuberculoma causing progressive visual failure: when has medical treatment failed? Postgrad. Med. J.69, 147–149 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackmore TK, Manning L, Taylor WJ, Wallis RS. Therapeutic use of infliximab in tuberculosis to control severe paradoxical reaction of the brain and lymph nodes. Clin. Infect. Dis.47, e83–e85 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefan DC, Andronikou S, Freeman N, Schoeman J. Recovery of vision after adjuvant thalidomide in a child with tuberculous meningitis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J. Child. Neurol.24, 166–169 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh S, Cunningham MA, Patronas N, Foroozan R. Optic neuropathy and perichiasmal tuberculomas associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis in pregnancy. Can. J. Ophthalmol.44, 713–715 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sunbul M, Leblebicioglu H, Turan D et al. Permanent visual loss despite appropriate therapy in tuberculous meningitis. South Med. J.100, 228–229 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer S, Struffert T, Gottschling S. Tuberculous meningitis. Lancet367, 1682 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sodhi PK, Grover SB, D Singh, Gulati P. Diagnosis of optochiasmatic tuberculosis revealed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Ann. Ophthalmol.33, 252–256 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Silverman IE, Liu GT, Bilaniuk LT, Volpe NJ, Galetta SL. Tuberculous meningitis with blindness and perichiasmal involvement on MRI. Pediatr. Neurol.12, 65–67 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingsley DP, Hendrickse WA, Kendall BE, Swash M, Singh V. Tuberculous meningitis: role of CT in management and prognosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry50, 30–36 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh AK, Agrawal A, Singhal S. Tubercular optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. Iranian J. Radiol.6, 101–102 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeman JF, Fieggen G, Seller N, Mendelson M, Hartzenberg B. Intractable intracranial tuberculous infection responsive to thalidomide: report of four cases. J. Child. Neurol.21, 301–308 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliyu SH, Ganesan D, Enoch DA, Watts C, Lever AML. Tuberculous meningitis and hydrocephalus treated successfully with a combination of immunomodulation and cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Infect. Dis. J. Pak.16, 22–24 (2007).
   Google Scholar