Development of chip-compatible sample preparation for diagnosis of infectious diseases

References

• Ieven M. Currently used nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of viruses and atypicals in acute respiratory infections. J. Clin. Virol.40, 259–276 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ecker DJ, Sampath R, Li H et al. New technology for rapid molecular diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.10(4), 399–415 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit. Care Med.36(1), 296–327 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenollar F, Raoult D. Molecular diagnosis of bloodstream infections caused by non-cultivable bacteria. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents30(Suppl. 1), S7–S15 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Scola B. Intact cell MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based approaches for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.11(3), 287–298 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo SM, Lee SY. DNA microarray for the identification of pathogens causing bloodstream infections. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.10(3), 263–268 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer-Budge F, Mirer P, Chatterjee A, Klapperich CM, Chargin D, Sharon A. Low cost and manufacturable complete microTAS for detecting bacteria. Lab Chip9, 2803–2810 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichmuth DS, Wang SK, Barrett LM, Throckmorton DJ, Einfeld W, Singh AK. Rapid microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays for the detection of swine influenza virus. Lab Chip8, 1319–1324 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritzi-Lehnert M. Entering a new era of diagnosis. Presented at: 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels. Montreal, Canada, 1–4 August 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Lee-Lewandrowski E, Lewandrowski K. Perspectives on cost and outcomes for point-of-care testing. Clin. Lab. Med.29, 479–489 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huckle D. Point-of-care diagnostics: will the hurdles be overcome this time? Expert Rev. Med. Dev.3(4), 421–426 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WG, Kim YG, Chung BG, Demirci U, Khademhosseini A. Nano/microfluidics for diagnosis of infectious diseases in developing countries. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev.62, 449–457 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart RW, Mauk MG, Liu C et al. Point-of-care oral-based diagnostics. Oral. Dis.17(8), 745–752 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mairhofer J, Roppert K, Ertl P. Microfluidic systems for pathogen sensing: a review. Sensors9, 4804–4823 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global in vitro diagnostics market to grow to nearly $56B by 2012. Health Imaging News6(108) (June 2008).
   Google Scholar
• Mariella R. Sample preparation: the weak link in microfluidics-based biodetection. Biomed. Microdevices10, 777–784 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivet C, Lee H, Hirsch A, Hamilton S, Lu H. Microfluidics for medical diagnostics and biosensors. Chem. Eng. Sci.66(7), 1490–1507 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritzi-Lehnert M, Himmelreich R, Attig H et al. On-chip analysis of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal samples. Biomed. Microdevices13, 819–8274 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blow N. Microfluidics: in search of a killer application. Nat. Methods4(8), 665–668 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Chen L, Manz A, Day PJR. Total nucleic acid analysis integrated on microfluidic devices. Lab Chip7, 1413–1423 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson MG, Galvin P, Barton DE. Emerging technologies for point-of-care genetic testing. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.7(4), 359–370 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Xing D. Miniaturized PCR chips for nucleic acid amplification and analysis: latest advances and future trends. Nucleic Acids Res.35(13), 4223–4237 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigl B, Domingo G, LaBarre P, Gerlach J. Towards non-and minimally instrumented, microfluidics-based diagnostic devices. Lab Chip8, 1999 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker H. Hype, hope and hubris: the quest for the killer application in microfluidics. Lab Chip9, 2119–2122 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaigala GV, Behnam M, Bidulock ACE et al. A scalable and modular lab-on-a-chip genetic analysis instrument. Analyst135, 1606–1617 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lounsbury JA, Coult N, Kinnon P, Saul D, Landers JP. Towards an integrated microdevice for liquid DNA extraction and amplification applicable to forensic DNA analysis. Presented at: 14th µTAS Conference 2010. Groningen, The Netherlands, 3–7 October 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Fujimoto T, Konagaya M, Enomoto M et al. Novel high-speed real-time PCR method (Hyper-PCR): results from its application to adenovirus diagnosis. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.63(1), 31–35 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jokerst JV, Jacobson JW, Bhagwandin BD, Floriano PN, Christodoulides N, McDevitt JT. Programmable nano-bio-chip sensors: analytical meets clinical. Anal. Chem.82, 1571–1579 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Easley CJ, Karlinsey JM, Bienvenue JM et al. A fully integrated microfluidic genetic analysis system with sample-in–answer-out capability. PNAS103(51), 19272–19277 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haeberle S, Zengerle R. Microfluidic platforms for lab-on-a-chip applications. Lab Chip7, 1094–1110 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitesides G. Solving problems. Lab Chip10, 2317–2318 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahalanabis M, Al-Muayad H, Kulinski D, Altman D, Klapperich CM. Cell lysis and DNA extraction of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from whole blood in a disposable microfluidic chip. Lab Chip9, 2811–2817 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Johnson M, Hill P, Gale BK. Microfluidic sample preparation: cell lysis and nucleic acid purification. Integr. Biol.1, 574–586 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Sin MLY, Gao J, Liao JC, Wong PK. System integration – a major step toward lab on a chip. J. Biol. Engin.5, 6 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Cui DF. Microfluidic devices for sample pretreatment and applications. Microsyst. Technol.15, 667–676 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Beyor N, Seo TS, Liu P, Mathies RA. Immunomagnetic bead-based cell concentration microdevice for dilute pathogen detection. Biomed. Microdevices10(6), 909–917 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu Z, Willing B, Bjerketorp J, Jansson JK, Hjort K. Soft inertial microfluidics for high throughput separation of bacteria from human blood cells. Lab Chip9, 1193–1199 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark D, Haeberle S, Roth G, von Stetten F, Zengerle R. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms: requirements, characteristics and applications. Chem. Soc. Rev.39, 1153–1182 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittrich PS, Tachikawa K, Manz A. Micro total analysis systems. Latest advancements and trends. Anal. Chem.78, 3887–3908 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Manz A, Day PJR. Total nucleic acid analysis integrated on microfluidic devices. Lab Chip7, 1413–1423 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman GT, Kennedy RT. Fully integrated microfluidic separations systems for biochemical analysis. J. Chromat. A.1168(1–2), 170–188 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Mathies RA. Integrated microfluidic systems for high-performance genetic analysis. Trends Biotechnol.27, 572–581 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lui C, Cady NC, Batt CA. Nucleic acid-based detection of bacterial pathogens using integrated microfluidic platform systems. Sensors9, 3713–3744 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Didar TF, Tabrizian M. Adhesion based detection, sorting and enrichment of cells in microfluidic lab-on-chip devices. Lab Chip10, 3043–3053 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gossett DR, Weaver WM, Mach AJ et al. Label-free cell separation and sorting in microfluidic systems. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.397, 3249–3267 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenshof A, Laurell T. Continuous separation of cells and particles in microfluidic systems. Chem. Soc. Rev.39, 1203–1217 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Manz A, Day PJR. Total nucleic acid analysis integrated on microfluidic devices. Lab Chip7, 1413–1423 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JG, Cheong KH, Huh N, Kim S, Choib JW, Koa C. Microchip-based one step DNA extraction and real-time PCR in one chamber for rapid pathogen identification. Lab Chip6, 886–895 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legendre LA, Bienvenue JM, Roper MG, Ferrance JP, Landers JP. A simple, valveless microfluidic sample preparation device for extraction and amplification of DNA from nanoliter-volume samples. Anal. Chem.78, 1444–1451 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao L, Lin CY, Yu YY, Wang BT. Microchip, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and culture methods to detect enterovirus infection in pediatric patients. Pediatr. Intern.48(1), 5–10 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Seo TS, Beyor N, Shin KJ, Scherer JR, Mathies RA. Integrated portable polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis microsystem for rapid forensic short tandem repeat typing. Anal. Chem.79, 1881–1889 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebert S, Siegel D, Wellinghausen N. Rapid detection of pathogens in blood culture bottles by real-time PCR in conjunction with the pre-analytic tool MolYsis. J. Infect.57(4), 307–316 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldmeyer J, Li H, McCormac M et al. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and determination of methicillin resistance directly from positive blood cultures by isothermal amplification and a disposable detection device. J. Clin. Microbiol.46(4), 1534–1536 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaigala GV, Hoang VN, Stickel A et al. An inexpensive and portable microchip-based platform for integrated RT–PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Analyst133, 331–338 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodakov DA, Zakharova NV, Gryadunov DA, Filatov FP, Zasedatelev AS, Mikhailovich VM. An oligonucleotide microarray for multiplex real-time PCR identification of HIV-1, HBV, and HCV. Bio. Tech.44, 241–248 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Beyor N, Yi L, Seo TS, Mathies RA. Integrated capture, concentration, polymerase chain reaction, and capillary electrophoretic analysis of pathogens on a chip. Anal. Chem.81, 3523–3528 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du W, Li L, Nichols KP, Ismagilov RF. SlipChip. Lab Chip9, 2286–2292 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YH, Ozdemir P. Microfluidic DNA amplification – a review. Anal. Chim. Acta638(2), 115–125 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• House DL, Chon CH, Creech CB, Skaard EP, Li D. Miniature on-chip detection of unpurified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) DNA using real-time PCR. J. Biotechn.146(3), 93–99 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hua Z, Rouse JL, Eckhardt AE et al. Multiplexed real-time polymerase chain reaction on a digital microfluidic platform. Anal. Chem.82, 2310–2316 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz S, Weber P, Focke M et al. Microfluidic lab-on-a-foil for nucleic acid analysis based on isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Lab Chip10, 887–893 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramalingam N, Rui Z, Liu HB et al. Real-time PCR-based microfluidic array chip for simultaneous detection of multiple waterborne pathogens. Sens. Actuators B Chem.145, 543–552 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Shen F, Du W, Kreutz JE, Fok A, Ismagilov RF. Digital PCR on a SlipChip. Lab Chip10, 2666–2672 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan KA, Reedy CR, Uchimoto ML, Basu D, Engel DA, Landers JP. An integrated, valveless system for microfluidic purification and reverse transcription-PCR amplification of RNA for detection of infectious agents. Lab Chip11, 957–961 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asiello PJ, Baeumner AJ. Miniaturized isothermal nucleic acid amplification, a review. Lab Chip11, 1420–1430 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Dhumpa R, Bang DD, Høgberg J, Handberg K, Wolff A. A lab-on-a-chip device for rapid identification of avian influenza viral RNA by solid-phase PCR. Lab Chip11, 1457 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe T, Segawa Y, Watanabe H et al. Point-of-care testing system enabling 30 min detection of influenza genes. Lab Chip11, 1166–1167 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shen F, Davydova EK, Du W, Kreutz JE, Piepenburg O, Ismagilov RF. Digital isothermal quantification of nucleic acids via simultaneous chemical initiation of recombinase polymerase amplification reactions on slipchip. Anal. Chem.83, 3533–3540 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu D, Qin J, Lin B. Electrophoretic separations on microfluidic chips. J. Chromatogr. A.1184(1–2), 542–559 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinville R, Soper SA. High resolution DNA separations using microchip electrophoresis. J. Sep. Sci.30(11), 1714–1728 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kocsis B, Kilár A, Makszin L, Kovács K, Kilár F. Capillary electrophoresis chips for fingerprinting endotoxin chemotypes from whole-cell lysates. In: Microbial Toxins: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology (Volume 739). Otto Holst (Ed.). Springer Science+Business Media LLC, Berlin, Germany (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Kailasa SK, Kang SH. Microchip-based capillary electrophoresis for DNA analysis in modern biotechnology: a review. Separation Purification Rev.38(3), 242–288 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr AE, Hatch AV, Throckmorton DJ et al. Microfluidic immunoassays as rapid saliva-based clinical diagnostics. PNAS104, 5268–5273 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Situma C, Hashimoto M, Soper SA. Merging microfluidics with microarray-based bioassays. Biomol. Eng.23(5), 213–231 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marasso SL, Giuri E, Canavese G et al. A multilevel lab on chip platform for DNA analysis. Biomed. Microdevices13, 19–27 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lodes MJ, Suciu D, Wilmoth JL. Identification of upper respiratory tract pathogens using electrochemical detection on an oligonucleotide microarray. PLoS One9, e924 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Fesenko EE, Kireyev DE, Gryadunov DA et al. Oligonucleotide microchip for subtyping of influenza A virus. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses1(3), 121–129 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mikhailovich V, Gryadunov D, Kolchinsky A, Makarov AA, Zasedatelev A. DNA microarrays in the clinic: infectious diseases. Bio. Essays30, 673–682 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You Y, Fu C, Zeng X et al. A novel DNA microarray for rapid diagnosis of enteropathogenic bacteria in stool specimens of patients with diarrhea. J. Microbiol. Methods75(3), 566–571 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Do J, Ahn CH. A polymer lab-on-a-chip for magnetic immunoassay with on-chip sampling and detection capabilities. Lab Chip8, 542–549 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang M, Sun S, Kostov Y, Rasooly A. A simple 96 well microfluidic chip combined with visual and densitometry detection for resource-poor point of care testing. Sens. Actuators B Chem.153(1), 176–181 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang M, Sun S, Kostov Y, Rasooly A. An automated point-of-care system for immunodetection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Anal. Biochem.416(1), 74–81 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JY, Do J, Premasiri WR, Ziegler LD, Klapperich CM. Rapid point-of-care concentration of bacteria in a disposable microfluidic device using meniscus dragging effect. Lab Chip10, 3265–3270 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furutani S, Nagai H, Takamura Y, Kubo I. Compact disk (CD)-shaped device for single cell isolation and PCR of a specific gene in the isolated cell. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.398, 2997–3004 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welte G, Lutz S, Cleven B et al. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip system with integrated sample preparation for processing immunoassays. Presented at: 14th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. Groningen, The Netherlands, 3–7 October 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Gorkin R, Park J, Siegrist J et al. Centrifugal microfluidics for biomedical applications. Lab Chip10, 1758–1773 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han X, Lin X, Liu B et al. Simultaneously subtyping of all influenza A viruses using DNA microarrays. J. Virol. Methods152(1–2), 117–121 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaoa LTH, Shankara L, Kanga TG et al. Multiplexed detection and differentiation of the DNA strains for influenza A (H1N1 2009) using a silicon-based microfluidic system. Biosensors Bioelectronics26, 2006–2011 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheng X, Chen G, Rodriguez WR. Micro- and nanotechnology for viral detection. Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem.393(2), 487–501 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee YF, Lien KY, Lei HY, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic system for rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Biosensors Bioelectronics25(4), 745–752 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersaudy-Kerhoas M, Kavanagh DM, Dhariwal RS, Campbell CJ, Desmulliez MPY. Validation of a blood plasma separation system by biomarker detection. Lab Chip10, 1587–1595 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baier T, Hansen-Hagge TE, Gransee R et al. Hands-free sample preparation platform for nucleic acid analysis. Lab Chip9, 3399–3405 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen Z, Mauk MG, Wang J et al. A microfluidic system for saliva-based detection of infectious diseases. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.1098, 429 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu G, Hsieh TM, Lee DYS et al. A self-contained all-in-one cartridge for sample preparation and real-time PCR in rapid influenza diagnosis. Lab Chip10, 3103–3111 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw KJ, Joyce DA, Docker PT et al. Development of a real-world direct interface for integrated DNA extraction and amplification in a microfluidic device. Lab Chip11, 443–448 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jung M, Höth J, Erwes J et al. From sample-to-answer: integrated genotyping and immunological analysis microfluidic platforms for the diagnostic and treatment of coeliac disease. Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems IX. Becker H, Gray BL, Bellingham WA (Eds). SPIE, 2011, 79290E-1. Presented at: SPIE. San Francisco, CA, USA, 23 January 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Tachi T, Kaji N, Tokeshi M, Baba Y. Simultaneous separation, metering, and dilution of plasma from human whole blood in a microfluidic system. Anal. Chem.81, 3194–3198 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong AP, Gupta M, Shevkoplyas SS, Whitesides GM. Egg beater as centrifuge: isolating human blood plasma from whole blood in resource-poor settings. Lab Chip8, 2032–2037 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang H, Weng X, Chon CH, Wu X, Li D. A microfluidic chip for blood plasma separation using electro-osmotic flow control. J. Micromech. Microeng. doi:10.1088/0960-1317/21/8/085019 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Sollier E, Rostaing H, Pouteaua P, Fouilleta Y, Achard JL. Passive microfluidic devices for plasma extraction from whole human blood. Sensors Actuators B Chem.141(2), 617–624 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne AW, Ramasamy L, Cripe TP, Ahn CH. A lab-on-a-chip for rapid blood separation and quantification of hematocrit and serum analytes. Lab Chip11, 2440–2446 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stakenborg T, Liu C, Henry O et al. Automated genotyping of circulating tumor cells. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.10(6), 723–729 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern E, Vacic A, Rajan NK et al. Label-free biomarker detection from whole blood. Nat. Nanotechnol.5, 138–142 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung CW, Fiering J, Mueller AJ, Ingber DE. Micromagnetic–microfluidic blood cleansing device. Lab Chip9, 1171–1177 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Carlo D. Inertial microfluidics. Lab Chip9, 3038–3046 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mach AJ, Di Carlo D. Continuous scalable blood filtration device using inertial microfluidics. Biotechn. Bioeng.107(2), 302–311 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang KY, Kim JH, Suh KY, Ko JS, Huh N. Low-cost polymer microfluidic device for on-chip extraction of bacterial DNA. Sensors Actuators B Chem.155(1), 422–429 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya A, Klapperich CM. Microfluidics-based extraction of viral RNA from infected mammalian cells for disposable molecular diagnostics. Sens. Actuators B Chem.129, 693–698 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho YK, Lee JG, Park JM, Lee BS, Lee Y, Ko C. One-step pathogen specific DNA extraction from whole blood on a centrifugal microfluidic device. Lab Chip7, 565–573 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulinski MD, Mahalanabis M, Gillers S, Zhang JY, Singh S, Klapperich CM. Sample preparation module for bacterial lysis and isolation of DNA from human urine. Biomed. Microdevices11(3), 671–678 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillers S, Atkinson CD, Klapperich C, Singh SK. Clostridium difficile detection in stool with a nanoscale microfluidic device. Gastroenterology134, A-578 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Price CW, Lesliea DC, Landers JP. Nucleic acid extraction techniques and application to the microchip. Lab Chip9, 2484–2494 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen J, Legendre LA, Bienvenue JM, Landers JP. Purification of nucleic acids in microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem.80, 6472–6479 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Azimi SM, Nixon G, Ahern J, Balachandran W. A magnetic bead-based DNA extraction and purification microfluidic device. Microfluid Nanofluid11(2), 157–165 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Wen J, Guillo C, Ferrance JP, Landers JP. Microfluidic-based DNA purification in a two-stage, dual-phase microchip containing a reversed-phase and a photopolymerized monolith. Anal. Chem.79, 6135–6142 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reedy CR, Hagan KA, Strachan BC et al. Dual-domain microchip-based process for volume reduction solid phase extraction of nucleic acids from dilute, large volume biological samples. Anal. Chem.82, 5669–5678 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bercovici M, Kaigala GV, Mach KE, Han CM, Liao JC, Santiago JG. Rapid detection of urinary tract infections using isotachophoresis and molecular beacons. Anal. Chem.83, 4110–4117 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pamme N. Continuous flow separations in microfluidic devices. Lab Chip7, 1644–1659 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karle M, Miwa J, Czilwik G et al. Continuous microfluidic DNA extraction using phase-transfer magnetophoresis. Lab Chip10, 3284–3290 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu C, Qiu X, Ongagna S et al. A timer-actuated immunoassay cassette for detecting molecular markers in oral fluids. Lab Chip9, 768–776 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen D, Mauk M, Qiu X et al. An integrated, self-contained microfluidic cassette for isolation, amplification, and detection of nucleic acids. Biomed. Microdevices12, 705–719 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu X, Chen D, Liu C et al. A portable, integrated analyzer for microfluidic – based molecular analysis. Biomed. Microdevices13(5), 809–817 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dobson MG, Galvin P, Barton DE. Emerging technologies for POC testing. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.7(4), 359–370 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross S. Point-of-care-testing. IVD Technology16(5), 32–35 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Herr AE, Hatch AV, Giannobile WV et al. Integrated microfluidic platform for oral diagnostics. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.1098, 362–374 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Li X, Greenspoon SA, Scherer JR, Mathies RA. Integrated DNA purification, PCR, sample cleanup, and capillary electrophoresis microchip for forensic human identification. Lab Chip11(6), 1041–1048 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar