211
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Theme: ADHD - Review

Prevention of serious conduct problems in youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

, &
Pages 1253-1263 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition). American Psychiatric Press Inc., DC, USA (2000).
  • Dupaul GJ, Stoner G. ADHD in the Schools: Assessment and Intervention Strategies (2nd Edition). Guilford Press, NY, USA (2003).
  • Johnston C, Jassy JS. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional/conduct problems: links to parent–child interactions. J. Can. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 16(2), 74–79 (2007).
  • Langberg JM, Epstein JN, Girio-Herrera E, Becker SP, Vaughn AJ, Altaye M. Materials organization, planning, and homework completion in middle-school students with ADHD: impact on academic performance. School Mental Health 3(2), 93–101 (2011).
  • McQuade JD, Hoza B. Peer problems in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: current status and future directions. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 14(4), 320–324 (2008).
  • Nijmeijer JS, Minderaa RB, Buitelaar JK, Mulligan A, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social dysfunctioning. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 28(4), 692–708 (2008).
  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In:A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment (3rd Edition) Barkley RA (Ed.). Guilford Press, NY, USA (2006).
  • Thapar A, Holmes J, Poulton K, Harrington R. Genetic basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity. Br. J. Psychiatry 174, 105–111 (1999).
  • Nigg JT, Hinshaw SP, Huang-Pollock C. Disorders of attention and impulse regulation. In: Developmental Psychopathology (Volume 3): Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation. Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ (Eds). John Wiley & Sons Inc., NJ, USA, 358–403 (2006).
  • Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF. Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biol. Psychiatry 57(11), 1336–1346 (2005).
  • Maughan B, Rowe R, Messer J, Goodman R, Meltzer H. Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 45(3), 609–621 (2004).
  • Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV et al. Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic. Am. J. Psychiatry 159(1), 36–42 (2002).
  • Wakschlag LS, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Carter AS et al. A developmental framework for distinguishing disruptive behavior from normative misbehavior in preschool children. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 48(10), 976–987 (2007).
  • Baillargeon RH, Sward GD, Keenan K, Cao G. Opposition-defiance in the second year of life: a population-based cohort study. Infancy 16(4), 418–434 (2011).
  • Beauchaine TP, Hinshaw SP, Pang KL. Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and early-onset conduct disorder: biological, environmental, and developmental mechanisms. Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract. 17(4), 327–336 (2010).
  • Biederman J, Petty CR, Dolan C et al. The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study. Psychol. Med. 38(7), 1027–1036 (2008).
  • Young SE, Friedman NP, Miyake A et al. Behavioral disinhibition: liability for externalizing spectrum disorders and its genetic and environmental relation to response inhibition across adolescence. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 118(1), 117–130 (2009).
  • Young SE, Stallings MC, Corley RP, Krauter KS, Hewitt JK. Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition. Am. J. Med. Genet. 96(5), 684–695 (2000).
  • Tuvblad C, Zheng M, Raine A, Baker LA. A common genetic factor explains the covariation among ADHD ODD and CD symptoms in 9–10 year old boys and girls. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 37(2), 153–167 (2009).
  • Counts CA, Nigg JT, Stawicki JA, Rappley MD, von Eye A. Family adversity in DSM-IV ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes and associated disruptive behavior problems. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 44(7), 690–698 (2005).
  • Nigg J, Nikolas M, Friderici K, Park L, Zucker RA. Genotype and neuropsychological response inhibition as resilience promoters for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder under conditions of psychosocial adversity. Dev. Psychopathol. 19(3), 767–786 (2007).
  • Meier MH, Slutske WS, Arndt S, Cadoret RJ. Impulsive and callous traits are more strongly associated with delinquent behavior in higher risk neighborhoods among boys and girls. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 117(2), 377–385 (2008).
  • Burt SA, Krueger RF, McGue M, Iacono WG. Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: the importance of shared environment. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 110(4), 516–525 (2001).
  • Nadder TS, Rutter M, Silberg JL, Maes HH, Eaves LJ. Genetic effects on the variation and covariation of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional-defiant disorder/conduct disorder (Odd/CD) symptomatologies across informant and occasion of measurement. Psychol. Med. 32(1), 39–53 (2002).
  • Eaves L, Rutter M, Silberg JL, Shillady L, Maes H, Pickles A. Genetic and environmental causes of covariation in interview assessments of disruptive behavior in child and adolescent twins. Behav. Genet. 30(4), 321–334 (2000).
  • Pardini DA, Fite PJ. Symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and callous-unemotional traits as unique predictors of psychosocial maladjustment in boys: advancing an evidence base for DSM-V. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 49(11), 1134–1144 (2010).
  • Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ. Classification of behavior disorders in adolescence: scaling methods, predictive validity, and gender differences. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 119(4), 699–712 (2010).
  • Biederman J, Petty CR, Clarke A, Lomedico A, Faraone SV. Predictors of persistent ADHD: an 11-year follow-up study. J. Psychiatr. Res. 45(2), 150–155 (2011).
  • Barker ED, Oliver BR, Maughan B. Co-occurring problems of early onset persistent, childhood limited, and adolescent onset conduct problem youth. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 51(11), 1217–1226 (2010).
  • Lee SS. Deviant peer affiliation and antisocial behavior: interaction with monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 39(3), 321–332 (2011).
  • Moffitt TE. Life-course-persistent versus adolescence-limited antisocial behavior. In: Developmental Psychopathology (Volume 3): Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation. Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ (Eds). Wiley & Sons, Inc., NJ, USA, 570–598 (2006).
  • Murray-Close D, Hoza B, Hinshaw SP et al. Developmental processes in peer problems of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD: developmental cascades and vicious cycles. Dev. Psychopathol. 22(4), 785–802 (2010).
  • Burke JD, Loeber R, Birmaher B. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, Part II. FOCUS: J. Lifelong Learning Psychiatry 2(4), 558–576 (2004).
  • Cicchetti D, Valentino K. An ecological–transactional perspective on child maltreatment: failure of the average expectable environment and its influence on child development. In: Developmental Psychopathology (Volume 3): Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation. Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ (Eds). Wiley & Sons, Inc., NJ, USA, 129–201 (2006).
  • Keijsers L, Loeber R, Branje S, Meeus W. Bidirectional links and concurrent development of parent–child relationships and boys’ offending behavior. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 120(4), 878–889 (2011).
  • Dodge KA, Greenberg MT, Malone PS; Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. Testing an idealized dynamic cascade model of the development of serious violence in adolescence. Child Dev. 79(6), 1907–1927 (2008).
  • Dishion TJ, Patterson GR. The development and ecology of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. In: Developmental Psychopathology (Volume 3): Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation. Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ (Eds). Wiley & Sons, Inc., NJ, USA, 503–541 (2006).
  • American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. 46(7), 894–921 (2007).
  • Evans SW, Pelham WE, Smith BH et al. Dose–response effects of methylphenidate on ecologically valid measures of academic performance and classroom behavior in adolescents with ADHD. Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 9(2), 163–175 (2001).
  • Gorman EB, Klorman R, Thatcher JE, Borgstedt AD. Effects of methylphenidate on subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 45(7), 808–816 (2006).
  • Newcorn JH, Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Milton DR, Michelson D. Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 44(3), 240–248 (2005).
  • Gadow KD, Nolan EE, Sverd J, Sprafkin J, Schneider J. Methylphenidate in children with oppositional defiant disorder and both comorbid chronic multiple tic disorder and ADHD. J. Child Neurol. 23(9), 981–990 (2008).
  • Chacko A, Pelham WE, Gnagy EM et al. Stimulant medication effects in a summer treatment program among young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 44(3), 249–257 (2005).
  • Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Newcorn JH et al. Effect of comorbid symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder on responses to atomoxetine in children with ADHD: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial data. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 190(1), 31–41 (2007).
  • Connor DF, Glatt SJ, Lopez ID, Jackson D, Melloni RH Jr. Psychopharmacology and aggression. I: a meta-analysis of stimulant effects on overt/covert aggression-related behaviors in ADHD. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 41(3), 253–261 (2002).
  • Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Moulton JL 3rd. Does stimulant treatment place children at risk for adult substance abuse? A controlled, prospective follow-up study. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 13(3), 273–282 (2003).
  • Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Colligan RC, Weaver AL, Leibson CL, Jacobsen SJ. Psychostimulant treatment and risk for substance abuse among young adults with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based, birth cohort study. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 15(5), 764–776 (2005).
  • Arnsten AF, Scahill L, Findling RL. α2-adrenergic receptor agonists for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: emerging concepts from new data. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 17(4), 393–406 (2007).
  • Biederman J, Melmed RD, Patel A, McBurnett K, Donahue J, Lyne A. Long-term, open-label extension study of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD. CNS Spectr. 13(12), 1047–1055 (2008).
  • Biederman J, Melmed RD, Patel A et al. ; SPD503 Study Group. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 121(1), e73–e84 (2008).
  • Sallee FR, Lyne A, Wigal T, McGough JJ. Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 19(3), 215–226 (2009).
  • Sallee FR, McGough J, Wigal T, Donahue J, Lyne A, Biederman J; SPD503 study group. Guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 48(2), 155–165 (2009).
  • Armenteros JL, Lewis JE, Davalos M. Risperidone augmentation for treatment-resistant aggression in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled pilot study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 46(5), 558–565 (2007).
  • Snyder R, Turgay A, Aman M, Binder C, Fisman S, Carroll A; Risperidone Conduct Study Group. Effects of risperidone on conduct and disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 41(9), 1026–1036 (2002).
  • Turgay A, Binder C, Snyder R, Fisman S. Long-term safety and efficacy of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs. Pediatrics 110(3), e34 (2002).
  • Patterson GR. Coercive Family Process. Castalia, OR, USA (1982).
  • Pfiffner LJ, Kaiser NM. Behavioral parent training. In: Dulcan’s Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Dulcan MK (Ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing, VA, USA 845–868 (2010).
  • Wells KC, Pelham WE, Kotkin RA et al. Psychosocial treatment strategies in the MTA study: rationale, methods, and critical issues in design and implementation. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 28(6), 483–505 (2000).
  • Pelham WE Jr, Fabiano GA. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 37(1), 184–214 (2008).
  • Fabiano GA, Pelham WE Jr, Coles EK, Gnagy EM, Chronis-Tuscano A, O’Connor BC. A meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 29(2), 129–140 (2009).
  • Parry PA, Douglas VI. Effects of reinforcement on concept identification in hyperactive children. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 11(2), 327–340 (1983).
  • Sonuga-Barke EJ. Causal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: from common simple deficits to multiple developmental pathways. Biol. Psychiatry 57(11), 1231–1238 (2005).
  • Quay HC. Inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 25(1), 7–13 (1997).
  • Haenlein M, Caul WF. Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a specific hypothesis of reward dysfunction. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 26(3), 356–362 (1987).
  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Kollins SH et al. Evaluating dopamine reward pathway in ADHD: clinical implications. JAMA 302(10), 1084–1091 (2009).
  • Pfiffner LJ, Barkley RA, Dupaul GJ. Treatment of ADHD in school settings. In: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (3rd Edition): a Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. Barkley RA (Ed.). The Guilford Press, NY, USA, 547–589 (2006).
  • DuPaul GJ, Jitendra AK, Volpe RJ et al. Consultation-based academic interventions for children with ADHD: effects on reading and mathematics achievement. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 34(5), 635–648 (2006).
  • Fabiano GA, Vujnovic RK, Pelham WE et al. Enhancing the effectiveness of special education programming for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using a daily report card. School Psychol. Rev. 39(2), 219–239 (2010).
  • Normand S, Schneider BH, Lee MD, Maisonneuve MF, Kuehn SM, Robaey P. How do children with ADHD (mis)manage their real-life dyadic friendships? A multi-method investigation. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 39(2), 293–305 (2011).
  • Mikami AY. The importance of friendship for youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. 13(2), 181–198 (2010).
  • Pfiffner LJ, McBurnett K. Social skills training with parent generalization: treatment effects for children with attention deficit disorder. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 65(5), 749–757 (1997).
  • Pfiffner LJ, Calzada E, McBurnett K. Interventions to enhance social competence. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 9(3), 689–709, x (2000).
  • Frankel F, Myatt R, Cantwell DP, Feinberg DT. Parent-assisted transfer of children’s social skills training: effects on children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 36(8), 1056–1064 (1997).
  • Pfiffner LJ, Yee Mikami A, Huang-Pollock C, Easterlin B, Zalecki C, McBurnett K. A randomized, controlled trial of integrated home-school behavioral treatment for ADHD, predominantly inattentive type. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 46(8), 1041–1050 (2007).
  • Dishion TJ, Dodge KA. Deviant peer contagion in interventions and programs: an ecological framework for understanding influence mechanisms. In: Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions. Dodge KA, Dishion TJ, Lansford JE (Eds). Guilford Press, NY, USA, 14–43 (2006).
  • Mikami AY, Lerner MD, Griggs MS, McGrath A, Calhoun CD. Parental influence on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. Results of a pilot intervention training parents as friendship coaches for children. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 38(6), 737–749 (2010).
  • Langberg JM, Epstein JN, Urbanowicz CM, Simon JO, Graham AJ. Efficacy of an organization skills intervention to improve the academic functioning of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. School Psychol. Q. 23(3), 407–417 (2008).
  • Schultz BK, Evans SW, Serpell ZN. Preventing failure among middle school students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a survival analysis. School Psychol. Rev. 38(1), 14–27 (2009).
  • Power TJ, Werba BE, Watkins MW, Angelucci JG, Eiraldi RB. Patterns of parent-reported homework problems among ADHD-referred and non-referred children. School Psychol. Q. 21(1), 13–33 (2006).
  • Evans SW, Langberg J, Raggi V, Allen J, Buvinger EC. Development of a school-based treatment program for middle school youth with ADHD. J. Atten. Disord. 9(1), 343–353 (2005).
  • Gureasko-Moore S, Dupaul GJ, White GP. Self-management of classroom preparedness and homework: effects on school functioning of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. School Psychol. Rev. 36(4), 647–664 (2007).
  • Gureasko-Moore S, Dupaul GJ, White GP. The effects of self-management in general education classrooms on the organizational skills of adolescents with ADHD. Behav. Modif. 30(2), 159–183 (2006).
  • Evans SW, Pelham W, Grudberg MV. The efficacy of notetaking to improve behavior an comprehension of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Exceptionality 5(1), 1–17 (1995).
  • Raggi VL, Chronis-Tuscano A, Fishbein H, Groomes A. Development of a brief, behavioral homework intervention for middle school students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. School Mental Health 1(2), 61–77 (2009).
  • Evans SW, Schultz BK, Demars CE, Davis H. Effectiveness of the Challenging Horizons After-School Program for young adolescents with ADHD. Behav. Ther. 42(3), 462–474 (2011).
  • Webster-Stratton CH, Reid MJ. The incredible years parents, teachers, and children training series: a multifaceted treatment approach for young children with conduct disorders. In: Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents (2nd Edition). Weisz JR, Kazdin AE (Eds). Guilford Press, NY, USA, 194–210 (2010).
  • Webster-Stratton CH, Reid MJ, Beauchaine T. Combining parent and child training for young children with ADHD. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 40(2), 191–203 (2011).
  • Walker HM, Seeley JR, Small J et al. A randomized controlled trial of the first step to success early intervention: demonstration of program efficacy outcomes in a diverse, urban school district. J. Emot. Behav. Disord. 17(4), 197–212 (2009).
  • Seeley JR, Small JW, Walker HM et al. Efficacy of the ‘First Step to Success’ intervention for students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. School Mental Health 1(1), 37–48 (2009).
  • Pfiffner LJ, Kaiser NM, Burner C et al. From clinic to school: translating a collaborative school-home behavioral intervention for ADHD. School Mental Health 3(3), 127–142 (2011).
  • Pelham WE, Fabiano GA, Gnagy EM, Greiner AR, Hoza B. The role of summer treatment programs in the context of comprehensive treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Disorders: Empirically Based Strategies for Clinical Practice. Hibbs ED, Jensen PS (Eds). American Psychological Association, DC, USA, 377–409 (2005).
  • Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Greiner AR, Waschbusch DA, Fabiano GA, Burrows-Maclean L. Summer treatment programs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents. Weisz JR (Ed.). Guilford Press, NY, USA, 277–292 (2010).
  • Pelham WE, Hoza B. Intensive Treatment: a Summer Treatment Program for Children With ADHD. Hibbs ED (Ed.). American Psychological Association, DC, USA, 311–340 (1996).
  • Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. The effects of the Fast Track preventive intervention on the development of conduct disorder across childhood. Child Dev. 82(1), 331–345 (2011).
  • Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. Initial impact of the fast track prevention trial for conduct problems: I. The high-risk sample. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 67(5), 631–647 (1999).
  • Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. Initial impact of the fast track prevention trial for conduct problems: II. Classroom effects. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 67(5), 648–657 (1999).
  • Bierman KL, Coie JD, Dodge KA et al. Fast track randomized controlled trial to prevent externalizing psychiatric disorders: findings from grades 3 to 9. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. 46(10), 1250–1262 (2007).
  • Swanson J, Arnold LE, Kraemer H et al. ; MTA Cooperative Group. Evidence, interpretation, and qualification from multiple reports of long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of children with ADHD (MTA): Part II: supporting details. J. Atten. Disord. 12(1), 15–43 (2008).
  • Henggeler SW, Schaeffer C. Treating serious antisocial behavior using multisystemic therapy. In: Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents (2nd Edition). Weisz JR, Kazdin AE (Eds). Guilford Press, NY, USA, 259–276 (2010).
  • Smith DK, Chamberlain P. Multidimensional treatment foster care for adolescents: processes and outcomes. In: Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents (2nd Edition). Weisz JR, Kazdin AE (Eds). Guilford Press, NY, USA, 243–258 (2010).
  • Loeber R, Burke JD, Pardini DA. Development and etiology of disruptive and delinquent behavior. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 5, 291–310 (2009).
  • Loeber R, Burke J, Pardini DA. Perspectives on oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and psychopathic features. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 50(1–2), 133–142 (2009).
  • Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Jaffee SR et al. Research review: DSM-V conduct disorder: research needs for an evidence base. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 49(1), 3–33 (2008).
  • Cho H, Hallfors DD, Sánchez V. Evaluation of a high school peer group intervention for at-risk youth. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 33(3), 363–374 (2005).
  • Boxer P, Guerra NG, Huesmann LR, Morales J. Proximal peer-level effects of a small-group selected prevention on aggression in elementary school children: an investigation of the peer contagion hypothesis. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 33(3), 325–338 (2005).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.