167
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Cost–effectiveness of preventing weight gain and obesity: what we know and what we need to know

Pages 297-305 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • World Health Organization. Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (2009).
  • Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff. 28(5), w822–w831 (2009).
  • Müller-Riemenschneider F, Reinhold T, Willich SN. Cost–effectiveness of interventions promoting physical activity. Br. J. Sports Med. 43(1), 70–76 (2009).
  • John J, Wenig CM, Wolfenstetter SB. Recent economic findings on childhood obesity: cost-of-illness and cost-effectiveness of interventions. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 13(3), 305–313 (2010).
  • Peeters A, Barendregt JJ, Willekens F, Mackenbach JP, Al Mamun A, Bonneux L; NEDCOM, the Netherlands Epidemiology and Demography Compression of Morbidity Research Group. Obesity in adulthood and its consequences for life expectancy: a life-table analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 138(1), 24–32 (2003).
  • Meltzer D. Accounting for future costs in medical cost–effectiveness analysis. J. Health Econ. 16(1), 33–64 (1997).
  • Nyman JA. Should the consumption of survivors be included as a cost in cost-utility analysis? Health Econ. 13(5), 417–427 (2004).
  • Gandjour A. Consumption costs and earnings during added years of life - a reply to Nyman. Health Econ. 15(3), 315–317; discussion 319 (2006).
  • Lee RH. Future costs in cost effectiveness analysis. J. Health Econ. 27(4), 809–818 (2008).
  • Feenstra TL, van Baal PH, Gandjour A, Brouwer WB. Future costs in economic evaluation. A comment on Lee. J. Health Econ. 27(6), 1645–1649; discussion 1650 (2008).
  • Liljas B, Karlsson GS, Stålhammar NO. On future non-medical costs in economic evaluations. Health Econ. 17(5), 579–591 (2008).
  • Kruse M, Sørensen J, Gyrd-Hansen D. Future costs in cost-effectiveness analysis: an empirical assessment. Eur. J. Health Econ. 13(1), 63–70 (2012).
  • van Baal PH, Feenstra TL, Polder JJ, Hoogenveen RT, Brouwer WB. Economic evaluation and the postponement of health care costs. Health Econ. 20(4), 432–445 (2011).
  • Allison DB, Zannolli R, Narayan KM. The direct health care costs of obesity in the United States. Am. J. Public Health 89(8), 1194–1199 (1999).
  • Thompson D, Edelsberg J, Colditz GA, Bird AP, Oster G. Lifetime health and economic consequences of obesity. Arch. Intern. Med. 159(18), 2177–2183 (1999).
  • Daviglus ML, Liu K, Yan LL et al. Relation of body mass index in young adulthood and middle age to Medicare expenditures in older age. JAMA 292(22), 2743–2749 (2004).
  • Lakdawalla DN, Goldman DP, Shang B. The health and cost consequences of obesity among the future elderly. Health Aff. 24(Suppl. 2), W5R30–W5R41 (2005).
  • Tucker DM, Palmer AJ, Valentine WJ, Roze S, Ray JA. Counting the costs of overweight and obesity: modeling clinical and cost outcomes. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 22(3), 575–586 (2006).
  • Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Brown DS, Allaire BT, Dellea PS, Kamal-Bahl SJ. The lifetime medical cost burden of overweight and obesity: implications for obesity prevention. Obesity 16(8), 1843–1848 (2008).
  • Yang Z, Hall AG. The financial burden of overweight and obesity among elderly Americans: the dynamics of weight, longevity, and health care cost. Health Serv. Res. 43(3), 849–868 (2008).
  • Cai L, Lubitz J, Flegal KM, Pamuk ER. The predicted effects of chronic obesity in middle age on medicare costs and mortality. Med. Care 48(6), 510–517 (2010).
  • van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA et al. Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure. PLoS Med. 5(2), e29 (2008).
  • Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA 293(15), 1861–1867 (2005).
  • Wolf AM, Colditz GA. Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States. Obes. Res. 6(2), 97–106 (1998).
  • Gandjour A, Lauterbach KW. Does prevention save costs? Considering deferral of the expensive last year of life. J. Health Econ. 24(4), 715–724 (2005).
  • Sabia JJ, Rees DI. Body weight and wages: evidence from Add Health. Econ. Hum. Biol. 10(1), 14–19 (2012).
  • Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. N. Engl. J. Med. 357(4), 370–379 (2007).
  • Sassi F. Obesity and the Economics of Prevention: Fit Not Fat. OECD Publishing, Paris, France (2010).
  • Jakicic JM. The role of physical activity in prevention and treatment of body weight gain in adults. J. Nutr. 132(12), 3826S–3829S (2002).
  • Lee IM, Djoussé L, Sesso HD, Wang L, Buring JE. Physical activity and weight gain prevention. JAMA 303(12), 1173–1179 (2010).
  • Wang LY, Yang Q, Lowry R, Wechsler H. Economic analysis of a school-based obesity prevention program. Obes. Res. 11(11), 1313–1324 (2003).
  • Galani C, Schneider H, Rutten FF. Modelling the lifetime costs and health effects of lifestyle intervention in the prevention and treatment of obesity in Switzerland. Int. J. Public Health 52(6), 372–382 (2007).
  • Moodie M, Haby MM, Swinburn B, Carter R. Assessing cost–effectiveness in obesity: active transport program for primary school children–TravelSMART Schools Curriculum program. J. Phys. Act. Health 8(4), 503–515 (2011).
  • Magnus A, Haby MM, Carter R, Swinburn B. The cost–effectiveness of removing television advertising of high-fat and/or high-sugar food and beverages to Australian children. Int. J. Obes. 33(10), 1094–1102 (2009).
  • Moodie M, Haby M, Galvin L, Swinburn B, Carter R. Cost–effectiveness of active transport for primary school children – Walking School Bus program. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 6, 63 (2009).
  • Moodie ML, Carter RC, Swinburn BA, Haby MM. The cost–effectiveness of Australia’s Active After-School Communities program. Obesity 18(8), 1585–1592 (2010).
  • Sacks G, Veerman JL, Moodie M, Swinburn B. ‘Traffic-light’ nutrition labelling and ‘junk-food’ tax: a modelled comparison of cost-effectiveness for obesity prevention. Int. J. Obes. 35(7), 1001–1009 (2011).
  • Brown HS 3rd, Pérez A, Li YP, Hoelscher DM, Kelder SH, Rivera R. The cost–effectiveness of a school-based overweight program. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 4, 47 (2007).
  • James WPT, Jackson-Leach R, Mhurchu CN et al. Overweight and obesity (high body mass index). In: Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL (Eds). World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 497–596 (2004).
  • Lew EA, Garfinkel L. Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J. Chronic Dis. 32(8), 563–576 (1979).
  • Waaler HT. Height, weight and mortality. The Norwegian experience. Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 679, 1–56 (1984).
  • Garrison RJ, Castelli WP. Weight and thirty-year mortality of men in the Framingham Study. Ann. Intern. Med. 103(6 Pt 2), 1006–1009 (1985).
  • Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Batty GD et al. Optimal form of operationalizing BMI in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the original Whitehall study. Obesity 16(8), 1926–1932 (2008).
  • Andreyeva T, Sturm R, Ringel JS. Moderate and severe obesity have large differences in health care costs. Obes. Res. 12(12), 1936–1943 (2004).
  • Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A, Manson JE. Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann. Intern. Med. 122(7), 481–486 (1995).
  • Tremollieres FA, Pouilles JM, Ribot C. Vertebral postmenopausal bone loss is reduced in overweight women: a longitudinal study in 155 early postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77(3), 683–686 (1993).
  • Gorsky RD, Pamuk E, Williamson DF, Shaffer PA, Koplan JP. The 25-year health care costs of women who remain overweight after 40 years of age. Am. J. Prev. Med. 12(5), 388–394 (1996).
  • Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. J. Appl. Physiol. 99(3), 1193–1204 (2005).
  • Roux L, Pratt M, Tengs TO et al. Cost effectiveness of community-based physical activity interventions. Am. J. Prev. Med. 35(6), 578–588 (2008).
  • Cobiac LJ, Vos T, Barendregt JJ. Cost-effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity: a modelling study. PLoS Med. 6(7), e1000110 (2009).
  • Kesaniemi YK, Danforth E Jr, Jensen MD, Kopelman PG, Lefèbvre P, Reeder BA. Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: an evidence-based symposium. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33(Suppl. 6), S351–S358 (2001).
  • Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR et al.; Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation 116(9), 1081–1093 (2007).
  • Hootman J. Physical activity, fitness, and joint and bone health. In: Physical Activity and Health. Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell WL (Eds). Human Kinetics, IL, USA, 219–230 (2007).
  • Mason J, Freemantle N, Nazareth I, Eccles M, Haines A, Drummond M. When is it cost-effective to change the behavior of health professionals? JAMA 286(23), 2988–2992 (2001).
  • Gandjour A. A model to predict the cost–effectiveness of disease management programs. Health Econ. 19(6), 697–715 (2010).
  • Gandjour A. Investment in quality improvement: how to maximize the return. Health Econ. 19(1), 31–42 (2010).
  • Dishman RK, Buckworth J. Increasing physical activity: a quantitative synthesis. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 28(6), 706–719 (1996).
  • Marcus BH, Dubbert PM, Forsyth LH et al. Physical activity behavior change: issues in adoption and maintenance. Health Psychol. 19(Suppl. 1), 32–41 (2000).
  • King AC, Rejeski WJ, Buchner DM. Physical activity interventions targeting older adults. A critical review and recommendations. Am. J. Prev. Med. 15(4), 316–333 (1998).
  • Brouwer WB, Koopmanschap MA. On the economic foundations of CEA. Ladies and gentlemen, take your positions! J. Health Econ. 19(4), 439–459 (2000).
  • Hagberg LA, Lindholm L. Measuring the time costs of exercise: a proposed measuring method and a pilot study. Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc. 8, 9 (2010).
  • Gustafsson O, Carlsson P, Norming U, Nyman CR, Svensson H. Cost-effectiveness analysis in early detection of prostate cancer: an evaluation of six screening strategies in a randomly selected population of 2,400 men. Prostate 26(6), 299–309 (1995).
  • Hatziandreu EI, Koplan JP, Weinstein MC, Caspersen CJ, Warner KE. A cost–effectiveness analysis of exercise as a health promotion activity. Am. J. Public Health 78(11), 1417–1421 (1988).
  • Weinstein AR, Sesso HD. Joint effects of physical activity and body weight on diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 34(1), 10–15 (2006).
  • Fogelholm M. Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic review. Obes. Rev. 11(3), 202–221 (2010).
  • Lee DC, Sui X, Blair SN. Does physical activity ameliorate the health hazards of obesity? Br. J. Sports Med. 43(1), 49–51 (2009).
  • Wang G, Pratt M, Macera CA, Zheng ZJ, Heath G. Physical activity, cardiovascular disease, and medical expenditures in U.S. adults. Ann. Behav. Med. 28(2), 88–94 (2004).
  • Wald NJ, Law MR. A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ 326(7404), 1419 (2003).
  • Franco OH, Bonneux L, de Laet C, Peeters A, Steyerberg EW, Mackenbach JP. The Polymeal: a more natural, safer, and probably tastier (than the Polypill) strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 75%. BMJ 329(7480), 1447–1450 (2004).
  • Schlander M. Reference case. In: Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making. Kattan M (Ed.). SAGE, CA, USA (2009).
  • Gandjour A, Gafni A. The German method for setting ceiling prices for drugs: in some cases less data are required. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. 11(4), 403–409 (2011).

Websites

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.