264
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Vaccination of travelers: how far have we come and where are we going?

, &
Pages 1609-1620 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • Steffen R, Amitirigala I, Mütsch M. Health risks among travellers – need for regular updates. J. Travel Med.15(3), 145–146 (2008).
  • Steffen R. Hepatitis A and B: risks compared with other vaccine-preventable diseases and immunization recommendations. Vaccine11, 518–520 (1993).
  • Nielsen US, Petersen E, Larsen CS. Hepatitis B immunization coverage and risk behaviour among Danish travellers: are immunization strategies based on single journey itineraries rational? J. Infect.59(5), 353–359 (2009).
  • CDC. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm. Rep.55(RR-7), 1–23 (2006).
  • Clemens R, Safary A, Hepburn A, Roche C, Stanbury WJ, André FE. Clinical experience with an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.171(Suppl. 1), S44–S49 (1995).
  • Victor JC, Monto AS, Surdina TY et al. Hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. N. Engl. J. Med.357(17), 1685–1694 (2007).
  • CDC. Update: prevention of hepatitis A after exposure to hepatitis A virus and in international travelers. Updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.56(41), 1080–1084 (2007).
  • CDC. Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis – United States, 2007. MMWR Surveill. Summ.58(SS03), 1–27 (2009).
  • Weinbaum CM, Williams I, Mast EE et al. Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. MMWR Recomm. Rep.57(RR-8), 1–28 (2008).
  • Mast EE, Weinbaum CM, Fiore AE et al. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Part II: Immunization of adults. MMWR Recomm. Rep.55(RR16), 1–40 (2006).
  • CDC. Recommended adult immunization schedule – United States, 2011. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly60(4), 1–4 (2011).
  • McMahon BJ, Dentinger CM, Bruden D et al. Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccine: results of a 22-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose. J. Infect. Dis.200(9), 1390–1396 (2009).
  • Kallinowski B, Knoll A, Lindner E et al. Can monovalent hepatitis A and B vaccines be replaced by a combined hepatitis A/B vaccine during the primary immunization course? Vaccine19, 16–22 (2001).
  • Thoelen S, Van Damme P, Leentvaar-Kuypers A et al. The first combined vaccine against hepatitis A and B: an overview. Vaccine17, 1657–1662 (1999).
  • CDC. Notice to readers: FDA approval for a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.50, 806–807 (2001).
  • Van Damme P, Leroux-Roels G, Law B et al. Long-term persistence of antibodies induced by vaccination and safety follow-up, with the first combined vaccine against hepatitis A and B in children and adults. J. Med. Virol.65(1), 6–13 (2001).
  • Van Herck K, Leroux-Roels G, Van Damme P, Srinivasa K, Hoet B. Ten-year antibody persistence induced by hepatitis A and B vaccine (Twinrix) in adults. Travel Med. Infect. Dis.5(3), 171–175 (2007).
  • Beran J, Kervyn D, Wertzova V et al. Comparison of long-term (10 years) immunogenicity of two- and three-dose regimens of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in adolescents. Vaccine28(37), 5993–5997 (2010).
  • Connor BA, Blatter MM, Beran J, Zou B, Trofa AF. Rapid and sustained immune response against hepatitis A and B achieved with combined vaccine using an accelerated administration schedule. J. Travel Med.14(1), 9–15 (2007).
  • Kurugöl Z, Mutlubaş F, Ozacar T. A two-dose schedule for combined hepatitis A and B vaccination in children aged 6–15 years. Vaccine23(22), 2876–2880 (2005).
  • Duval B, Gîlca V, Boulianne N, Deceuninck G, Rochette L, De Serres G. Immunogenicity of two paediatric doses of monovalent hepatitis B or combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in 8–10-year-old children. Vaccine23(31), 4082–4087 (2005).
  • Diaz-Mitoma F, Law B, Subramanya A, Hoet B. Long-term antibody persistence induced by a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in children and adolescents. Vaccine26(14), 1759–1763 (2008).
  • Overbosch D, Peyron F, Picot N et al. Combined typhoid fever and hepatitis A vaccine: comparison of immunogenicity and safety to concomitant monovalent vaccine over 3 years. J. Travel Med.12(6), 319–326 (2005).
  • Beeching NJ, Clarke PD, Kitchin NR, Pirmohamed J, Veitch K, Weber F. Comparison of two combined vaccines against typhoid fever and hepatitis A in healthy adults. Vaccine23(1), 29–35 (2004).
  • Beran J, Chlibek R, Weber F. A combined dual-chamber typhoid/hepatitis A vaccine as a booster dose in hepatitis A primed adults. Vaccine21(32), 4650–4654 (2003).
  • Manning SE, Rupprecht CE, Fishbein D et al.; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Human rabies prevention – United States, 2008: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm. Rep.57(RR-3), 1–28 (2008).
  • Rupprecht CE, Briggs D, Brown CM et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm. Rep.59(RR-2), 1–9 (2010).
  • WHO. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.85(32), 309–320 (2010).
  • Robertson K, Recuenco S, Niezgoda M, Garcia EJ, Rupprecht CE. Seroconversion following incomplete human rabies postexposure prophylaxis. Vaccine28(39), 6523–6526 (2010).
  • Shantavasinkul P, Tantawichien T, Wacharapluesadee S et al. Failure of rabies postexposure prophylaxis in patients presenting with unusual manifestations. Clin. Infect. Dis.50(1), 77–79 (2010).
  • Gautret P, Schwartz E, Shaw M et al.; GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Animal-associated injuries and related diseases among returned travellers: a review of the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Vaccine25(14), 2656–2663 (2007).
  • Mutsch M, Tavernini M, Marx A et al. Influenza virus infection in travelers to tropical and subtropical countries. Clin. Infect. Dis.40, 1282–1287 (2005).
  • CDC. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Recomm. Rep.59(RR-8), 1–68 (2010).
  • CDC. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm. Rep.59(RR-1), 1–27 (2010).
  • Hills SI, Griggs AC, Fischer M. Japanese encephalitis in travelers from non-endemic countries, 1973–2008. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.82, 930–936 (2010).
  • CDC. Japanese encephalitis in two children – United States, 2010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.60(9), 276–278 (2011).
  • CDC. Japanese encephalitis among three US travelers returning from Asia, 2003–2008. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(27), 737–740 (2009).
  • Schuller E, Klade CS, Wölfl G, Kaltenböck A, Dewasthaly S, Tauber E. Comparison of a single, high-dose vaccination regimen to the standard regimen for the investigational Japanese encephalitis vaccine, IC51: a randomized, observer-blind, controlled Phase 3 study. Vaccine27(15), 2188–2193 (2009).
  • Schuller E, Jilma B, Voicu V et al. Long-term immunogenicity of the new Vero cell-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine IC51: six and 12 month results of a multicenter follow-up Phase 3 study. Vaccine26, 4382–4386 (2008).
  • Dubischar-Kastner K, Eder S, Buerger V et al. Long-term immunity and immune response to a booster dose following vaccination with the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine Ixiaro, IC51. Vaccine28, 5197–5202 (2010).
  • Schuller E, Klade CS, Heinz FX et al. Effect of pre-existing anti-tick-borne encephalitis virus immunity on neutralising antibody response to the Vero cell-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate IC51. Vaccine26(48), 6151–6156 (2008).
  • Eder S, Dubischar-Kastner K, Firbas C et al. Long term immunity following a booster dose of the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine Ixiaro, IC51. Vaccine29, 2607–2612 (2011).
  • CDC. Recommendations for use of a booster dose of inactivated vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine – Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2011. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.60(20), 661–663 (2011).
  • Tauber E, Kollaritsch H, Korinek M et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a Vero-cell-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine: a non-inferiority, Phase III, randomized controlled trial. Lancet370, 1847–1853 (2007).
  • Kaltenbock A, Dubischar-Kastner K, Schuller E et al. Immunogenicity and safety of IXIARO (IC51) in a Phase II study in healthy Indian children between 1 and 3 years of age. Vaccine28, 834–839 (2010).
  • Dubischar-Kastner K, Kadlecek V, Sablan B et al. Safety, immunogenicity and dose confirmation for the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine IXIARO, IC51, in Filipino children aged 3 to 12 years. Abstracts from the 12th Conference of International Society of Travel Medicine. Boston, MA, USA (2011).
  • CDC. Update on Japanese encephalitis vaccine for children –United States, may 2011. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.60(20), 664–665 (2011).
  • Harrison LH, Pelton SI, Wilder-Smith A et al. The Global Meningococcal Initiative: recommendations for reducing the global burden of meningococcal disease. Vaccine29(18), 3363–3371 (2011).
  • Wilder-Smith A. Meningococcal vaccine in travelers. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis.20(5), 454–460 (2007).
  • Molesworth AM, Thomson MC, Connor SJ et al. Where is the meningitis belt? Defining an area at risk of epidemic meningitis in Africa. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.96, 242–249 (2002).
  • Moore PS, Harrison LH, Telzak EE, Ajello GW, Broome CV. Group A meningococcal carriage in travelers returning from Saudi Arabia. JAMA260(18), 1686–2689 (1988).
  • Memish ZA. Meningococcal disease and travel. Clin. Infect. Dis.34, 84–90 (2002).
  • Keyserling H, Papa T, Koranyi K et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and immune memory of a novel meningococcal (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MCV-4) in healthy adolescents. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.159(10), 907–913 (2005).
  • CDC. Updated recommendation from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for revaccination of persons at prolonged increased risk for meningococcal disease. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(37), 1042–1043 (2009).
  • Perrett KP, Snape MD, Ford KJ et al. Immunogenicity and immune memory of a nonadjuvanted quadrivalent meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine in infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.28(3), 186–193 (2009).
  • CDC. Licensure of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine (Menveo) and guidance for use – Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.59(9), 273 (2010).
  • Cooper B, DeTora L, Stoddard J. Menveo®: a novel quadrivalent meningococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine against serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y. Expert Rev. Vaccines10(1), 21–33 (2011).
  • CDC. Updated recommendations for use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines – Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.60(3), 72–76 (2011).
  • Monath TP. Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infect. Dis.1(1), 11–20 (2001).
  • WHO Yellow fever in Africa and Central and South America, 2008–2009. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.86(4), 25–36 (2011).
  • Jentes ES, Poumerol G, Gershman MD et al. for the Informal World Health Organization Working Group on Geographic Risk for Yellow Fever. The revised global yellow fever risk map and recommendations for vaccination 2010: an international collaborative effort. Lancet Infect. Dis. (2011) (In Press).
  • WHO. International Health Regulations (2nd Edition). WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland (2005).
  • WHO. International Travel and Health. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland (2011).
  • WHO. Outbreak news. Yellow fever, Paraguay. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.83(12), 105 (2008).
  • Monath TP, Cetron MS, Teuwen DE. Yellow fever vaccine. In: Vaccines (5th Edition). Plotkin SA, Orenstien WA, Offit PA (Eds). Saunders, PA, USA, 959–1055 (2008).
  • Staples JE, Gershman M, Fischer M. Yellow fever vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm. Rep.59(RR-7), 1–27 (2010).
  • Lindsey NP, Schroeder BA, Miller ER et al. Adverse event reports following yellow fever vaccination. Vaccine26(48), 6077–6082 (2008).
  • Guimard T, Minjolle S, Polard E et al. Short report: Incidence of yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.81(6), 1141–1143 (2009).
  • McMahon AW, Barwick Eidex R, Marfin AA et al. Neurologic disease associated with 17D-204 yellow fever vaccination: a report of 15 cases. Vaccine25(10), 1727–1734 (2007).
  • Whittembury A, Ramirez G, Hernandez H et al. Viscerotropic disease following yellow fever vaccination in Peru. Vaccine27(43), 5974–5981 (2009).
  • Silva ML, Espirito-Santo LR, Martins MA et al. Clinical and immunological insights on severe, adverse neurotropic and viscerotropic disease following 17D yellow fever vaccination. Clin. Vaccine Immunol.17(1), 118–126 (2010).
  • Akondy RS, Monson ND, Miller JD et al. The yellow fever virus vaccine induces a broad and polyfunctional human memory CD8+ T cell response. J. Immunol.183(12), 7919–7930 (2009).
  • Pulendran B, Miller J, Querec TD et al. Case of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease with prolonged viremia, robust adaptive immune responses, and polymorphisms in CCR5 and RANTES genes. J. Infect. Dis.198(4), 500–507 (2008).
  • Gaucher D, Therrien R, Kettaf N et al. Yellow fever vaccine induces integrated multilineage and polyfunctional immune responses. J. Exp. Med.205(13), 3119–3131 (2008).
  • Belsher JL, Gay P, Brinton M et al. Fatal multiorgan failure due to yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease. Vaccine25(50), 8480–8485 (2007).
  • Barwick Eidex R, for the Yellow Fever Vaccine Safety Working Group. History of thymoma and yellow fever vaccination (letter). Lancet364(9438), 936 (2004).
  • Kuhn S, Twele-Montecinos L, Macdonald J, Webster P, Law B. Case report: probable transmission of vaccine strain of yellow fever virus to an infant via breast milk. CMAJ183(4), E243–E245 (2011).
  • WHO. Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 3–4 December 2009. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.85(5), 29–33 (2010).
  • CDC. Transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus through breast-feeding – Brazil, 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.59(5), 130–132 (2010).
  • Suzano CE, Amaral E, Sato HK, Papaiordanou PM. The effects of yellow fever immunization (17DD) inadvertently used in early pregnancy during a mass campaign in Brazil. Vaccine24(6), 1421–1426 (2006).
  • Robert E, Vial T, Schaefer C, Arnon J, Reuvers M. Exposure to yellow fever vaccine in early pregnancy. Vaccine17, 283–285 (1999).
  • Tsai TF, Paul R, Lynberg MC, Letson GW. Congenital yellow fever virus infection after immunization in pregnancy. J. Infect. Dis.168, 1520–1523 (1993).
  • Nasidi A, Monath TP, Vandenberg J et al. Yellow fever vaccination and pregnancy: a four-year prospective study. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.87, 337–339 (1993).
  • Veit O, Niedrig M, Chapuis-Taillard C et al. Immunogenicity and safety of yellow fever vaccination for 102 HIV-infected patients. Clin. Infect. Dis.48(5), 659–666 (2009).
  • WHO. Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.86(24), 241–256 (2011).
  • CDC. Tick-borne encephalitis among U.S. travelers to Europe and Asia – 2000–2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.59(11), 335–338 (2010).
  • Schöndorf I, Beran J, Cizkova D, Lesna V, Banzhoff A, Zent O. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination: applying the most suitable vaccination schedule. Vaccine25, 1470–1476 (2007).
  • Schoendorf I, Ternak G, Oroszlàn G, Nicolay U, Banzhoff A, Zent O. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination in children: advantage of the rapid immunization schedule (i.e., days 0, 7, 21). Hum. Vaccines2, 42–47 (2007).
  • Demicheli V, Debalini MG, Rivetti A. Vaccines for preventing tick-borne encephalitis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), CD000977 (2009).
  • WHO. Cholera, 2010. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.86(31), 325–339 (2011).
  • Waldor MK, Hotez PJ, Clemens JD. A national cholera vaccine stockpile – a new humanitarian and diplomatic resource. N. Engl. J. Med.363(24), 2279–2282 (2010).
  • Shin S, Desai SN, Sah BK, Clemens JD. Oral vaccines against cholera. Clin. Infect. Dis.52(11), 1343–1349 (2011).
  • Hill DR, Ford L, Lalloo DG. Oral cholera vaccines: use in clinical practice. Lancet Infect. Dis.6, 361–373 (2006).
  • Lundkvist J, Steffen R, Jönsson B. Cost–benefit of WC/rBS oral cholera vaccine for vaccination against ETEC-caused travelers’ diarrhea. J. Travel Med.16(1), 28–34 (2009).
  • Wilder-Smith A, Gubler DJ. Geographic expansion of dengue: the impact of international travel. Med. Clin. North. Am.92(6), 1377–1390, x (2008).
  • Wilder-Smith A, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG, Gubler DJ. Update on dengue: epidemiology, virus evolution, antiviral drugs, and vaccine development. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep.12(3), 157–164 (2010).
  • Wilder-Smith A, Schwartz E. Dengue in travelers. N. Engl. J. Med.353(9), 924–932 (2005).
  • Schwartz E, Weld LH, Wilder-Smith A et al. Seasonality, annual trends, and characteristics of dengue among ill returned travelers, 1997–2006. Emerg. Infect. Dis.14(7), 1081–1088 (2008).
  • Freedman DO, Weld LH, Kozarsky PE et al. Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers. N. Engl. J. Med.354(2), 119–130 (2006).
  • Wilder-Smith A, Deen JL. Dengue vaccines for travelers. Expert Rev. Vaccines7(5), 569–578 (2008).
  • Monath TP. Dengue and yellow fever –challenges for the development and use of vaccines. N. Engl. J. Med.357(22), 2222–2225 (2007).
  • Lang J. Recent progress on sanofi pasteur’s dengue vaccine candidate. J. Clin. Virol.46(Suppl. 2), S20–S24 (2009).
  • McGee CE, Lewis MG, Claire MS et al. Recombinant chimeric virus with wild-type dengue 4 virus premembrane and envelope and virulent yellow fever virus Asibi backbone sequences is dramatically attenuated in nonhuman primates. J. Infect. Dis.197(5), 693–697 (2008).
  • Khromava AY, Eidex RB, Weld LH et al. Yellow fever vaccine: an updated assessment of advanced age as a risk factor for serious adverse events. Vaccine23(25), 3256–3263 (2005).
  • Guirakhoo F, Kitchener S, Morrison D et al. Live attenuated chimeric yellow fever dengue type 2 (ChimeriVax-DEN2) vaccine: Phase I clinical trial for safety and immunogenicity: effect of yellow fever pre-immunity in induction of cross neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 dengue serotypes. Hum. Vaccin.2(2), 60–67 (2006).
  • Wilder-Smith A. Meningococcal disease in travelers: a rare but devastating disease. J. Travel Med.17(Suppl.), 1–2 (2010).
  • Granoff DM. Review of meningococcal group B vaccines. Clin. Infect. Dis.50(Suppl. 2), S54–S65 (2010).
  • Bai X, Findlow J, Borrow R. Recombinant protein meningococcal serogroup B vaccine combined with outer membrane vesicles. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.11(7), 969–985 (2011).
  • Anderson AS, Jansen KU, Eiden J. New frontiers in meningococcal vaccines. Expert Rev. Vaccines10(5), 617–634 (2011).
  • Genton B. Malaria vaccines: a toy for travelers or a tool for eradication? Expert Rev. Vaccines7(5), 597–611 (2008).
  • Sacarlal J, Aide P, Aponte JJ et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of the RTS,S/AS02A malaria vaccine in Mozambican children. J. Infect. Dis.200(3), 329–336 (2009).
  • Bejon P, Lusingu J, Olotu A et al. Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E vaccine against malaria in children 5 to 17 months of age. N. Engl. J. Med.359(24), 2521–2532 (2008).
  • Torresi J, McCarthy K, Feroldi E, Méric C. Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability in adults of a new single-dose, live-attenuated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis: randomised controlled Phase 3 trials. Vaccine28(50), 7993–8000 (2010).
  • Nasveld PE, Ebringer A, Elmes N et al. Long term immunity to live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine: randomized, double-blind, 5-year Phase II study in healthy adults. Hum. Vaccin.6(12), 1038–1046 (2010).
  • Faber M, Li J, Kean RB, Hooper DC, Alugupalli KR, Dietzschold B. Effective preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies with a highly attenuated recombinant rabies virus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA106(27), 11300–11305 (2009).
  • Monath TP, Lee CK, Julander JG et al. Inactivated yellow fever 17D vaccine: development and nonclinical safety, immunogenicity and protective activity. Vaccine28(22), 3827–3840 (2010).
  • Monath TP, Fowler E, Johnson CT et al. An inactivated cell-culture vaccine against yellow fever. N. Engl. J. Med.364(14), 1326–1333 (2011).

Websites

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.