1,611
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Using Geophysical Methods to Study the Shallow Subsurface of a Sensitive Alpine Environment, Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

, , , , &
Pages 519-530 | Accepted 01 Feb 2008, Published online: 23 Jan 2018

References Cited

  • Anderson, S. P. , F. von Blankenburg , and A. F. White . 2007. Mechanical-chemical interactions shape the Critical Zone and fluxes from it. Elements 3:315–319.
  • Barry, R. G. 1973. A climatological transect on the east slope of the Front Range, Colorado. Arctic and Alpine Research 5:89–110.
  • Benedict, J. B. 1970. Downslope soil movement in a Colorado alpine region: rates, processes, and climatic significance. Arctic and Alpine Research 2:165–226.
  • Benn, D. I. and D. J. A. Evans . 1998. Glaciers and glaciations London Arnold. 734 pp.
  • Berthling, I. , B. Etzelmüller , M. Wåle , and V. J. Ludvig . 2003. Use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) soundings for investigating internal structures in rock glaciers. Examples from Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard. In Schrott, L. , A. Hördt , and R. Dikau , editors. Geophysical Applications in Geomorphology. Zeitschift für Geomorphologie, N.F. Supplement 132:103–121.
  • Birkeland, P. W. , R. R. Shroba , S. F. Burns , A. B. Price , and P. J. Tonkin . 2003. Intergrading soils and geomorphology in mountains—An example from the Front Range of Colorado. Geomorphology 55:329–344.
  • Blindow, N. , T. Richter , and H. Petzold . 2005. Bodenradar. In Knödel, K. , H. Krummel , and G. Lange , editors. Geophysik. Handbuch zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponien 3:389–424.
  • Burger, H. R. , A. F. Sheehan , and J. H. Craig . 2006. Introduction to applied geophysics: exploring the shallow subsurface New York Norton & Company. with appendix. 554 pp.
  • Davis, J. L. and A. P. Annan . 1989. Ground Penetrating Radar for high resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting 37:531–551.
  • Degenhardt, J. J. , J. R. Giardino , and B. M. Junk . 2003. GPR survey of a lobate rock glacier in Yankee Boy Basin, Colorado, USA. In Bristow, C. S. and H. M. Jol , editors. Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 211:167–179.
  • Fertig, J. 2005. Seismik—Prinzip der Methode. In Knödel, K. , H. Krummel , and G. Lange , editors. Handbuch zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponien 3:425–466.
  • Gable, D. J. and R. F. Madole . 1976. Geologic map of the Ward Quadrangle, Boulder County, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1277, scale 1:24,000.
  • Greenland, D. 1989. The climate of Niwot Ridge, Front Range, Colorado. Arctic and Alpine Research 21:380–391.
  • Hambrey, M. J. 1994. Glacial environments London UCL Press. 296 pp.
  • Hecht, S. 2003. Differentiation of loose sediments with seismic refraction methods—Potentials and limitations derived from case studies. In Schrott, L. , A. Hördt , and R. Dikau , editors. Geophysical Applications in Geomorphology. Zeitschift für Geomorphologie, N.F. Supplement 132:89–102.
  • Heimsath, A. M. , W. E. Dietrich , K. Nishiizumi , and R. C. Finkel . 1997. The soil production function and landscape equilibrium. Nature 388:358–361.
  • Hoffmann, T. and L. Schrott . 2003. Determining sediment thickness of talus slopes and valley fill deposits using seismic refraction—A comparison of 2D interpretation tools. In Schrott, L. , A. Hördt , and R. Dikau , editors. Geophysical Applications in Geomorphology. Zeitschift für Geomorphologie, N.F. Supplement 132:71–87.
  • Ives, J. D. and B. D. Fahey . 1971. Permafrost occurrence in the Front Range, Colorado Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. Journal of Glaciology 10/58:105–111.
  • Janke, J. R. 2005. The occurrence of alpine permafrost in the Front Range of Colorado. Geomorphology 67:3–4 375–389.
  • Jol, H. M. and C. S. Bristow . 2003. GPR in sediments: a good practice guide. In Bristow, C. S. and H. M. Jol , editors. Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 211:9–27.
  • Kirsch, R. and W. Rabbel . 1997. Seismische Verfahren in der Umweltgeophysik. In Beblo, M. , editor. Umweltgeophysik Berlin Ernst & Sohn. 243–311.
  • Kleber, A. 1997. Cover-beds as soil parent materials in mid-latitude regions. Catena 30:197–213.
  • Krummel, H. 2005. Seismische Quellen. In Knödel, K. , H. Krummel , and G. Lange , editors. Handbuch zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponien und Altlasten 3:467–504.
  • Leopold, M. and J. Völkel . 2003. Radar images of periglacial slope deposits beneath peat bogs in Middle European Highlands, Germany. In Bristow, C. S. and H. M. Jol , editors. Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 211:177–185.
  • Leopold, M. and J. Völkel . 2007a. Colluvium: definition, differentiation and possible suitability for reconstructing Holocene climate data. Quaternary International 162–163:133–140.
  • Leopold, M. and J. Völkel . 2007b. Quantifying prehistoric soil erosion—The discussion of different methods by the example of a Celtic square enclosure in southern Germany. Geoarchaeology 22:[8] 873–889.
  • Leopold, M. , J. Völkel , and K. Heine . 2006. A ground penetrating radar survey of late Holocene fluvial sediments in northwest Namibian river valleys: characterisation and comparison. Journal of the Geological Society 163:923–936.
  • Madole, R. F. 1982. Possible origins of till-like deposits near the summit of the Front Range in north-central Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1243. 31 pp.
  • Menzies, J. 1996. Past glacial environments: sediments, forms and techniques Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann. 598 pp.
  • Moorman, B. , S. Robinson , and M. Burgess . 2003. Imaging periglacial conditions with ground penetrating radar. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 14:319–329.
  • Munroe, J. S. , J. A. Doolittle , M. Z. Kanevskiy , K. M. Hinkel , F. E. Nelson , B. M. Jones , Y. Shur , and J. M. Kimble . 2007. Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar imagery for three-dimensional visualisation of near-surface structures in ice-rich permafrost, Barrow, Alaska. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 18:309–321.
  • Neal, A. 2004. Ground-penetrating radar and its use in sedimentology: principles, problems and progress. Earth-Science Reviews 66:261–330.
  • Otto, J. C. and O. Sass . 2006. Comparing geophysical methods for talus slope investigations in the Turtmann valley (Swiss Alps). Geomorphology 76:257–272.
  • Raab, T. and J. Völkel . 2003. Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Kleiner Arbersee area in the Bavarian Forest, south Germany. Quaternary Science Reviews 22:581–593.
  • Raab, T. , J. Völkel , and M. Leopold . 2007. Character, age, and ecological significance of Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits in Germany. Physical Geography 28:4 1–23.
  • Radzevicius, S. , E. Guy , and J. Daniels . 2000. Pitfalls in GPR data interpretation: differentiating stratigraphy and buried objects from periodic antenna and target effects. Geophysical Research Letters 27:20 3393–3369.
  • Sandmeier, K. 2004. Reflexw manual ver. 3.5 Karlsruhe Sandmeier Scientific Software. 377 pp.
  • Sandmeier, K. and G. Liebhard . 1997. Refraktionsseismik: Iterative Interpretationsmethoden. In Knödel, K. , H. Krummel , and G. Lange , editors. Handbuch zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponien und Altlasten 3:546–552.
  • Sass, O. and K. Wollny . 2001. Investigations regarding alpine talus slopes using ground penetrating radar (GPR) in the Bavarian Alps, Germany. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26:10 1071–1086.
  • Seastedt, T. R. , W. D. Bowman , N. Cine , D. McKnight , A. Townsend , and M. A. Williams . 2004. The landscape continuum: a model for high elevation ecosystems. BioScience 54/2:111–121.
  • Sheriff, R. E. and L. P. Geldart . 1982. Exploration Seismology. Volume 1: History, Theory and Data Acquisition New York Cambridge University Press. 272 pp.
  • Veit, H. 1993. Holocene solifluction in the Austrian and southern Tyrolean Alps: dating and climatic implications. Paläoklimaforschung 11:23–32.
  • Völkel, J. and M. Leopold . 2001. Zur zeitlichen Einordnung der jüngsten periglazialen Aktivitätsphase im Hangrelief zentraleuropäischer Mittelgebirge. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, N.F. 45:3 273–294.
  • Völkel, J. , M. Leopold , and M. C. Roberts . 2001. The radar signatures and age of periglacial slope deposits in the Central European Highlands of Germany. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 12:379–387.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.