Glacial-Geologic Evidence for Decreased Precipitation During The Little Ice Age in The Brooks Range, Alaska

References Cited

• Balascio, N. L. , D. S. Kaufman , and W. F. Manley . 2005. Equilibrium-line altitudes during the last glacial maximum across the Brooks Range, Alaska. Journal of Quaternary Science 20:821–838.
   Google Scholar
• Benn, D. I. , A. O. Lewis , H. A. Osmaston , G. O. Seltzer , S. C. Porter , and B. Mark . 2005. Reconstruction of equilibrium-line altitudes for tropical and sub-tropical glaciers. Quaternary International 138-139:8–21.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, R. S. and P. D. Jones . 1993. ‘Little Ice Age’ summer temperature variations: their nature and relevance to recent global warming trends. The Holocene 3:367–376.
   Google Scholar
• Braithwaite, R. J. , S. C B. Raper , and K. Chutko . 2006. Accumulation at the equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers inferred from a degree-day model and tested against field observations. Annals of Glaciology 43:329–334.
   Google Scholar
• Calkin, P. E. and J. M. Ellis . 1980. A lichenometric dating curve and its application to Holocene glacier studies in the central Brooks Range, Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research 12:245–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calkin, P. E. , J. M. Ellis , L. A. Haworth , and P. E. Burns . 1985. Cirque glacier regime and Neoglaciation, Brooks Range, Alaska. Zeitschrift fur Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 21:371–378.
   Google Scholar
• Clegg, B. F. , W. Tinner , A. Henderson , C. Bigler , and F. S. Hu . 2005. Spatial manifestation of the Little Ice Age in Alaska. EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 86 52:abstract PP31A-1513.
   Google Scholar
• Curtis, J. , G. Wendler , R. Stone , and E. Dutton . 1998. Precipitation decrease in the western Arctic with special emphasis on Barrow and Barter Island, Alaska. International Journal of Climatology 18:1687–1707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Arrigo, R. , R. Wilson , and G. Jacoby . 2006. On the long-term context of late 20th century warming. Journal of Geophysical Research 111:D03103, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006352.
   Google Scholar
• Dahl, S. O. and A. Nesje . 1992. Paleoclimate implications based on the equilibrium-line altitude depressions of reconstructed Younger Dryas and Holocene cirque glaciers in inner Nordfjord, western Norway. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology 94:87–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl, S. O. and A. Nesje . 1996. A new approach of calculating Holocene winter precipitation by combining glacier equilibrium-line altitudes and pine-tree limits; a case study from Hardangerjøkulen, central southern Norway. The Holocene 6:381–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detterman, R. L. , A. L. Bowsher , and T. Dutro . 1958. Glaciation on the Arctic Slope of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Arctic 11:43–61.
   Google Scholar
• Dyurgerov, M. 2002. Glacier mass balance and regime: data of measurements and analysis. Boulder University of Colorado, INSTAAR Occasional Paper no. 55.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, M. E. , C. J. Mock , B. P. Finney , V. A. Barber , and J. Bartlein . 2001. Potential analogues for paleoclimatic variations in eastern interior Alaska during the past 14,000 yr: atmospheric-circulation controls of regional temperature and moisture responses. Quaternary Science Reviews 20:189–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. M. and P. E. Calkin . 1979. Nature and distribution of glaciers, neoglacial moraines, and rock glaciers, east-central Brooks Range, Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research 11:403–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. M. and P. E. Calkin . 1982. 1977–1981: an interval of descending ELA's and cooling temperatures, central Brooks Range, Alaska. Geological Society of America Programs with Abstracts 14 7:483.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. M. and P. E. Calkin . 1984. Chronology of Holocene glaciation, central Brooks Range, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin 95:897–912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. M. , T. D. Hamilton , and P. E. Calkin . 1981. Holocene glaciation of the Arrigetch Peaks, Brooks Range, Alaska. Arctic 34:158–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evison, L. H. , P. E. Calkin , and J. M. Ellis . 1996. Late-Holocene glaciation and twentieth-century retreat, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska. The Holocene 6:17–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, T. D. 1979. Surficial geologic map of Chandler Lake Quadrangle, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1121, scale 1: 250,000.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, T. D. 1981. Surficial geologic map of Survey Pass Quadrangle, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1320, scale 1: 250,000.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, T. D. 1986. In Hamilton, T. D. , K. M. Reed , and R. M. Thorson . Late Cenozoic glaciation of the central Brooks Range. Glaciation in Alaska—The geologic record Alaska Geological Society. 9–49.
   Google Scholar
• Haugen, R. K. 1979. Climatic investigation along the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay Haul Road, Alaska, 1975–78. Informal etract from final Federal Highway Administration Contract Report, Environmental investigations along the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay Haul Road, Alaska. Hanover, New Hampshire U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, F. S. , E. Ito , T. A. Brown , B. B. Curry , and D. R. Engstrom . 2001. Pronounced climatic variation in Alaska during the last two millennia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98:10552–10556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innes, J. L. 1985. Lichenometry. Progress in Physical Geography 9:187–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacoby, G. C. , K. W. Workman , and R. D. D'Arrigo . 1999. Laki eruption of 1783, tree rings, and disaster for northwest Alaska Inuit. Quaternary Science Reviews 18:1365–1371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, P. M. , P. D. Jones , C. B. Sear , B. S G. Cherry , and R. K. Tavakol . 1982. Variations in surface air temperatures: Part 2. Arctic regions, 1881–1980. Monthly Weather Review 110:71–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klok, L. , M. Nolan , and M. van den Drocke . 2006. Analysis of meteorological data and the surface energy balance of McCall Glacier, Alaska. Journal of Glaciology 51:451–461.
   Google Scholar
• L'Heureux, M. L. , M. E. Mann , B. I. Cook , B. E. Gleason , and R. S. Vose . 2004. Atmospheric circulation influences on seasonal precipitation patterns in Alaska during the latter 20th century. Journal of Geophysical Research 109:D06106, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003845.
   Google Scholar
• Leffingwell, EdeK. 1919. The Canning River region, northeastern Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 109.
   Google Scholar
• Leonard, E. M. 1989. Climate change in Colorado Rocky Mountains: estimates based on modern climate at late Pleistocene equilibrium lines. Arctic and Alpine Research 21:245–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lie, Ø , S. O. Dahl , and A. Nesje . 2003. Theoretical equilibrium-line altitudes and glacier buildup sensitivity in southern Norway based on meteorological data in a geographical information system. The Holocene 13:373–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, C. W. and W. W. Locke . 1977. Little ice age snow-cover extent and paleoglaciation thresholds: north-central Baffin Island, NWT, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research 9:291–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowell, T. V. 2000. As climate changes, so do glaciers. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 97:1351–1354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckman, B. H. and R. J H. Wilson . 2005. Summer temperatures in the Canadian Rockies during the last millennium; a revised record. Climate Dynamics 24:131–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackintosh, A. N. , A. J. Dugmore , and A. L. Hubbard . 2002. Holocene climatic changes in Iceland: evidence for modeling glacier length fluctuations at Sólheimajökull. Quaternary International 91:39–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, D. H. , D. M. Peteet , R. E. Reanier , and M. L. Kunz . 2002a. Responses of an Arctic landscape to late glacial and early Holocene climatic changes: the importance of moisture. Quaternary Science Reviews 21:997–1021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, D. H. , P. A. Heiser , and B. P. Finney . 2002b. Holocene history of the great Kobuk sand dunes, northwestern Alaska. Quaternary Science Reviews 21:709–731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, G. H. and A. de Vernal . 1992. Will greenhouse warming lead to northern hemisphere ice-sheet growth. Nature 355:244–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moberg, A. , D. M. Sonechkin , K. Holmgren , N. M. Datsenko , and W. Karlén . 2005. Highly variable northern hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data. Nature 433:613–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nesje, A. and S. O. Dahl . 2003. The ‘Little Ice Age’—Only temperature. The Holocene 13:139–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oerlemans, J. 2005. Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records. Sciencexpress: doi: 10.1126/science.1107046.
   Google Scholar
• Oerlemans, J. and J. P F. Fortuin . 1992. Sensitivity of glaciers and small ice caps to greenhouse warming. Science 258 5079:115–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohmura, A. , P. Kasser , and M. Funk . 1992. Climate at the equilibrium line of glaciers. Journal of Glaciology 6:391–398.
   Google Scholar
• Orvig, S. 1961. McCall Glacier, Alaska: meteorological observations 1957–1958. Arctic Institute of North America Paper 8.
   Google Scholar
• Overpeck, J. , K. Hughen , D. Hardy , R. Bradley , R. Case , M. Douglas , B. Finney , K. Gajewski , G. Jacoby , A. Jennings , S. Lamoureux , G. Lasca , G. MacDonals , J. Moore , M. Retelle , S. Smith , A. Wolfe , and G. Zielinski . 1997. Arctic environmental changes of the last four centuries. Science 278:1251–1256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polissar, P. J. , M. B. Abbottt , A. P. Wolfe , M. Bezada , V. Rull , and R. S. Bradley . 2006. Solar modulation of Little Ice Age climate in the tropical Andes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103:8937–8942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, S. C. and G. H. Denton . 1967. Chronology of Neoglaciation in the North American Cordillera. American Journal of Science 265:177–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, S. C. , K. L. Pierce , and T. D. Hamilton . 1983. In Porter, S. C. Late Wisconsin mountain glaciation in the western United States. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States. Minneapolis, Minnesota University of Minnesota Press. 71–111.
   Google Scholar
• Rabus, B. T. and K. A. Echelmeyer . 1998. The mass balance of McCall Glacier, Brooks Range, Alaska, U.S.A.; its regional relevance and implications for climate change in the Arctic. Journal of Glaciology 44:333–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabus, B. T. and K. A. Echelmeyer . 2002. Increase of 10 m ice temperature: climate warming or glacier thinning. Journal of Glaciology 48:279–286.
   Google Scholar
• Seltzer, G. O. 1994. Climatic interpretation of alpine snowline variations on millennial time scales. Quaternary Research 41:154–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serreze, M. C. and C. M. Hurst . 2000. Representation of mean arctic precipitation from NCEP-NCAR and ERA reanalyses. Journal of Climate 13:182–201.
   Google Scholar
• Serreze, M. C. , J. E. Walsh , F. S. Chapin , T. Osterkamp , M. Dyurgerov , V. Romanovsky , W. C. Oechel , J. Morison , T. Zhang , and R. Barry . 2000. Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high-latitude environment. Climate Change 46:159–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serreze, M. C. , A. H. Lynch , and M. P. Clark . 2001. The arctic frontal zone as seen in the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis. Journal of Climate 14:1550–1567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikorski, J. 2004. Winter accumulation at the equilibrium line of Little Ice Age glaciers. Flagstaff Northern Arizona University. 118. M.S. thesis.
   Google Scholar
• Solomina, O. and P. E. Calkin . 2003. Lichenometry as applied to moraines in Alaska, U.S.A., and Kamchatka, Russia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 35:129–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, R. S. , E. G. Dutton , J. M. Harris , and D. Longenecker . 2002. Earlier spring snowmelt in northern Alaska as an indicator of climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research 107. doi: 10.1029/2000JD000286.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Geological Survey 1998. Standards for digital line graphs. National Mapping Program Technical Instructions. version 07/98.
   Google Scholar
• Wiles, G. C. , R. D. D'Arrigo , R. Villalba , P. E. Calkin , and D. J. Barclay . 2004. Century-scale solar variability and Alaskan temperature change over the past millennium. Geophysical Research Letters 31:L15203, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020050.
   Google Scholar