Vegetation Development on Deglaciated Rock Outcrops from Glaciar Frías, Argentina

References Cited

• Adamo, P. and P. Violante . 2000. Weathering of rocks and neogenesis of minerals associated with lichen activity. Applied Clay Sciences 16:229–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer, A. C. , M. J. A. Simpson , and B. H. MacMillan . 1973. Soils and vegetation of the lateral moraine at Malte Brun, Mount Cook region, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 11:23–48.
   Google Scholar
• Armesto, J. J. , I. Casassa , and O. Dollenz . 1992. Age structure and dynamics of Patagonian beech forests in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. Vegetatio 98:13–22.
   Google Scholar
• Ashton, D. H. and G. M. Moore . 1978. Vegetation of Pleistocene block streams and block fields in Victoria: a successional interpretation. Australian Journal of Ecology 3:43–56.
   Google Scholar
• Asselin, H. , A. Belleau , and Y. Bergeron . 2006. Factors responsible for the co-occurrence of forested and unforested rock outcrops in the boreal forest. Landscape Ecology 21:271–280.
   Google Scholar
• Barros, V. , V. Cordon , C. Moyano , R. Mendez , J. Forquera , and O. Pizzio . 1983. Cartas de Precipitación de la Zona Oeste de las Provincias de Río Negro y Neuquén. Cinco Saltos, Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. 27 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Belnap, J. , R. Prasse , and K. T. Harper . 2001. Influence of biological soil crusts on soil environments and vascular plants. In Belnap, J. and O. L. Lange . (eds.). Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Berlin-Heidelberg Springer-Verlag. 281–300.
   Google Scholar
• Breen, K. and E. Lévesque . 2006. Proglacial succession of biological soil crusts and vascular plants: biotic interactions in the High Arctic. Canadian Journal of Botany 84:1714–1731.
   Google Scholar
• Brummitt, R. K. and C. E. Powell . 1992. Authors of Plants Names. Kew Royal Botanical Garden. 732 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Burbanck, M. P. and D. L. Phillips . 1983. Evidence of plant succession on granite outcrops of the Georgia piedmont. The American Midland Naturalist 109:94–104.
   Google Scholar
• Cuevas, J. G. 2000. Tree recruitment at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Journal of Ecology 88:840–855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler, N. A. , L. R. Belyea , and A. J. Dugmore . 2008. The spatiotemporal dynamics of a primary succession. Journal of Ecology 96:231–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapin III, F. S. , L. R. Walker , C. L. Fastie , and L. C. Sharman . 1994. Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecological Monographs 64:149–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Agostini, A. 1945. Andes Patagónicos. Buenos Aires Guillermo Kraft Ltda. 437 pp.
   Google Scholar
• del Moral, R. , J. H. Titus , and A. M. Cook . 1995. Early primary succession on Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science 6:107–120.
   Google Scholar
• Dollenz, O. 1991. Sucesión vegetal en el sistema morrenico del Glaciar Dickson, Magallanes, Chile. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia Serie Ciencias Naturales 20:49–60.
   Google Scholar
• Ezcurra, C. and C. Brion . 2005. Plantas del Nahuel Huapi: Catálogo de la Flora Vascular del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Argentina. San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina Universidad Nacional del Comahue. 70 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Fonck, F. 1896. Viajes del Fray Francisco Menéndez a la Cordillera. Valparaiso, Chile Niemeyer. 528 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, B. L. and D. Tilman . 2000. Dynamic and static views of succession: testing the descriptive power of the chronosequence approach. Plant Ecology 146:1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway, D. J. 1992. Lichens of Laguna San Rafael, Parque Nacional “Laguna San Rafael”, southern Chile: indicators of environmental change. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 2:37–45.
   Google Scholar
• Henríquez, J. M. 2004. Influencia de los defecaderos de camélidos sobre el desarrollo vegetal y riqueza de especies en morenas glaciales, Tierra del Fuego. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 77:501–508.
   Google Scholar
• Henríquez, J. M. and C. H. Lusk . 2005. Facilitation of Nothofagus antarctica (Fagacea) seedlings by the prostrate shrub Empetrum rubrum (Empetraceae) on glacial moraines in Patagonia. Austral Ecology 30:877–882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heusser, C. J. 1960. Late-Pleistocene environments of the Laguna de San Rafael area, Chile. Geographical Review 50:555–577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heusser, C. J. 1964. Some pollen profiles from Laguna San Rafael area, Chile. In Cranwell, L. M. (ed.). Ancient Pacific Floras. Honolulu, U.S.A University of Hawaii Press. 95–114.
   Google Scholar
• Hodkinson, I. D. , S. J. Coulson , and N. R. Webb . 2003. Community assembly along proglacial chronosequences in the High Arctic: vegetation and soil development in north-west Svalbard. Journal of Ecology 91:651–663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jongman, R. H. G. , C. J. F. ter Braak , and O. F. R. Van Tongeren . 1995. Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology. Cambridge, U.K Cambridge University Press. 299 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Körner, C. 2005. The green cover of mountains in a changing environment. In Huber, U. M. , H. K. M. Bugmann , and M. A. Reasoner . (eds.). Global Change and Mountain Regions, an Overview of Current Knowledge. Dordrecht, The Netherlands Springer. 367–375.
   Google Scholar
• Kurina, L. M. and P. M. Vitousek . 2001. Nitrogen fixation rates of Stereocaulon vulcani on young Hawaiian lava flows. Biogeochemistry 55:179–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambshead, P. J. D. , H. M. Platt , and K. M. Shaw . 1983. The detection of differences among assemblages of marine benthic species based on an assessment of dominance and diversity. Journal of Natural History 17:859–874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, D. B. and E. G. Lawrence . 1959. Recent Glacier Variations in Southern South America. New York American Geographical Society. 39 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Leps, J. and P. Šmilauer . 1999. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Ceske Budejovice Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia. 110 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay, D. C. 1978. The role of lichens in Antarctic ecosystems. The Bryologist 81:268–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longton, R. E. 1992. The role of bryophytes and lichens in terrestrial ecosystems. In Bates, J. W. and A. M. Farmer . (eds.). Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment. Oxford Oxford University Press. 32–75.
   Google Scholar
• Luckman, B. H. and R. Villalba . 2001. Assessing the synchroneity of glacier fluctuations in the western Cordillera of the Americas during the last millennium. In Makgraf, V. (ed.). Interhemispheric Climate Linkages. San Diego Academic Press. 119–140.
   Google Scholar
• Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurements. Princeton Princeton University Press. 179 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Masiokas, M. 2008. Climate and glacier variability during past centuries in the north and south Patagonian Andes of Argentina. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Graduate Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. 268 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Masiokas, M. , B. H. Luckman , R. Villalba , A. Ripalta , and J. Rabassa . 2010. Little Ice Age fluctuations of Glaciar Río Manso in the north Patagonian Andes of Argentina. Quaternary Research 73:96–106.
   Google Scholar
• Matthes-Sears, U. and D. W. Larson . 1999. Limitations to seedling growth and survival by the quantity and quality of rooting space: implications for the establishment of Thuja occidentalis on cliff faces. International Journal of Plant Sciences 160:122–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthes-Sears, U. and D. W. Larson . 2006. Microsite and climatic controls of tree population dynamics: an 18-year study on cliffs. Journal of Ecology 94:402–414.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, J. A. 1992. The Ecology of Recently Deglaciated Terrain. A Geological Approach to Glacier Forelands and Primary Succession. Cambridge, U.K Cambridge University Press. 386 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, J. A. 1999. Disturbance regimes and ecosystem response on recently-deglaciated substrates. In Walker, L. R. (ed.). Ecosystems of Disturbed Ground. Amsterdam Elsevier. 17–37.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, J. A. and R. J. Whittaker . 1987. Vegetation succession on the Storbreen Glacier Foreland, Jotunheimen, Norway: a review. Arctic and Alpine Research 19:385–395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash III, T. H. 1996. Photosynthesis, respiration, productivity and growth. In Nash III, T. H. (ed.). Lichen Biology. Cambridge, U.K Cambridge University Press. 88–120.
   Google Scholar
• Opazo Medina, B. M. , K. Torres Ribeiro , and F. Rubio Scarano . 2006. Plant-plant and plant-topography interactions on a rock outcrop at high altitude in southeastern Brazil. Biotropica 38:27–34.
   Google Scholar
• Orwin, J. F. 1970. Lichen succession on recently deposited rock surfaces. New Zealand Journal of Botany 8:452–477.
   Google Scholar
• Orwin, J. F. 1972. The effect of environment on assemblages of lichens growing on rock surfaces. New Zealand Journal of Botany 10:37–47.
   Google Scholar
• Paul, F. , A. Kääb , and W. Haeberli . 2007. Recent glacier changes in the Alps observed by satellite: consequences for future monitoring strategies. Global and Planetary Change 56:111–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelto, M. S. 2009. Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations. The Cryosphere Discussions 3:323–350.
   Google Scholar
• Pickett, S. T. A. 1989. Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies. In Likens, G. E. (ed.). Long-Term Studies in Ecology. New York Springer. 110–135.
   Google Scholar
• Pisano, V. E. 1978. Establecimientos de Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume (Coigue de Magallanes) en un valle en proceso de deglaciación. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, Serie Ciencias Naturales 9:107–128.
   Google Scholar
• Rabassa, J. , S. Rubulis , and J. Suarez . 1978. Los glaciares del Monte Tronador, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Río Negro, Argentina. Anales de Parques Nacionales 14:259–295.
   Google Scholar
• Rabassa, J. , S. Rubulis , and J. Suarez . 1979. Rate of formation and sedimentology of (1976–1978) push-moraines, Frías Glacier, Mount Tronador (41 10′S; 71 53′W), Argentina. In Schlucher, C. H. (ed.). Moraines and Varves. Rotterdam Balkema. 65–80.
   Google Scholar
• Rabassa, J. , S. Rubulis , and J. Suarez . 1981. Moraine in-transit as parent material for soil development and the growth of Valdivian Rain Forest on moving ice: Casa Pangue Glacier, Mount Tronador (Lat. 41°10′S), Chile. Annals of Glaciology 2:97–102.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera, A. and G. Casassa . 2004. Ice elevation, areal, and frontal changes of glaciers from National Park Torres del Paine, southern Patagonia Icefield. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 36:379–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarthou, C. , C. Kounda-Kiki , A. Vaculik , P. Mora , and J-F. Ponge . 2009. Successional patterns on tropical inselbergs: a case study on the Nouragues inselberg (French Guiana). Flora 204:396–407.
   Google Scholar
• Shure, D. J. and H. L. Ragsdale . 1977. Patterns of primary succession on granite outcrop surfaces. Ecology 58:993–1006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommerville, P. , A. F. Mark , and J. B. Wilson . 1982. Plant succession on moraines of the upper Dart Valley, southern South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 20:227–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen, H. 1909. Viajes de Esploracion i Estudio en la Patagonia Occidental: 1892–1902. Santiago de Chile Imprenta Cervantes. 233 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Svoboda, J. and G. H. R. Henry . 1987. Succession in marginal Arctic environments. Arctic and Alpine Research 19:373–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uno, G. E. and S. L. Collins . 1987. Primary succession on granite outcrops in southwestern Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 114:387–392.
   Google Scholar
• Veblen, A. T. and D. H. Ashton . 1979. Successional pattern above timberline in south-central Chile. Vegetatio 40:39–47.
   Google Scholar
• Veblen, T. T. , D. H. Ashton , S. Rubulis , D. C. Lorenz , and M. Cortes . 1989. Nothofagus stand development on in-transit moraines, Casa Pangue Glacier, Chile. Arctic and Alpine Research 21:144–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetaas, O. R. 1994. Primary succession of plant assemblages on a glacier foreland—Bodalsbreen, southern Norway. Journal of Biogeography 21:297–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villalba, R. , J. C. Leiva , S. Rubulis , J. Suarez , and L. Lenzano . 1990. Climate, tree-ring, and glacial fluctuations in the Río Frías Valley, Río Negro, Argentina. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 22:215–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitousek, P. M. 1994. Potential nitrogen fixation during primary succession in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Biotropica 26:234–240.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, L. R. and F. S. Chapin III . 1987. Interactions among processes controlling successional change. Oikos 50:131–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, L. R. , D. A. Wardle , R. D. Bardgett , and B. D. Clarkson . 2010. The use of chronosequences in studies of ecological succession and soil development. Journal of Ecology doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01664.x.
   Google Scholar
• Wardle, P. 1980. Primary succession in Westland National Park and its vicinity, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 18:221–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winchester, V. and S. Harrison . 2000. Dendrochronology and lichenometry: colonization, growth rates and dating of geomorphological events on the east side of the North Patagonian Icefield, Chile. Geomorphology 34:181–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiser, S. K. , R. K. Peet , and P. S. White . 1996. High-elevation rock outcrop vegetation of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:703–722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuloaga, I. O. and O. Morrone . 1999a. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Argentina I. St. Louis, Missouri Missouri Botanical Garden. 323 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Zuloaga, I. O. and O. Morrone . 1999b. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Argentina II. St. Louis, Missouri Missouri Botanical Garden. 1267 pp.
   Google Scholar